Germination and seedling emergence responses of common bean and cowpea to plant extract seed treatments

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. G. MASANGWA ◽  
Q. KRITZINGER ◽  
T. A. S. AVELING
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Cowpea Seed ◽  
Acetone Extracts

SUMMARYThe present study was initiated to investigate the effect of crude plant extracts as seed treatments on Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) and Vigna unguiculata (cowpea) seed germination and emergence in the presence of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Colletotrichum dematium, respectively. Common bean and cowpea seeds were treated with crude water and acetone extracts of Agapanthus caulescens Spreng., Allium sativum L., Carica papaya L. and Syzygium cordatum Hochst.ex Krauss at 5 and 15 mg/ml concentrations. Seeds treated with the synthetic fungicide fludioxonil+mefenoxam (the commercial product Celest® XL) represented the positive control, whereas dimethyl sulphoxide and water-soaked seeds represented negative controls. The rolled paper towel method of the International Seed Testing Association was used to investigate the effect of the treatments on seed germination. Mean emergence time (MET) was determined using seed inoculated with the respective pathogens. The changes in the ultrastructure of embryonic roots and the connecting tissues of embryo-cotyledon of common bean and cowpea treated with Syzygium acetone extracts and Agapanthus water extracts were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). High germination percentages of >90% were observed in bean seeds from two production seasons treated with low concentrations of water extracts of Allium, Syzygium and Agapanthus and acetone extracts of Allium, Agapanthus and Carica. These treatments also recorded high emergence percentages with low MET values, which were similar to the water control. Cowpea seeds treated with Carica water extract had the highest germination and emergence. Syzygium acetone was the only extract that gave higher germination and emergence in both IT93K5132 and PAN 311 varieties. Therefore, Carica water and Syzygium acetone extracts can be considered as potential bean and cowpea seed treatments. Generally, there were inconsistencies in terms of correlations of germination with emergence percentages in both cowpea and bean seed treated with plant extracts used in the study, which could be due to differences in vigour. The TEM study of embryo-cotyledon tissue of both species revealed that Syzygium and Agapanthus extract seed treatment may accelerate metabolic processes as evidenced by the presence of vacuoles, many cristae and few lipid bodies.

scholarly journals Screening of plant extracts for antifungal activities against Colletotrichum species of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 (4) ◽  
pp. 482-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. G. MASANGWA ◽  
T. A. S. AVELING ◽  
Q. KRITZINGER
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Acetone Extracts

SUMMARYThe aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the antifungal activities of plant extracts which can be used to control bean and cowpea anthracnose. Acetone, ethyl acetate and water extracts of Ipomoea batatas, Carica papaya, Allium sativum, Syzygium cordatum, Chlorophytum comosum and Agapanthus caulescens were screened in vitro for their antifungal activities against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and Colletotrichum dematium of common bean and cowpea using the agar disc infusion and microtitre double-dilution techniques. The same extracts were then tested for antifungal activity in vivo as seed treatments against anthracnose disease. The water extracts of Carica and Syzygium were active against C. lindemuthianum and had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 1·56 mg/ml. Syzygium, Allium and Chlorophytum water extracts were active against C. dematium and MICs were 3·13, 6·25 and 12·5 mg/ml, respectively. The MICs of Allium, Syzygium and Agapanthus acetone extracts were 0·78, 3·13 and 6·25 mg/ml, respectively, against C. lindemuthianum and 0·78, 6·25 and 3·13 mg/ml against C. dematium. Agapanthus water extracts and all the acetone extracts tested in vivo effectively reduced the incidence and severity of bean anthracnose disease in the greenhouse. Agapanthus acetone, Allium water, and both acetone and water extracts of Carica and Syzygium performed well in vivo in reducing cowpea anthracnose disease and compared well with reductions due to the application of the synthetic fungicide fludioxonil+mefenoxam (the commercial product Celest® XL) applied at 25 gai/l and also with levels in the non-inoculated control. The Agapanthus, Carica, Syzygium and Allium extracts were active on both Colletotrichum spp. in vitro and also reduced anthracnose disease of bean and cowpea and are potential seed treatments in anthracnose disease control. The easy seed treatment process and the accessibility of plants used in the present study could lead to high adoption of the use of the plant extracts as seed treatments by resource-poor, smallholder farmers.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS TO CONTROL OF PENICILLIUM ITALICUM WEHMER CAUSING BLUE MOLD ON LEMON FRUITS IN IRAQ

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Ahed A.H. Matloob ◽  
Hamid A A. Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Lemon Fruit ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Inhibitory Effect

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the water extract of Propolis, Wild mustard and dates vinegar in the inhibition of Penicillium italicum causal agent of Blue mold on a lemon fruits. The results showed that all tested extracts with concentrations 5, 10 and 15% had a high inhibitory effect against P. italicum. Dates vinegar is highly effective and showed 100% inhibition of P. italicum and protected lemon fruit from infection. First time this type of natural inhibitory water extracts are used in Iraq which resulted that the dates vinegar is the best suitable option for the management of lemon blue mold disease in post-harvest.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of invasive plants (Eriochloa villosa, Asclepias syriaca, Fallopia x bohemica, Solidago gigantea) on seed germination

2018 ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
Arnold Szilágyi ◽  
László Radócz ◽  
Tamás Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Asclepias Syriaca ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Solidago Gigantea ◽  
Woolly Cupgrass ◽  
Eriochloa Villosa

The aim of this study was to determine the allelopathic potential of invasive species woolly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa), common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca), bohemian knotweed (Fallopia x bohemica), and giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Ait.) on germination crop (Lepidium sativum L.). Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions to determine effect of water extracts in petri dish bioassay. Water extracts from fresh biomass (leaves and stem) of invasive weeds in concentrations of 4 and 8 g/100 ml were investigated. All invasive plants showed allelopathic effect on germination. In giant goldenrod stem water extract experiment, allelopathic effect was less pronounced. The cress germination was greatly suppressed with the woolly cupgrass, common milkweed and the giant goldenrod. The experiment showed that the seed germination depended on the concentrations and the plant material used (leaves and stem).

