Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) competition with grain sorghum under arid conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
Ali A. Bajwa ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Steve Adkins
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Free Treatment ◽  
Parthenium Weed

AbstractParthenium weed is an invasive species in a growing number of countries where it infests numerous crop fields, including sorghum. Two field studies were conducted to quantify the effect of parthenium weed on the performance of grain sorghum at different weed densities (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants m−2) and durations of weed-crop competition (season-long weed-free, weed-free after 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks, and season-long weedy). Our aim was to identify the density threshold and ideal duration to control parthenium weed in sorghum fields. Both field experiments were planned in a randomised complete block design each with three replications in 2016 and were repeated in 2017. Parthenium weed biomass increased significantly with increasing density and competition duration. The increasing parthenium weed density had a linear negative effect on sorghum growth, yield and yield-contributing traits. The highest yield loss, of up to 66%, was recorded at the highest parthenium weed density of 20 plants m−2 when compared to weed-free treatment. In addition, the season-long competition of this weed with sorghum caused 81% reduction in grain yield over weed-free treatment. According to our results, parthenium weed should be managed below a density of 5 plants m−2 and throughout the crop growth duration in grain sorghum fields as it can cause serious yield losses even at low densities and through strong competition at early as well as late growth stages of the crop.

Interference of Three Annual Grasses with Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda S. Smith ◽  
Don S. Murray ◽  
J. D. Green ◽  
Wan M. Wanyahaya ◽  
David L. Weeks
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Annual Grasses ◽  
Wide Row Spacing

Barnyardgrass, large crabgrass, and Texas panicum were evaluated in field experiments over 3 yr to measure their duration of interference and density on grain sorghum yield. When grain yield data were converted to a percentage of the weed-free control, linear regression predicted a 3.6% yield loss for each week of weed interference regardless of year or grass species. Grain sorghum grown in a narrow (61-cm) row spacing was affected little by full-season interference; however, in wide (91-cm) rows, interference increased as grass density increased. Data from the wide-row spacing were described by linear regression following conversion of grain yield to percentages and weed density to log10. A separate nonlinear model also was derived which could predict the effect of weed density on grain sorghum yield.

Effect of foliar application of iron and zinc on performance of transplanted rice in middle Gangetic plains of Bihar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD\ HASHIM ◽  
◽  
V K SINGH ◽  
K K SINGH ◽  
SHIVA DHAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Ferrous Sulphate ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Iron And Zinc

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2015 and 2016 at research farmof the ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute Regional Station Pusa, Samastipur, Biharto determine the foliar feeding of micronutrients (iron and zinc at different growth stages)on growth, yield and economics of rice in middle Gangetic plains of Bihar. The experimentwas laid out in randomized block design consisting of 9 treatments with 3 replications. Thetreatments consist of 0.5% spray of Zinc Sulphate and 1% spray of Ferrous Sulphate at fourdifferent growth stages i.e. 40, 50, 60 and 70 days aĞer transplanting (DAT) and one con-trol. The results shown significant increasing trends of growth, yield aĴributes and yield ofrice with four sprays of 1.0% solution of FeSO4at 40, 50, 60 and 70 days and three sprays ofZnSO4at 50, 60 and 70 days recorded significantly higher plant height, effective tillers/m2,panicle length, grains/panicle, 1,000-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and straw yieldat maturity. These treatments also gave significantly higher net returns and benefit: cost ratioover the control.

