scholarly journals Biostimulant Effect of Marine Macroalgae Bioextract on Pepper Grown in Greenhouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4052
Author(s):  
Paulo Melo ◽  
Carlos Abreu ◽  
Kiril Bahcevandziev ◽  
Glácio Araujo ◽  
Leonel Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Marine Macroalgae ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Chemical Residues ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Agricultural Industries ◽  
Metabolic Performance

Marine macroalgae are a vast source of raw materials and biologically active molecules used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industries. The search for a food free of chemical residues by consumers has led producers to use environmentally friendly and economically viable products as they are a source of natural compounds, forming a new and promising area of study. In this context, concentrated marine algae extracts (CMAEs) are an important alternative in this production model. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of CMAEs as biostimulants in plant metabolism, promotion of growth, development and production of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivated in a greenhouse. This work was carried out from 24 June to 30 October 2019. The number of leaves, plant length, fresh and dry plant mass, root length, root fresh and dry mass, fruit production and the metabolic performance were evaluated. The results of the stomatal conductance of pepper plants, production and biofortification were related with the levels of nutrients absorbed by the plant, which reflected the effect of the applied biostimulant. The dose that showed the most promising results was the 0.5% concentration of CMAEs.

RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING MEDICINAL SAGE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.В. ПЕЛИПЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Process Flow Diagram ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Active Substances

Исследованы потенциальные возможности ресурсосберегающей технологии переработки шалфея лекарственного (ШЛ). Объектом исследования были образцы эфирномасличного сырья – свежеубранные надземные части ШЛ в фазе полного цветения растения и сухие листья ШЛ. Предложенная схема переработки включает следующие стадии: получение эфирного масла; извлечение конкрета из обезэфиренных отходов экстракцией углеводородным растворителем и последующей его отгонкой; получение абсолютного масла и очищенных восков из конкрета отходов; извлечение дитерпеновых соединений экстракцией этиловым спиртом из отходов сырья после обработки гексаном. В результате исследований фракционного состава сырья и особенностей локализации эфирного масла установлено, что массовая доля эфирного масла составляет, % к сухой массе исследуемых фракций: в листьях и соцветиях 2,75, в стеблях 0,31. Рекомендовано введение ограничительных норм по соотношению технически ценной фракции – листьев и соцветий и балластной – стеблей. Полученное из ШЛ эфирное масло имеет высокое содержание туйонов (31,50%), камфоры (21,0%) и 1,8-цинеола (18,80%). Выход дитерпеновых соединений при комплексной переработке эфирномасличного сырья ШЛ на 38,0% ниже, чем из сухих листьев растения. Однако при расчете на сухую массу листьев и соцветий, составляющих 62,3% от массы сырья, показатели отличаются незначительно. Общий выход продуктов, содержащих комплекс биологически активных веществ, составил 15,53 %, что подтверждает целесообразность использования комплексной переработки шалфея лекарственного. The potential of resource-saving technology for processing medicinal sage (MS) has been studied. Samples of essential oil raw materials-freshly harvested aboveground parts of MS in the phase of full flowering of the plant and dry leaves of MS were the object of research. The proposed process flow diagram includes the following stages: obtaining essential oil; recovering a particular from deester waste by extraction with a hydrocarbon solvent and its subsequent distillation; obtaining absolute oil and refined waxes from a specific waste; extraction of diterpene compounds from raw waste after treatment with hexane by extraction with ethyl alcohol. As a result of studies of the fractional composition of raw materials and the features of localization of essential oil, it was found that the mass fraction of essential oil is, % of the dry mass of the studied fractions: 2,75 in leaves and inflorescences, and 0,31 in stems. The introduction of restrictive norms on the ratio of technically valuable fraction – leaves and inflorescences and ballast – stems is recommended. The essential oil obtained from MS has a high content of tuyons (31,50%), camphor (21,0%) and 1,8-cineol (18,80%). The yield of diterpene compounds in the complex processing of essential oil raw materials MS is 38,0% lower than from dry leaves of the plant. However when calculating the dry mass of leaves and inflorescences, which make up 62,3% of the mass of raw materials, the indicators differ slightly. The total yield products containing a complex of biologically active substances amounted to 15,53%, which confirms the feasibility of complex processing of medicinal sage.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POLYPHENOLS OF BROWN ALGAE OF THE BARENTS SEA AND THE WHITE SEA, AS WELL AS THE WATERS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Dmitriyevna Obluchinskaya ◽  
Lubov Viktorovna Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Brown Algae ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
The Barents Sea

