Diurnal vertical and seasonal changes in non-structural carbohydrates in Marandu palisade grass

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Leite De Oliveira ◽  
J. M. D. Sanchez ◽  
J. M. B. Vendramini ◽  
C. G. Lima ◽  
P. H. C. Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

AbstractForage is the primary feed source for livestock in tropical regions and energy is one of the most important nutrients for ruminant nutrition. The effects of harvest management of Marandu palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) on non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations were evaluated. A plot (Experiment 1) and a greenhouse study (Experiment 2) were conducted in 2013–14. In Experiment 1, treatments were the factorial arrangement of two harvest times and two vertical canopy layers (upper and intermediate), distributed in a completely randomized design with five replicates. In Experiment 2, treatments were the factorial arrangement of six harvest times and two morphological fractions (leaf blade and pseudostem). In both experiments, NSC concentration increased during the day. Upper and intermediate canopy layers had greater NSC concentration at 15.00 than 06.00 h during spring and summer. In addition, the magnitude of NSC increase was greater in the upper than intermediate canopy layer and in spring than summer. Marandu palisade grass shows greater digestibility in the afternoon than morning, representing an opportunity to optimize energy concentration through harvest management.

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE NITROGEN FIXATION ABILITIES OF NEWLY DEVELOPED PHASEOLUS VULGARIS LINES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 662e-662
Author(s):  
Dyremple B. Marsh ◽  
Wayne McLaughlin ◽  
James S. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Kidney Beans ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Red Kidney Bean ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Methods to improve the grain yield of red kidney bean without the addition of commercially fixed nitrogen will have significant benefits to farmers in Jamaica and other tropical regions. Red kidney beans provide a major portion of the dietary protein for most families in these regions. Our experimental objective was to evaluate the nitrogen fixing capabilities of several breeding lines of Phaseolus vulgaris when inoculated with Rhizobium strains isolated from Jamaican soils. Surface sterilized seeds of 11 Phaseolus lines were inoculated with inoculum prepared from 5 day old Rhizobium YEM mixture. Rhizobium used were T2 and B17 from Jamaica and UMR 1889. The greenhouse study was arranged as a completely randomized design. Bean lines 9056-101, 9056-98B, 8954-5 and 8954-4 showed improved nodulation and N2 fixation when inoculated with UMR 1899. The combination of breeding line 8954-5 and Rhizobium strain B17 produced the highest nodule number and shoot dry weight of 193 and 0.72 g, respectively. The Rhizobium strain B17showed some ability to compete successfully for nodule sites against known effective strains.

scholarly journals Performance of perisel as shelter and periphyton substrate in the floating cage of vanname shrimp culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Rifka Liling Palinggi ◽  
Tatag Budiardi ◽  
Daniel Djokosetiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Shrimp culture in the floating cage is expected to reduce the utilization of land and its possible negative impact to the environment. The advantages of shrimp farming in the sea include the high dissolved oxygen concentration and the better meat quality. This research aimed to enhance the production performance of shrimp through the utilization of periphyton as a natural feed for shrimp. A completely randomized design with 3 treatments (in triplicates) were applied in this experiment, i.e floating cage without perishel (control), floating cage with PE perishel and PA perishel. Shrimp with body weight of 2.5 ± 0.2 g were stocked at the initial density of 2,000 shrimp in each cage, and maintained for 90 days. No significant difference was observed in the survival amongst treatments. The lowest feed conversion ratio (1.74) and coefficient of variance (3.21) were showed in treatment PA. The highest attachment and abundances of periphyton were found in treatment PA. It was concluded that the addition of perishel inside the floating cage may contribute as natural feed source for the shrimp and thus increase the production performance of shrimp. Keywords: floating cage, Litopenaeus vannamei, periphyton, perisel, shelter ABSTRAK Budidaya udang di KJA diharapkan dapat menekan isu pemanfaatan daratan sebagai tambak yang berdampak pada permasalahan lingkungan. Keunggulan laut untuk budidaya udang, antara lain adalah kadar oksigen terlarut relatif tinggi sehingga tidak perlu kincir, dan mutu daging udang yang dihasilkan relatif lebih baik. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja produksi dan memanfaatkan kesuburan perairan laut berupa perifiton sebagai pakan alami bagi udang. Penelitian ini terdiri atas tiga perlakuan, yakni: (A) kontrol (tanpa perishel), (B) jaring benang nilon (PE), dan (C) jaring benang serabut pendek (PA 6.6), masing-masing perlakuan terdiri dari tiga ulangan. Udang dengan bobot 2,5 ± 0,2 g ditebar sebanyak 2.000 ekor perwadah, dan dipelihara selama 90 hari. Hasil analisis kinerja produksi menunjukkan bahwa kelangsungan hidup tidak berbeda nyata antarperlakuan. Nilai konversi pakan terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan jaring benang PA dengan nilai 1,74. Nilai koefisien keragaman terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan jaring benang PA dengan nilai 3,21. Penempelan dan kepadatan perifiton yang cukup baik diperoleh pada jenis perishel jaring benang serabut pendek PA. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan penambahan perishel sebagai shelter dan penumbuh perifiton diperoleh hasil produksi yang baik. Udang dapat memanfaatkan keberadaan perishel dalam wadah pemeliharaan sebagai tempat berlindung dan memperoleh makanan tambahan berupa pakan alami yang menempel pada perishel. Kata kunci: karamba jaring apung, perifiton, perisel, selter, udang vaname

