STRUCTURE ANALYSIS AND BIOMASS MODELS FOR PLUM TREE (PRUNUS DOMESTICA L.) IN ECUADOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. VELÁZQUEZ-MARTÍ ◽  
C. CAZCO-LOGROÑO
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Form Factors ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Volume Calculation

SUMMARYThe development of dendrometric methodologies could allow accurate estimation of variables associated with the crown, such as primary production (fruit and timber) and tree vigor. The aim of this work was to develop a suitable method to estimate woody biomass in plum trees (Prunus domestica L.) in Imbabura, Ecuador by using an adapted dendrometry. Form factors and regression models were defined for branch volume calculation. From this, the distribution of woody biomass in the crown tree was characterized in every stratum. Occupation Factor and regression models were obtained in order to calculate the biomass in the crown tree, which can be used to estimate the CO2 captured in its structure during its development. Regression models for calculation of whole volume of the tree and pruned biomass were directly obtained from crown diameter and crown height with Rajustated2 of 0.74 and 0.81. The average moisture content of green material was 51%, and the average density of dry material was 0.66 ± 0.07 g cm−3. Proximate analysis of plum wood showed at 79.8 ± 9.2% volatiles and 2.1 ± 0.3% ash. Elemental analysis of the wood pointed to 46.5 ± 1.2% C, 6.1 ± 0.5% H, 46.3 ± 1.2% O, 0.6 ± 0.3% N, 0.06 ± 0.02% S and 0.02 ± 0.01% Cl. Cl, S and N contents are lower than the limits established by the standard EN 14691-part 4. With 46% of C, considering the relation 3.67 (44/12) between CO2 and C content, the CO2 sequestrated in the materials is 1.11 Mg m−3 wood material. Such method represents a tool to manage orchard resources and for assessing other parameters, such as raw materials for cultivation, fruit production, CO2 sink and waste materials (residual wood) used for energy or industry.

scholarly journals Analysis Physical and Mechanical Of Particle Boards Raw Materials Nipah Fruit Fiber

Teknomekanik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
M Saddikin ◽  
Hendri Nurdin ◽  
Primawati Primawati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Tapioca Flour

The raw materials of the timber industry, especially furniture, are increasingly difficult to obtain in the quantity and quality needed. The development efforts carried out were utilizing Nipah coir waste as a raw material for making particle boards. Particle boards are panel boards made of wood particles or materials containing lignocellulose. Nipah plants contain 27.3% lignin and 36.5% cellulose which has the potential to be used as raw material for particleboard production. This study aims to reveal the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from Nipah fruit fibre with adhesive using tapioca flour. The making of particle board is done with a ratio of 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, by giving a pressure of 100 kg / cm2. Particle testing is carried out according to the JIS A 5908 standard (2003). From this study, the optimum results were obtained in variations of 60%:40%. The particle physical properties which have an average density value of 1.15 gr / cm3 and an average moisture content of 5.8%. While the mechanical properties obtained by the value of Modulus of Elasticity an average of 21,188.93 kg / cm2. This shows the particle board variations of 60%: 40% produced to meet the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. Based on the analysis of the quality variations 60%: 40% of particle boards can be recommended as raw materials for interior furniture.

scholarly journals Research on a novel data-driven aging estimation method for battery systems in real-world electric vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 168781402110277
Author(s):  
Yankai Hou ◽  
Zhaosheng Zhang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Chunbao Song ◽  
Zhenpo Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Real World ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Battery Degradation ◽  
Operational Data

Accurate estimation of the degree of battery aging is essential to ensure safe operation of electric vehicles. In this paper, using real-world vehicles and their operational data, a battery aging estimation method is proposed based on a dual-polarization equivalent circuit (DPEC) model and multiple data-driven models. The DPEC model and the forgetting factor recursive least-squares method are used to determine the battery system’s ohmic internal resistance, with outliers being filtered using boxplots. Furthermore, eight common data-driven models are used to describe the relationship between battery degradation and the factors influencing this degradation, and these models are analyzed and compared in terms of both estimation accuracy and computational requirements. The results show that the gradient descent tree regression, XGBoost regression, and light GBM regression models are more accurate than the other methods, with root mean square errors of less than 6.9 mΩ. The AdaBoost and random forest regression models are regarded as alternative groups because of their relative instability. The linear regression, support vector machine regression, and k-nearest neighbor regression models are not recommended because of poor accuracy or excessively high computational requirements. This work can serve as a reference for subsequent battery degradation studies based on real-time operational data.