The polyphenol content in the brown algae of the Barents, White Seas, as well as the water areas of the Northwest Atlantic (the Norwegian Sea, the Faxflow bay of the Atlantic Ocean) located in Russia, Norway, Greenland, and Iceland are compared. Algae of the following species were used for this study: Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus spiralis, Fucus serratus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus evanescens. It was found that the most productive raw materials for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds are brown algae F. vesiculosus, growing in Zavalishin Bay of the Barents Sea (Russia): the highest polyphenol content (14.4%) in the summer of 2019 was noted here. Polyphenols detected in F. vesiculosus in the summer from the White Sea on about. Great burnt (13.3%) (Russia), as well as in the Norwegian Sea, Cape Sydspissen (11.6%) (Norway). The minimum content of polyphenols was found in F. spiralis (0.7% dry mass) on the coast of Iceland (Faxflow bay), a low content of polyphenols was characteristic of all types of algae from this location (0.7–2.4%). Three-way analysis of variance (MANOVA) on the example of three types of algae (F. vesiculosus, F. spiralis, A. nodosum) showed that all the studied factors (place of collection, type of algae, fertile phase) are significant. The most significant factor affecting the accumulation of polyphenols by brown algae is the location of algae growth. The high content of polyphenols in the types of algae we studied from Russian water areas allows us to recommend their use as food and medicinal raw materials, as well as raw materials for biologically active additives.

STUDY OF MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ALDER LEAVES OF PHARMACOPOEIAL SPECIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Nesterov G.V. ◽  
Litvinova T.M. ◽  
Vasalatiy L.A.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Black Alder ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Promising Area

To expand the raw material base of medicinal plant raw materials, a promising area of research is the study of additional types of raw materials that can be harvested from already used medicinal and food plants. Given the complexity of harvesting alder seeds, researchers are interested in the leaves of this plant, a wide range of biologically active substances that cause anti-inflammatory, astringent and antioxidant effects. The first stage of standardization of raw materials is the definition of morphologically significant features, based on the generalization of which the section "External features" is developed. The analysis of morphological features of freshly harvested, dried and frozen leaves of gray alder (Alnus incana Moench) and black alder (A. glutinosa Gaerth) harvested from wild plants in mixed forests of the Moscow region revealed diagnostically significant features and found that the method of conservation does not affect the occurrence of the identified features. Since it is planned to use both types of alder for the preparation of a new type of raw material "Alder leaves", a generalized formulation is proposed for raw materials that are a mixture of species.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

On the diagnostics of Adonis L. species (Ranunculaceae) of the Russian flora

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Luferov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scientific Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Alternative Sources

The article provides brief information about cardiotonic, sedative, cytostatic, diuretic, and antibacterial effects of biologically active compounds of Adonis L. (Ranunculaceae) species. Chemical studies allowed to identify the cardiac glycosides, or cardenolides: or cardenolides: adontoxin, adonitol, adonitoxigenin, acetyldigitoxin and others. In scientific medicine, it is currently allowed to use Adonis vernalis L. Other types of Adonis have a similar chemical composition and are offered as substitutes for this official species, for example, Adonis apennina L. Many Adonis species have limited natural resources, and in some regions are rare, requiring conservation of their natural populations. The search for alternative sources of medicinal plant raw materials, based on this, is relevant. The experimental part of our research was carried out using the morphological and geographical method with the involvement of information on ecology and phenology. For the first time summarizes the diagnostic features of Adonis flora of Russian flora. Previously unknown structural features (shape and size of anthers) were identified that characterize the subgenera Adonanthe and Adonis. Taxonomic study of the genus Adonis of the Russian flora allowed us to determine its species composition, clarify its systematic affiliation, and nomenclature synonyms. 9 species were identified. Of these, 6 are perennials belonging to the subgenus Adonanthe, section Consiligo, which includes 2 subsections: Amurenses (2 species) and Vernales, which is differentiated into 2 rows: Apenninae (2 species) and Vernales (2 species). Subgenus Adonis is represented by 2 sections: Adonis (1 species) and Lophocarpa with sections Aestivales (1 species) and Dentatae (1 species). For all the considered species and varieties, the main distribution areas are given. A key has been compiled to determine the wild Adonis species distributed in Russia.

