Crime Victimization Increases Turnout: Evidence from Individual-Level Administrative Panel Data

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kim Mannemar Sønderskov ◽  
Peter Thisted Dinesen ◽  
Steven E. Finkel ◽  
Kasper M. Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Violent Crime ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Measurement Biases

Abstract What are the consequences of being the victim of crime for political participation? Previous studies report mixed results with respect to voter turnout, in contrast to the positive effects found for other indicators of political engagement. However, previous turnout studies have failed to differentiate between violent and non-violent crime, and have relied on cross-sectional survey data that is prone to measurement biases and selection effects. This article addresses these shortcomings via a panel analysis of official registry data from Denmark recording individual-level turnout in two municipal elections (in 2009 and 2013) and victimization from violent and non-violent crime. It identifies the effect of victimization by comparing changes in turnout between the two elections for victims and two different counterfactual groups: non-victims in the general population, and individuals who were victimized after the 2013 election. The results show that victimization from violent crime increases turnout by 2 to 3 percentage points. The study further demonstrates a large negative between-individual effect of victimization, suggesting that previous studies have been marred by severe selection bias.

scholarly journals Public Sector Employment and Voter Turnout

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENNY GEYS ◽  
RUNE J. SØRENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Public Sector Employment ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Private And Public

Does working in the public rather than the private sector have a causal effect on electoral participation? Extant evidence using cross-sectional survey data remains unpersuasive due to data limitations and concerns posed by preference-based job selection. We address these challenges using population-wide individual-level register data on voter turnout covering four Norwegian local and national elections between 2013 and 2019. We identify causal effects by tracking the same individuals over time during (a) shifts between private- and public-sector employment, (b) relocations between municipalities, and (c) shifts into retirement. We find that local public-sector employees display 1–3 percentage points higher voter turnout compared with private-sector employees. These effects arise particularly when working in their residential municipality, but they largely dissipate upon retirement.

scholarly journals How Did Italian Adolescents with Disability and Parents Deal with the COVID-19 Emergency?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1687
Author(s):  
Silvia Faccioli ◽  
Francesco Lombardi ◽  
Pierantonio Bellini ◽  
Stefania Costi ◽  
Silvia Sassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Italian Adolescents

The COVID-19 emergency has imposed distanced education and has interrupted most rehabilitation services. Adolescents with disabilities have been isolated, and the burden on their families has been exacerbated. A cross-sectional survey was administered to adolescents with disability and to parents of disabled children to describe their experience during lockdown and their concerns or expectations about rehabilitation. A sample of 53 adolescents and 239 parents completed the survey. Adolescents were ages 13–18 years old (45.3% female). Most parents were between 35 and 55 years old (84.9% female). While 53.6% of the parents reported no positive effects of the lockdown, 92.5% of the adolescents expressed favorable consequences. The increased time spent with family members was judged positively by 27.2% of parents and by 64.2% of adolescents. Concern for their child’s disability was expressed by 47.3% of parents, while 73.6% of adolescents expressed concerns regarding the ban on meeting friends. In both groups, anxiety symptoms were correlated with the fear of contracting COVID-19 and with financial problems. Parents would have liked even more remote support from school and healthcare professionals, which was available for most participants. Thus, socioeconomic support, assistive technology and telerehabilitation strategies might help families with disabilities during a lockdown.

Medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia: an Iranian cross-sectional survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashem Hashempur ◽  
Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat ◽  
Mojtaba Heydari ◽  
Mesbah Shams
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herbal Preparations ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract Background Despite growing demand for medicinal plants, there is little data about their use by patients with dyslipidemia. We aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern, and associated factors for the use of medicinal plants among patients with dyslipidemia. Methods A 17-item semi-structured questionnaire was filled out by 195 patients with dyslipidemia in a cross-sectional study carried out in two academic endocrinology clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The questionnaire comprised of three main domains of demographic data (6 questions), clinical data (2 of them), and data related to the use of medicinal plants (totally 9 questions). Results A total of 77.4% of patients took medicinal plants. The most common medicinal herbs used by dyslipidemic patients were Zataria multiflora, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Zingiber officinale. Duration of dyslipidemia was significantly longer in herbal users than non-herbal users (p=0.04). Patients believing that concomitant use of conventional drugs and herbal preparations had synergic positive effects in addition to those persuaded that herbal preparations possessed less side effects, were significantly more likely to use medicinal plants (p=0.008 and 0.005, respectively). Additionally, most of the medicinal herb users (87.4%) changed neither the pattern nor the dosage of their medications all during herbal preparations use. Conclusions This study demonstrated a high prevalence of medicinal plants’ use among patients with dyslipidemia, which was associated with the duration of dyslipidemia, patients’ viewpoints about herbal preparations’ synergic positive effects, and their fewer side effects.