scholarly journals Development of a sensory profile for a new type of processed fruit and berry products

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
N. A. Gribova ◽  
L. V. Berketova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Organoleptic Evaluation ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Processed Products

The article considers the principle of developing a list of descriptors to describe the sensory characteristics of processed fruit and berry products as a result of osmotic dehydration with hypertonic sucrose solution. The analytical method of organoleptic analysis - the quantitative descriptive method, was used to determine significant characteristics. Initially, the testers compiled a preliminary list of descriptors for processed products, including 54 characteristics, which are divided into groups: consistency, appearance, taste, color and aroma. After deleting synonyms, antonyms, and hedonic descriptors, there are 12 descriptive characteristics left in the list. The following descriptors were identified: integrity of form, gloss, brightness of color, consistency: dense, juicy, soft, tender, watery, chewable, sticky, taste: pronounced varietal, sweet and sour taste, intense and extraneous aroma. After discussion between the testers and the head of research for unambiguous understanding of the descriptive characteristics was carried out studies of samples of berry, fruit products and structured reference profilograms frozen and frozen sweet berries and dried reference and dried fruit production. As a result of the organoleptic evaluation, it was found that all processed berries and fruits have a well-preserved consistency, appearance, taste, aroma and color. Levels of density, richness was appreciated, preserved the integrity of the form, pronounced colouring, no foreign flavor, taste of berries meets the variety, berries are delicate compared to a control sample. Thus the organoleptic quality assessment of processed fruit products showed that pre-osmotic dehydration with sucrose solutions for further processes such as freezing and drying have allowed for some handles to protect the structure of fruit and berry raw materials and does not negatively affect the indicators of appearance, consistency, taste, color and aroma, and improved their quality compared to traditional frozen or dried fruit and berry production.

scholarly journals Biostimulant Effect of Marine Macroalgae Bioextract on Pepper Grown in Greenhouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4052
Author(s):  
Paulo Melo ◽  
Carlos Abreu ◽  
Kiril Bahcevandziev ◽  
Glácio Araujo ◽  
Leonel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Metabolic Performance

Marine macroalgae are a vast source of raw materials and biologically active molecules used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industries. The search for a food free of chemical residues by consumers has led producers to use environmentally friendly and economically viable products as they are a source of natural compounds, forming a new and promising area of study. In this context, concentrated marine algae extracts (CMAEs) are an important alternative in this production model. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of CMAEs as biostimulants in plant metabolism, promotion of growth, development and production of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated in a greenhouse. This work was carried out from 24 June to 30 October 2019. The number of leaves, plant length, fresh and dry plant mass, root length, root fresh and dry mass, fruit production and the metabolic performance were evaluated. The results of the stomatal conductance of pepper plants, production and biofortification were related with the levels of nutrients absorbed by the plant, which reflected the effect of the applied biostimulant. The dose that showed the most promising results was the 0.5% concentration of CMAEs.

Analysis of the Inorganic Matter in Wood and Bark Proceeding from the Energetic Woodchips of the Plantation Grown Tree Species Robinia pseudoacacia via the AES-ICP

2016 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Ladislav Dzurenda ◽  
Ľubomir Pňakovič
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
A Value ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Poplar Trees

The paper presents the results of a quantitative analysis of the proportion of the following chemical elements: Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Zn and Fe in wood, bark and energetic woodchips produced from woody biomass of plantation grown clones: Ambiqua, Gori, Nyírségi, Rozaszin of the tree species Robinia pseudoacacia, which were cultivated by midi-rotation. Experimental works determined the average density of black locust wood ρ0W = 680.8 kg m-3 and of its bark ρ0B = 764.4 kg m-3. The AES-ICP technique determined the proportion of individual inorganic elements in dry wood and dry bark. The analyses show that the proportion of the analyzed inorganic elements in bark is 3.49 times higher than the proportion of these elements in wood. The largest proportion in the woody bark belongs to calcium, which proportion in wood is Ca = 3 965 mg.kg-1 and in bark is Ca = 18 698 mg.kg -1. Potassium shows also a higher proportion in bark than in wood with a value of K = 4 796 mg.kg-1, which is 1.73 times higher than in wood, Mg = 1 284 mg.kg-1, which is 2.81 times higher, phosphorus with the value P = 2 403 mg.kg-1, which is 4.04 times higher and iron Fe = 574 mg.kg-1 which is 4.86 times higher than in wood. Proportion of the analyses in energy woodchips is comparable to the proportion of these elements in the energy woodchips made of woody biomass produced from plantation grown clones of willow and alder. Woodchips made of black locust contain a higher proportion of calcium, it is by 25% higher than the upper limit of calcium in woody biomass from plantation grown poplar trees.