The critical weed-free period in glyphosate-resistant soybean in Ontario is similar to previous estimates using glyphosate-susceptible soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-443
Author(s):  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Amit J. Jhala ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Minimal Reduction

A study consisting of 13 field experiments was conducted during 2014–2016 in southwestern Ontario and southcentral Nebraska (Clay Center) to determine the effect of late-emerging weeds on the yield of glyphosate-resistant soybean. Soybean was maintained weed-free with glyphosate (900 g ae ha−1) up to the VC (cotyledon), V1 (first trifoliate), V2 (second trifoliate), V3 (third trifoliate), V4 (fourth trifoliate), and R1 (beginning of flowering) growth stages, after which weeds were allowed to naturally infest the soybean plots. The total weed density was reduced to 24%, 63%, 67%, 72%, 76%, and 92% in Environment 1 (Exeter, Harrow, and Ridgetown) when soybean was maintained weed-free up to the VC, V1, V2, V3, V4, and R1 soybean growth stages, respectively. The total weed biomass was reduced by 33%, 82%, 95%, 97%, 97%, and 100% in Environment 1 (Exeter, Harrow, and Ridgetown) and 28%, 100%, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% in Environment 2 (Clay Center) when soybean was maintained weed-free up to the VC, V1, V2, V3, V4, and R1 stages, respectively. The critical weed-free periods for a 2.5%, 5%, and 10% yield loss in soybean were the V1–V2, VC–V1, and VC–V1 soybean stages in Environment 1 (Exeter, Harrow, and Ridgetown) and V2–V3, V2–V3, and V1–V2 soybean stages in Environment 2 (Clay Center), respectively. For the weed species evaluated, there was a minimal reduction in weed biomass (5% or less) when soybean was maintained weed-free beyond the V3 soybean growth stage. These results shows that soybean must be maintained weed-free up to the V3 growth stage to minimize yield loss due to weed interference.

scholarly journals The Effect of Irrigation Intervals on the Growth and Yield of Quinoa Crop and Its Components

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Abdullah M. Algosaibi ◽  
Ayman E. Badran ◽  
Abdulrahman M. Almadini ◽  
Mohammed M. El-Garawany
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Index Number

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of irrigation intervals on growth, yield and its components and some of the chemical characteristics of the soil after the harvest of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd) plant. Three treatments were used as follow: T1 (twice irrigation every week, which is the common in the region), T2 (once irrigation every week) and T3 (twice irrigation every two weeks) using in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The crop coefficient (Kc) value differed according to the stage of growth where the results showed that the T2 treatment gave the highest mean in all the studied traits followed by the T3 treatment in all traits except the number of seed/m2. The results also confirmed that the increase in water reduced the agronomic traits such as harvest index, number of seeds and yield of seeds and straw/m2. Also it showed that the pH values in soils were not significantly affected by irrigation, while Ec significantly affected. Correlation coefficient was negative with the most traits and low with the number of grain (0.34) under overall studied treatments which confirms that quinoa is a plant that needs limited amounts of irrigation water. On the other hand there was positive strong correlation between the harvest index and grain yield (0.92). The results showed that moisture stress treatments increased the concentration of the ionic, NH4-N and NO3-N significantly compared to soils which do not have moisture stress (T1, T2). We assume that the development based on Kc during growth-stages helps in irrigation management and provides precise water applications for quinoa plant. These results indicate that the water requirements of quinoa plant are limited and that quinoa plant growth is not affected by the lack of irrigation water on the crop and its qualities.

Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition of dryland grain sorghum at Katherine, Northern Territory. 2. Effect of rate and source of phosphorus fertilizer

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (93) ◽  
pp. 564 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJK Myers
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Field experiments were conducted at Katherine, Northern Territory, in 1970-71 and 1971 -72 to examine responses of dryland grain sorghum to applied phosphorus at different growth stages. In the first, the effect of rate of application up to 100 kg P ha-1 as triple superphosphate was investigated. Growth responses to phosphorus were noted from mid-elongation onwards, but the magnitude of response varied between seasons, being greater in the higher rainfall season 1970-71. Maximum yields of grain were 7730 kg ha-1 with 50 kg P ha-1 in 1970-71, and 4440 kg ha-1 with 100 kg P ha-1 in 1971-72, which were increases of 49 and 37 per cent respectively over the appropriate zero phosphorus treatment. These suggested an increased requirement for phosphorus over previous recommendations. Phosphorus reduced the time from emergence to anthesis from 68 to 60 and from 70 to 63 days respectively in the two seasons. About half of the plant phosphorus was taken up after anthesis. It was concluded from soil analysis that phosphate-treated plots had an enhanced supply of phosphorus throughout the period of crop growth. In the second study, four phosphorus sources (superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate, and diammonium phosphate) were compared. With 25 kg P ha-1 and with constant nitrogen, grain yield response followed the order superphosphate > monoammonium phosphate > diammonium phosphate > triple superphosphate in both years. Triple superphosphate tended to give lower dry matter yields and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations than the other three sources.