ASSESSMENT OF TOXICITY OF GERMANIUM COORDINATION COMPOUNDS

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
A. V. Kadomtsevа ◽  
I. V. Zhdanovich ◽  
M. S. Piskunovа ◽  
A. N. Lineva ◽  
A. N. Novikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Compounds ◽  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Promising Area

The synthesis of biologically active coordination compounds and the design on their basis of effective pharmacological preparations is currently the promising area. This paper presents the results of the toxicological studies on digermanium and its complex derivatives. It should be noted that the positive medical properties of organometallic compounds of germanium are confirmed by numerous studies, therefore, the development of the methods of synthesis, as well as investigations of physicochemical and pharmacological properties of these compounds are at the center of attention.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF PROCESSING OF SECONDARY RAW MATERIALS OF WINE-MAKING IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Osipova ◽  
O. Radionova ◽  
L. Tkachenko ◽  
T. Abramova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wine Making ◽  
Secondary Raw Materials ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Wide Range

The analysis of the current state of processing of secondary raw materials of wine-making in Ukraine is given. It is proved that the latter is a rich source of biologically active compounds, including phenolic ones, which makes it possible to use it for the production of a wide range of products (raccoon, polyphenol extracts, tartaric acid, beverages, fertilizers, grape oil, cake, vitamin D, animal feed, food powder, abrasives) with high consumer value for various industries: food, pharmaceutical, perfume and cosmetics, chemical, feed, etc. In the light of modern research, the role of phenolic compounds as essential nutrition factors that cannot remain out of the field of view of physiologists, pharmacologists, and food hygiene specialists is shown. However, currently in Ukraine there are no specialized enterprises for complex processing of secondary raw materials of winemaking; traditional technologies are not effective from a technological, economic and environmental point of view, which indicates not rational use of resources and loss of material resources; there are no systematic studies on physical and chemical, microbiological, Toxicological composition in order to determine the optimal direction of its use. A limiting factor is also the lack of comparative analysis of innovative domestic and foreign technologies for processing secondary raw materials of winemaking. In the vast majority of cases, in particular, combs and pomace are taken out of control to agricultural land without special treatment, which leads to acid soil erosion and pollution of the environment with metabolites of micromycetes, increasing one of the global problems of mankind-environmental. At the present stage of technological development, there are a number of innovative developments in the field of processing secondary raw materials, in particular grape pomace, in order to obtain biologically active additives, the limiting factor for the introduction of which is the lack of domestic and expensive imported equipment. A promising way to solve the existing problems is to create a mechanism that will unite the interests of wineries (producers of secondary raw materials of winemaking), processing enterprises (producers of products from secondary raw materials of winemaking), scientists and potential consumers of innovative products. Consolidation of the above-mentioned institutions and enterprises is possible by creating clusters for the development and implementation of innovative technologies and equipment

Exploiting the beneficial properties of microalgae for food and feed use

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 3634-3648
Author(s):  
Erika Koppányné Szabó ◽  
Krisztina Takács
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Health Food ◽  
Food And Feed

By 2050, 9.8 billion people are projected to live on Earth, which means that we need to double our current food production to keep pace with such a large population increase. In addition, rising greenhouse gas emissions and the associated climate change are placing a significant strain on the planet’s ability to sustain itself. However, in order to increase the quantity of proteins of plant origin, it is necessary to increase crop production areas, harvesting frequencies and the quantity of crops produced. Unfortunately, the optimization of these factors is already very close to the available maximum in the current situation. The developed cultivation systems and maximum utilization of the soil power leads to very serious environmental problems, soil destruction, loss of biodiversity and serious environmental pollution through the transport of the produced plant raw materials. This poses a serious challenge to food security and further increases the risk of hunger. There is therefore a need for agricultural practices that can lead to the cultivation of food and feed crops that have better sustainability indicators and are more resilient to climate change, which can be used to safely produce health-promoting feeds, as well as novel and value-added foods. Within this group, a particular problem is presented by the protein supply of the population, as currently about one billion people do not have adequate protein intake. However, conventional protein sources are not sufficient to meet growing protein needs. As mentioned above, food and feed proteins are based on plant proteins. In recent years, a prominent role has been played by the research into alternative proteins and the mapping of their positive and negative properties. Among alternative proteins, special attention has been paid to various yeasts, fungi, bacteria, algae, singe cell proteins (SCPs) and insects. In this paper, we focus on the presentation of algae, particularly microalgae, which are of paramount importance not only because of their significant protein content and favorable amino acid composition, but also because they are also sources of many valuable molecules, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, antioxidants, drugs and other biologically active compounds. It is important to learn about microalgae biomass in order to be able to develop innovative health food products.