Modelling and analysis of incomplete and short lactations

2003 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Jaffrézic ◽  
P Minini
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Longitudinal Models ◽  
Lactation Length ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
Daily Milk

AbstractAdvantages of the use of test-day records for genetic evaluation of dairy cattle are now widely accepted. In particular, longitudinal models such as random regression avoid using ad hoc extrapolation procedures to reconstruct complete lactations as they provide individual predictions even for incomplete data. However, these predictions and parameter estimates obtained in the model do not take into account the lactation length. This can be an important drawback for phenotypic and genetic analysis of milk production of cows with shorter lactations. The aim of this paper is to propose a methodology that would correct these predictions, weighting them by the probability at each point in time of each cow being dried off. The proposed procedure is easy to implement and calculations are fast to compute. A simulation study and an application on real data for daily milk records show that the proposed methodology provides a more accurate estimation for individual cumulative production as well as genetic values, and avoids predicting negative productions at the end of the lactation as is often the case with random regression models.

scholarly journals Mechanical performance of biodegradable hemp shivs and corn starch-based biocomposite boards

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arūnas Kremensas ◽  
Agnė Kairytė Kairytė ◽  
Saulius Vaitkus ◽  
Sigitas Vėjelis ◽  
Giedrius Balčiūnas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Wood Polymer

For the production of traditional building materials, excavated natural resources are used. The production process of such materials requires high-energy demands, wherefore, high amounts of CO2 gases, which have a great impact on climate change, are emitted. Only a small part of such materials is effectively recycled and reused. Generally, they are transported to landfills, which rapidly expand and may pollute the soil, groundwater and air. Currently, a great attention is paid to the production of novel building materials. The aim is to use as less excavated materials as possible and replace them by natural renewable resources. Therefore, the recycling and utilisation at the end of life cycle of such materials would be easier and generation of waste would reduce. This way, the efforts of switching to circular economy are being put. One of the approaches – wider application of vegetable-based raw materials (cultivated and uncultivated agricultural plants). The usage of fibre hemp shives (HS) as an aggregate and corn stach (CS) as a binding material allows development of biocomposite boards (WPCs) which could contribute to the solution of the before mentioned problems. Bio-sourced materials combined with a polymer matrix offer an interesting alternative to traditional building materials. To contribute to their wider acceptance and application, an investigation into the use of wood-polymer composite boards is presented. In this study, biocomposite boards for the building industry are reported. WPCa are fabricated using a dry incorporation method of corn starch and HS treatment with water at 100 °C. The amount of CS and the size of the HS fraction are evaluated by means of compressive, bending and tensile strength, as well as microstructure. The results show that the rational amount of CS, independently on HS fraction, is 10 wt.%. The obtained WPCs have compressive stress at 10% of deformation in the range of (2.4–3.0) MPa, bending of (4.4–6.3) MPa and tensile strength of (0.23– 0.45) MPa. Additionally, the microstructural analysis shows that 10 wt.% of CS forms a sufficient amount of contact zones that strengthen the final product. The obtained average density (~319–408 kg/m3) indicate that, according to European normative document EN 316, WPCs can be classified as softboards and used as self-bearing structural material for building industry. Based on the requirements, WPCs can be applied in dry and humid conditions for the internal and external uses without loading (EN 622-4, section 4.2) or as load-bearing boards in dry and humid conditions for instantaneous or short-term load duration (EN 622-4, section 4.3).