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF KIGELIA AFRICANA (LAM.) BENTH. EXTRACTS ON TM3 LEYDIG CELLS

2019 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
NELISIWE PRENATE MASUKU ◽  
SOGOLO LUCKY LEBELO
Keyword(s):  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Acetone Extracts

Objective: The study reports the effects of acetone, methanol, and aqueous Kigelia africana extracts on the TM3 Leydig cells. Methods: The total phenolic contents were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu’s method. Antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl assay and flavonoid content assessed using quercetin as standard. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed. Results: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were analyzed. Acetone extracts showed highest total phenolic content (105±3.65 mg gallic acid equivalent [GAE]/g) followed by methanol extracts (10.64±0.32 mg GAE/g) and, last, the water extract with the total phenolic content of 4.27±0.65 mg GAE/g. The same trend was observed with total flavonoid content where results recorded for acetone, methanol, and water extracts were 3.63 ±0.20 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QE), 0.16±0.01 mg QE/g, and 0.01±0.00 mg QE/g, respectively. The three extracts showed lower IC50 values compared to ascorbic acid (0.143±0.05 mg/ml, 0.023±0.004 mg/l, and 0.043±0.03 mg/ml for acetone, methanol, and water extracts, respectively). At 0.5 mg/ml of acetone extract, there was an increase in the testosterone production compared to the control. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that K. africana could be recommended for use in the treatment of male infertility.

Virulence and genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum and resistance of local common bean germplasm to anthracnose in Pernambuco State, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria da Conceição Martiniano-Souza ◽  
Maria Celeste Gonçalves-Vidigal ◽  
Antonio Félix da Costa ◽  
Pedro Soares Vidigal Filho ◽  
Vanusa da Silva Ramos Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts for Suppressing Bipolaris sorokiniana in Wheat Seed

2010 ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Rokshana Panna ◽  
FM Aminuzzaman ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
MHM Borhannuddin Bhuyan
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Black Cumin Seed

Studies were conducted in the Seed Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to evaluate some indigenous plant extracts on the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat and seed germination. Seed treated with plant extracts reduced the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana. The lowest incidence was counted (12.33%) in seeds treated with Burmuda grass extracts (1:2W/V). While the highest seed germination (99.60%) was recorded in seeds treated with this grass extract followed by 99.33% germination in seeds treated with Neem leaf extract (1:2W/V), 98.00% with nut sedge grass rhizome extract (1:2 W/V), 87.67% with Allamanda leaf extract (1:2W/V). Comparatively the lowest incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana (14.00%) was observed in seeds treated with Neem leaf extracts (1:2W/V) followed by 14.50% in seeds treated with Nut sedge grass rhizome extracts (1:2W/V), Black cumin seed extracts (15.20%) and Allamanda leaf extract (24.00%).

scholarly journals Antioxidant properties of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of mushroom Ganoderma lucidum

2011 ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Klaus ◽  
Maja Kozarski ◽  
Miomir Niksic
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Medicinal Mushrooms ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Hot Water Extract

Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.:Fr.) Karst is one of the medicinal mushrooms, which possesses enviable antioxidant properties. Objective of this investigation was to evaluate antioxidant activity, reducing power, scavenging abilities on 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and chelating effects on ferrous ions of hot water extracts obtained from carpophore and spores of this mushroom. Hot water extract from carpophore (Gl-I) showed high antioxidant activity of 85.7 ? 0.7%, at 10 mg/ml, while antioxidant activity of hot water extract from spores (Gl-Is) was 9.2 ? 0.3% at 10 mg/ml. Reducing power of Gl-I reached a plateau of 3.4 ? 0.1 at 20 mg/ml, and 0.3 ? 0.0 at 20 mg/ml for Gl-Is. At 10 mg/ml, scavenging ability on DPPH radicals of Gl-I increased to 96.8 ? 2.5%, whereas Gl-Is scavenged DPPH radicals by 69.6 ? 2.5% at 10 mg/ml. Gl-I chelated 81.6 ? 3.6 % of ferrous ions at 20 mg/ml, while the chelating effect of Gl-Is was 73.8 ? 1.7%. The antioxidative activities of hot water extracts from carpophore and spores of the mushroom G. lucidum were concentration dependent and increased with an increase in the concentration.

Inhibitory Activity of Extracts from Mycelia Materials of Several Mushrooms on the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3541-3544
Author(s):  
Pei Sheng Yan ◽  
Xiu Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Angiotensin I ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ace Inhibitory

ACE inhibitory activities of water extracts from mycelia of 6 kinds of mushrooms in liquid fermentation were investigated. All strains cultivated in shaking flask containing liquid medium, and yield of mycelia ranged from 0.051 to 1.392 g mycelia/day/L liquid medium in average. Resulting mycelia were extracted with distilled water at 50°Cfor 200 min, and the yield of water extracts from mycelia ranged from 287.475 to 490.088 mg/g dried mycelia. These water extracts were used to assay their ACE inhibitory activity. Results showed that their IC50 values ranged from 1.277 to 5.250 mg/ml. The difference among IC50 values of these water extracts were significant (p<0.05 or p<0.001). Lactarius camphorates (IC50: 1.646±0.061mg/mL) was the specie which had relatively lower IC50 value than others, as well as relatively higher water extract yield. The results highlighted the potential for making antihypertensive functional foods or drugs from liquid cultured mycelia of Lactarius camphorates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document