DESIGN RECIPES OF PUREE FOR CANNED FOOD OF FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE FOR BABY FOOD

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.В. СВЕРДЛИЧЕНКО ◽  
М.К. АЛТУНЬЯН ◽  
Д.В. КАБАЛИНА
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Daily Rate ◽  
Combination Theory ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Functional Purpose

Спроектированы рецептуры пюреобразных консервов функционального назначения для детского питания. Проектирование рецептур поликомпонентных пюре проводили на основе принципов пищевой комбинаторики с учетом суточной потребности детского организма в функциональных ингредиентах: инулине, пищевых волокнах, витаминах С и Р, β-каротине, железе и калии. Выбрано овощное сырье – клубни топинамбура, содержащие инулин, обладающий гипогликемическими свойствами, морковь и тыква, содержащие антиоксиданты и антитоксические ингредиенты, а также фруктовое сырье – яблоки, содержащие комплекс антиоксидантов. Эталоном служил продукт, содержащий функциональные ингредиенты в количестве 10–50% суточной нормы, что отвечает требованиям, предъявляемым ГОСТ Р 52349–2005. Наиболее высокие дегустационные оценки получили образцы, содержащие, %: пюре из топинамбура 20–50, пюре из яблок 20–65, пюре из тыквы (смесь 1) или моркови (смесь 2) 10–35. Соотношение компонентов в смеси 3 определяли, приняв количество пюре топинамбура в продукте постоянным и равным 45%, а остальные компоненты варьировали в пределах 0–55% от массы смеси. Исследован химический состав предназначенного для детского питания овощного и фруктового сырья как источник биологически активных веществ. После оптимизации рецептурных компонентов методом компьютерного моделирования изготовлены опытные образцы и проведена органолептическая оценка разработанных рецептур. Установлено, что разработанные рецептуры обеспечивают получение продуктов, сбалансированных по содержанию физиологически функциональных ингредиентов и обладающих высокими органолептическими свойствами. Have been designed formulations of puree canned food of functional use for baby food. Development of compoundings of multicomponent purees was carried out on the basis of the principles of food combination theory taking into account the daily need of a children's organism for functional ingredients: inulin, food fibers, vitamins C and P, β-carotene, iron and potassium. Vegetable raw materials are chosen – Jerusalem artichoke tubers containing inulin, which has hypoglycemic properties, carrots and pumpkin, containing antioxidants and antitoxic ingredients, as well as fruit raw materials – apples, containing a complex of antioxidants. The product containing functional ingredients in number of 10–50% of standard daily rate that meets requirements of GOST P 52349–2005 served as a standard. The highest tasting estimates have received the samples containing, %: Jerusalem artichoke puree 20–50, puree apples 20–65, puree pumpkin (mix 1) or puree carrots (mix 2) 10–35. The ratio of the components in the mixture 3 was determined as follows: the amount of Jerusalem artichoke puree in a product was accepted to constant and equal 45%, and other components – within the limits 0–55% of the mass of mix. The chemical composition of the vegetable and fruit raw materials as a source of biologically active agents for products of baby food is investigated. After optimization of prescription components the method of computer modeling has made prototypes and organoleptic assessment of the developed compoundings is carried out. It is established that the developed compounds provide the products balanced on the content of physiologically functional ingredients and having high organoleptic properties.

Technological aspects of alcohol distillates production from non-traditional sugar-raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Kateryna Danilova ◽  
◽  
Oksana Zavarzina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Technological Properties ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Yeast Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

An actual problem of the alcohol industry development is the expansion of the raw material base through the use of new, cheaper types of carbohydrate sources. Recently, glucose-fructose syrup has been of increasing interest to producers of ethanol. Among the producers of craft drinks, in particular rum-based drinks, cane molasses is in increasing demand. The article presents the technological aspects of the fermentation process of nonconventional sugar-containing raw materials on the example of glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses in ethanol by different yeast strains. It is determined that glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses are raw materials depleted of nitrogen, phosphorus and growth substances necessary for the yeast activity. To improve the technological properties of raw materials in the molasses, nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition and corn extract as a growth substance shall be added to a mash. Glucose-fructose syrup is of pH 3.68 and of acidity 0.12, which negatively affects the fermentation. It is established that in order to create optimal living conditions for yeast, it is necessary to add substances to the glucose-fructose syrup that will contribute to the safety of development and prevent the pH 3.5. It was determined that the alcohol yield from 1 ton of glucose-fructose syrup is 31.0 dal, from 1 ton of cane molasses is 24.0 dal on the yeast 46ED and 22 dal on the TegaYeast without the use of growth substances and vitamins necessary for the reproduction of yeast biomass. Under conditions of improving the technological properties of the mash from the glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses by adding biologically active substances promoting the synthesis of yeast biomass, the ethanol content in the fermented mashes increases up to 11.9 12% vol.

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