scholarly journals FOR THE STUDY OF PECULIARITIES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION OF COMPOSITE BINDERS FOR NON-AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lesovik ◽  
M. Absimetov ◽  
M. Elistratkin ◽  
S. Shatalova
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Molding Mixture ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Aerated Concrete

the basis of the modern market of cellular concrete is autoclaved gas silicate. At the same time, non-autoclaved aerated concrete is largely a more technological material, allowing the variation of its properties within a wide range, having a potentially wider field of application, less costly in the organization of production, which is of great importance for small and medium-sized businesses. The main problem of non-autoclaved aerated concrete is a higher cost of raw materials compared to silicate, and 20...30% lower strength performance. The proposed solution to this problem is the development of special composite binders with a limited content of clinker and mineral additives of various genetic types, taking into account the peculiarities of the two-stage structure formation of the material – gas porization and the formation of the microstructure of the stone. The article deals with some aspects of the interaction in the system “mineral additive – gypsum – by-products of the gas release reaction” in terms of the effect on the viscosity of the swelling mass and the strength of the stone at different times of hardening. Recommendations are given on the preferred compositions of composite binders and dosages of gypsum in the molding mixture when producing a material with an average density in the range of 500...700 kg/m3.

scholarly journals ORGANIZATION OF SUPPLY CHAINS IN THE FRUIT SECTOR IN POLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Bogdan Klepacki
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Production Success ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Food Economy ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Retail Food ◽  
Final Consumer ◽  
Means Of Production

The aim of the study was to recognize the supply chains used in the marketing of fruit and their products, as well as the trends of changes in this sector. The object of the research was fruit production in the world and Poland. The study presents a diagram of the supply chain in agribusiness. A method of graphic presentation of the flow of raw materials and fruit products from producers of raw materials and means of production for agriculture to the final consumer was also used. Trends of changes in the production of fruit and their preserves are presented. The research used literature on the subject, available mass statistics data and data prepared by the Institute of Economics, Agriculture and Food Economy – the National Research Institute. Based on the research, it was found that the fruit logistics chain includes thousands of farmers, many agri-food processing units, wholesale and retail food trade. It must be very flexible, constantly adapting to the challenges of a changing, globalizing market. In conditions of dispersed fruit production, success is determined by the efficiency of chain management combined with solidarity and mutual trust of all participants in the flow of goods, information and financial resources.

STUDY OF OVERBURDEN TUFF ROCKS AND DEVELOPMENT ON ITS BASIS OF LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (37) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Zhanar O. ZHUMADILOVA ◽  
Maratbek T. ZHUGINISSOV ◽  
Yerlan Y. KHAMZA
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Vibrating Table ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Introduction. The work presents the research results on the development of technology for lightweight structural concrete based on overburden tuff rocks. To develop the technology of lightweight structural concrete, overburden tuff rock (Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan) is used, which is formed during the extraction of volcanic tuff for the manufacture of facing tiles. Aim. Study of the basic physical, mechanical and chemical properties of tuff, development of lightweight structural concrete compositions. Methods. The overburden tuff rock is crushed in a jaw crusher and screened through a set of standard screens. As a result, aggregates from tuff of fractions were obtained: 0.16-5 mm, 5-10 mm, and 10-20 mm. The composition of tuff concrete was selected by calculation according to the standard procedure. After calculating the composition of tuff concrete, all raw materials: cement, aggregates, additives, and water are dosed and mixed. The concrete mixture is placed in a mold and compacted by vibro-compression on a vibrating table. Hardening of concrete samples is carried out in humid conditions for 7, 14, and 28 days and steaming in a steaming chamber for 12-16 hours. Results and Discussion. After hardening, the properties were determined: compressive strength, average density, and heat transfer coefficient of concrete samples according to standard methods. The tuff concrete grade is in the range of 15.0-20.0 MPa. The average density of tuff concrete is 1822-1910 kg/m3. The thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) is in the range of 0.66-0.75 W/m∙K. The possibility of manufacturing finishing tiles from tuff concrete by grinding and polishing its surface has been established. Based on tuff sand, with a grain size of 3-5 mm, concrete stones with dimensions of 390x190x188 mm with 2 technological voids were made by vibration pressing. The hollowness of the stone is 51% of its total volume, and the compressive strength grade is 2.5-3.5 MPa. Conclusions. As a research result, the main physical, mechanical and chemical properties of overburden tuff rocks as a filler for lightweight structural concrete were studied. The possibilities of manufacturing wall blocks and facing slabs have been established.

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