scholarly journals Patient experience of negative effects of psychological treatment: results of a national survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike J. Crawford ◽  
Lavanya Thana ◽  
Lorna Farquharson ◽  
Lucy Palmer ◽  
Elizabeth Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Effects

BackgroundTo make informed choices, patients need information about negative as well as positive effects of treatments. There is little information about negative effects of psychological interventions.AimsTo determine the prevalence of and risk factors for perceived negative effects of psychological treatment for common mental disorders.MethodCross-sectional survey of people receiving psychological treatment from 184 services in England and Wales. Respondents were asked whether they had experienced lasting bad effects from the treatment they received.ResultsOf 14 587 respondents, 763 (5.2%) reported experiencing lasting bad effects. People aged over 65 were less likely to report such effects and sexual and ethnic minorities were more likely to report them. People who were unsure what type of therapy they received were more likely to report negative effects (odds ratio (OR) = 1.51, 95% CI 1.22–1.87), and those that stated that they were given enough information about therapy before it started were less likely to report them (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.54–0.79).ConclusionsOne in 20 people responding to this survey reported lasting bad effects from psychological treatment. Clinicians should discuss the potential for both the positive and negative effects of therapy before it starts.

DETERMINANTS OF INDUCED ABORTION: AN ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUAL, HOUSEHOLD AND CONTEXTUAL FACTORS IN RAJASTHAN, INDIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
BATYA ELUL
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

SummaryIn the developing world, little is known about the risk and precipitating factors for abortion, due to a dearth of community-based surveys. Most analyses of determinants of induced abortion consider only a small set of household and individual socio-demographic factors and treat abortion as an isolated outcome, which ignores its relationship with prior reproductive health behaviours and experiences. In this paper, data from a cross-sectional survey of abortion knowledge, attitudes and practices among 2571 currently married women of reproductive age in Rajasthan, India, were used to examine contextual-, household- and individual-level determinants of abortion. Bivariate probit models, which jointly determine the probability of pregnancy and the conditional probability of abortion, were used to reflect the probability of abortion as a result of interrelated and sequential events. Increased socioeconomic status and life-cycle factors were associated with both the probability of pregnancy and with the conditional likelihood of abortion. Women who reported personal networks were also more likely to terminate pregnancies, particularly if their network members purportedly had abortion experience. Community knowledge of sex-selective abortion also exerted a significant positive effect on the propensity to terminate a pregnancy. For rural women only, community beliefs regarding spousal consent requirements pre-abortion were also significantly associated with abortion.

scholarly journals The Introduction of Voter Registration and Its Effect on Turnout

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Ansolabehere ◽  
David M. Konisky
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Voter Registration ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Registration Laws ◽  
Panel Estimates

Studies of voter turnout across states find that those with more facilitative registration laws have higher turnout rates. Eliminating registration barriers altogether is estimated to raise voter participation rates by up to 10%. This article presents panel estimates of the effects of introducing registration that exploits changes in registration laws and turnout within states. New York and Ohio imposed registration requirements on all of their counties in 1965 and 1977, respectively. We find that the introduction of registration to counties that did not previously require registration decreased participation over the long term by three to five percentage points. Though significant, this is lower than estimates of the effects of registration from cross-sectional studies and suggests that expectations about the effects of registration reforms on turnout may be overstated.

scholarly journals Does where you live matter? : physical characteristics of neighbourhoods and type 2 diabetes in Toronto ; a cross sectional survey of ethnoracial groups living in St. James Town and Flemingdon Park