scholarly journals Laboratory and Field Studies of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacterial Strains and Imazethapyr on Orobanche crenata Forsk Infesting Vicia faba

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdi A Yahia ◽  
Mohammed M Hassan ◽  
Muntasir A M Elamien ◽  
Nasreldin K Abdalla ◽  
Ahmed M E Rugheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Randomized Design

A series of laboratory and field experiments were undertaken at the laboratories and experimental farm of Environment, Natural Resources and Desertification Research Institute, NCR and Shendi Research Station experimental farm, ARC, Sudan at season 2015-2016, to evaluate efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus megatherium var. Phosphaticum (BMP), Rhizobium leguminosarum (TAL1399) and the herbicide imazethapyr (pursuit) against Orobanche crenata infesting faba bean. Treatments were laid out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) in laboratory experiment and in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in the field experiments with four replicates. Results of laboratory experiments showed that T. harzianum and Imazethapyr each alone or in combination significantly reduced O. crenata germination. Field results revealed that, application of T. harzianum, Imazethapyr and Imazethapyr + BMP+TAL1399 significantly delayed the days of O. crenata emergence in Shendi and Soba sites. T. harzianum alone or in combination with bacteria or imazethapyr significantly reduced number of O. crenata emergence and increased faba bean plant height as compared to the corresponding control in Shendi and Soba sites. T. harzanium alone or in combination with T. harzanium + BMP+TAL1399 significantly increased faba bean biomass, pod/plant and grain yield and 100 seed weight insignificantly as compared to the infested control in Shendi and Soba sites.

scholarly journals Studies on the Effect of Different Plant Densities and Levels of CRF on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flowers of Statice (Limonium sinuatum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Nishchay Galage Samir Ebson Topno ◽  
Vipin M. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Flower Stalk ◽  
Flowering Duration ◽  
Bud Initiation

A Field Experiment was conducted during Rabi season 2019-2020 at Experimental field, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (U.P.), India. The experiment was Evaluated in a Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications and 12 treatments. Among the CRF of 6g recorded significantly higher growth parameters followed by CRF of 4g, 2g and control. Spacing of 45cm x 60cm had a considerable influence on the number of leaves and length of leaves. Whereas, plant height was significantly higher with a spacing of 15cm x 30cm at all the growth stages. In flowering parameters, Controlled-release Fertilizers and spacing had a significance influence on the flowering parameters of statice. CRF of 6g per plant obtained notably higher flowering parameters like length of flower stalk and day of flower bud initiation to the day of harvesting whereas, highest delay in flower stalk initiation was observed in Control. The closer spacing of 15cm x 30cm had considerable influence on days required to flower stalk initiation/appearance, length of flower stalk and day of flower bud initiation to the day of harvesting or flowering duration. The higher yield with superior quality of flowers obtained with CRF of 6g with wider spacing of 45cm x 60cm.

scholarly journals Management of Pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa on Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sreekanth ◽  
M. Seshamahalakshmi ◽  
M. V. Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Grain Damage ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio

Background: Pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa is one of the most obnoxious pest causing grain damage ranging from 10-80% with a monitory loss of US$ 256 million annually. Being an internal feeder, infested pods do not show any external symptoms of damage until the fully grown maggots chew the pod wall, leaving a thin papery membrane intact called as window, through which adults exit from the pod. Several field studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of insecticides for the control of pod fly. However, these findings did not find acceptability and led to partial success. Insecticides that should leave lesser residues and pose lesser environmental threat have become imperative. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of certain new insecticide molecules against pod fly in pigeonpea ecosystem. Methods: Two field experiments were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur during Kharif, 2012 and 2013 in a randomized block design (RBD) using pigeonpea cv. ICPL 85063 (Lakshmi) with 17 treatments including untreated control and 3 replications. Two sprays were given at 10 days interval starting from pod initiation stage. At maturity, number of pods showing pod fly damage were recorded and expressed as percentage. Grain yield was recorded and cost–benefit ratio was worked out. Result: Among different insecticides, thiacloprid 21.7 SC, followed by diafenthiuron 50 WP, flubendiamide 480 SC and dimethoate 30 EC were very effective against pod fly with more grain yield and registered highest incremental cost benefit ratio (ICBR). It was further suggested that effective insecticides may be alternated in order to avoid development of resistance to pod fly in pigeonpea.

scholarly journals Weed Spectrum in Durum Wheat under Different Soil Tillage and Fertilizer Application in Mediterranean Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7307
Author(s):  
Verdiana Petroselli ◽  
Emanuele Radicetti ◽  
Alireza Safahani Langeroodi ◽  
Mohamed Allam ◽  
Roberto Mancinelli
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
The Impact

Agricultural intensification may cause significant changes in weed density due to high weed competitiveness. Therefore, sustainable practices are to be designed to get maximum benefits of plant biodiversity in the agro-ecosystems. Field experiments were conducted in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 to evaluate the impact of fertilizer source and soil tillage on weed spectrum in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). Treatments in this study were: (i) two fertilizer sources (mineral fertilizer (MIN) and municipal organic waste (MOW)), and (ii) three tillage regimes (plowing (Plo), subsoiling (Sub) and spading (SM)). A randomized complete block design with three replications was adopted. Data on weed density and biomass were collected at the wheat tillering stage. Weed density was higher in MOW than MIN (53.8 vs. 44.0 plants·m−2), especially in 2014/2015, while S was the highest among tillage regimes (58.2 plants·m−2). Annual and monocots species were always the highest in subsoiling (43.5 and 10.1 plants·m−2). The density of perennial and dicots species was higher in MOW compared with MIN plots, regardless of soil tillage management. Weed community, in terms of weed species composition, varied between the two fertilizer sources, while among soil tillage regimes, it only differed between plowing and subsoiling. Based on the analysis of weed community composition, annual dicot species were mainly associated with plowing, while monocots tended to be associated with MIN fertilizer. Spading tillage may be a useful strategy for managing weed diversity under organic fertilization, where mineral soil nitrogen availability was limited. Conversely, the spading machine produced lower grain yields than plowing with mineral fertilizer application.

scholarly journals Different Rates of Chicken Manure and NPK 15-15-15 Enhanced Performance of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Ferruginous Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
V. I. Abumere ◽  
O. A. Dada ◽  
A. G. Adebayo ◽  
F. R. Kutu ◽  
A. O. Togun
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Npk Fertilizers

Utilization of adequate fertilizer rate enhances soil physical and chemical properties, minimizes soil nutrient imbalance, and promotes better crop growth and development. The study investigated the influence of varying rates of chicken manure and NPK fertilizers as it affected growth, nutrient uptake, seed yield, and oil yield of sunflower on nutrient-limiting soil. Field experiments were carried out during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons for both main and residual studies. There were eight treatments comprising four rates of chicken manure (5, 10, 15, and 20 t·ha−1), three rates of NPK (30, 60, and 90 kg·N·ha−1), and control. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Growth, yield, dry matter and proximate, nutrient uptake concentration, and oil content were determined following standard procedures. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and means were compared with the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at p≤0.05. Performance of sunflower was superior on the field fertilized with 10 t·ha−1 chicken manure which was comparable to 90 kg·N·ha−1 NPK fertilizer. Sunflower seed yield and oil quality were superior in plots supplied with 10 t·ha−1 chicken manure which was comparable to 60 kg·N·ha−1 NPK. Growth, yield, dry matter, and proximate content were least in the unfertilized plots.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document