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Tynan
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Reported Health Status ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of neighbourhood on type 2 diabetes among a sample of immigrants attending diabetes education programs in Toronto. Flemingdon Park (FP) has higher overall rates of diabetes than does St. James Town (SJ), even though both areas share similar socio-economic and immigrant profiles. A cross-sectional survey administered to participants of Diabetes Education Programs at Flemingdon and Sherbourne Health Centres asked questions about proximity of resources such as grocery stores, walking, biking trails, parks, access to and availability of recreation sites, public transit, social support and self-reported health status. The results provide individual-level information on the impact of neighbourhood and other social determinants on type 2 diabetes among a sample of immigrants. While the results support the notion that 'where you live' does matter, bigger sample size and further study are needed.

scholarly journals Healthy Lifestyle Does Matter for Community-Dwelling Adults Pursuing Quality of Life

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 349-349
Author(s):  
Li-Fan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level

Abstract It has been well documented that socioeconomic factors influence lifestyle behaviors and all the physical and mental status at the individual level do matters for elderly people experiencing healthy aging. This study aimed to explore to what extent the healthy lifestyle including exercise and social participation influence on the health status of the community dwellings and their quality of life in Taiwan. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 1032 adults, aged ≥ 50 years, were interviewed with complete data from four communities in southern Taiwan. The results showed that for older community dwellings adults, doing exercise was significantly associated with feeling less stress, less depress, higher life satisfaction and higher quality of life (p<0.001). Being volunteers was found to be significantly associated with better quality of life (p<0.001). In the aging society, it is necessary to apply multifaceted approaches extending from individual solutions to public policy efforts in promoting healthier lifestyles.

scholarly journals Patients’ perceptions of continuity of care across primary care level and emergency departments in Belgium: cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e033188
Author(s):  
Marlene Karam ◽  
Anne-Sophie Lambert ◽  
Jean Macq
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Continuity Of Care ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Level ◽  
Primary Care Level ◽  
Individual Level

ObjectivesTo assess patients’ perceptions of continuity of care (COC) across primary care level and emergency departments (EDs) and to identify contextual and individual factors that influence this perception.DesignCross-sectional multicentre survey.SettingFive EDs in Brussels and Wallonia.Participants501 adult patients referred to the ED by their primary care physician (PCP). Patients with cognitive impairment or in critical condition were excluded.ResultsPatients perceived high levels of the three types of COC. On an individual level, older patients showed a perception of higher levels of continuity. Lower levels of informational and management continuity were observed among patients suffering from chronic diseases and patients with a high level of education. Patients also perceived a redundancy of medical exams, in parallel to a high degree of accessibility between care levels. On an organisational level, three structural factors were identified as barriers to COC, namely, ED workload, suboptimal sharing information system and the current fee-for-service payment system that encourages competition and hinders coordination between actors.ConclusionBelgian healthcare services seem satisfying for patients and easily accessible. However, efforts need to be directed towards improving their efficiency. A stronger primary care level is also needed to benefit the healthcare system by reducing overuse of emergency services. On the individual level, a more enhanced patient-centred approach could be beneficial in improving patients experience of care.

scholarly journals Who Is Willing to Get Vaccinated? A Study into the Psychological, Socio-Demographic, and Cultural Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination Intentions

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Giuliani Mattia ◽  
Ichino Anna ◽  
Bonomi Alice ◽  
Martoni Riccardo ◽  
Cammino Stefania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cultural Determinants ◽  
The Common

Crucial to the success of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign is the rate of people who adhere to it. This study aimed to investigate the reasons underlying people’s willingness to get vaccinated in a sample of Italian adults, considering the effects of different individual characteristics and psychological variables upon positive vs. negative/hesitant vaccination intentions, as well as subjects’ self-reported motivations for such intentions. An anonymous cross-sectional survey was distributed online in February 2021. The results showed that trust in science, number of vaccinations received in 2019, and belief that COVID-19 is more severe than the common flu, were associated with positive vaccination intentions. “Chance externality” health locus of control showed both direct and indirect effects upon positive vaccination intentions. Anxiety symptoms and participants’ perceived psychological status also showed indirect positive effects. Subjects’ self-reported motivations varied interestingly across positive vs. negative/hesitant intentions. Implications of these findings for identifying effective pro-vaccination messages are discussed in the final section of the paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document