scholarly journals Effect of Cirripedia sp. Flour As Subtitutional Feed Source of Protein Against Dried Disease and Organic Material Rabbit Rain Type Rex

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bodhi Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari ◽  
Mohammad Anam Al Arif ◽  
Ragil Angga Prastiya ◽  
Faisal Fikri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The Difference

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Cirripedia sp. flour as feed substitution of protein source in feed on the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in 100 male rex broilers. The research was experimental by using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. Substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour respectively in feed were 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% given for four weeks. Data collection was carried out in the fourth week (for seven days) which included consumption data, manure weight and analysis of treatment feed and manure analysis. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and the difference between treatments was determined by the Duncan test. The results showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) and that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) on the digestibility of rex broilers. This shows that the substitution of Cirripedia sp. flour in feed can replace animal protein sources in fish meal in complete feed rabbits.Key words : Cirripedia sp, digestibility, feed subtitution, flour, rabbit.

scholarly journals Qualidade Física e Fisiológica de Sementes Comercializadas de Capim-Colonião em Campo Grande - MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-11
Author(s):  
Silvia Rahe Pereira ◽  
Adriana Paula D’Agostini Contreiras-Rodrigues ◽  
Daiane Rodrigues Oliveira ◽  
Valdemir Antônio Laura ◽  
Daniela Aparecida Dalla-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Value ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Maximum Expression ◽  
Tetrazolium Test

O Centro-Oeste brasileiro representa a região brasileira com maior área e produção de sementes de Megathyrsus maximus, uma gramínea muito utilizada para a formação de pastagens em regiões tropicais do Brasil e outros países da América. Objetivou-se no presente estudo diagnosticar a qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de três cultivares da espécie M. maximus (Mombaça, BRS Tamani e BRS Zuri) comercializadas por diferentes empresas de Campo Grande (MS). Os experimentos foram conduzidos utilizando-se sementes da safra 2017-2018 em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 6, avaliando-se três cultivares e seis procedências. As variáveis analisadas foram: pureza física, peso de mil sementes, primeira contagem do teste de germinação, germinação, valor cultural e teste de tetrazólio. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que, com exceção de um lote da cultivar Mombaça, os demais lotes das três cultivares da espécie Megathyrsus maximus (Mombaça, BRS Tamani e BRS Zuri), de todas as procedências avaliadas, apresentaram qualidade física e fisiológica compatível com a comercialização em função da legislação vigente. No entanto, é possível encontrar lotes com qualidade distinta no mercado de Campo Grande. Assim, a escolha adequada da procedência (empresa) vai garantir a expressão máxima do potencial genético, subsidiada por processos adequados de produção e pós-colheita. Palavras-chave: Megathyrsus Mombaça. Gramíneas Tropicais. Teste de Germinação. Teste de Tetrazólio. Valor Cultural.   Abstract Brazilian's Midwest represents the region with the largest area and production of Megathyrsus maximus seeds, a grass widely used for the pastures formation in tropical regions of Brazil and other countries in America.The objective of this study was to diagnose the physical and physiological quality of seeds of three cultivars of the species Megathyrsus maximus (Mombaça, BRS Tamani and BRS Zuri) commercialized by different companies of Campo Grande (MS). The experiments were conducted using seeds of the 2017-2018 harvest, in a completely randomized design, using a factorial scheme 3 x 6, with three species and six sources, totaling 18 treatments. The variables analyzed were: physical purity, weight of one thousand seeds, first count of germination test, germination, cultural value and tetrazolium. The results showed that with the exception of one lot of cultivar Mombaça, the other lots of the three cultivars of species Megathyrsus maximus (Mombasa, BRS Tamani and BRS Zuri), of all provenances, have compatible physical and physiological quality with marketing in accordance with current legislation. However, it is possible to find lots of different quality in the Campo Grande market. Thus, the appropriate choice of source (company) will guarantee the maximum expression of genetic potential, subsidized by adequate production and post-harvest processes. Keywords: Megathyrsus mombaça. Tropical Grasses. Germination Test. Tetrazolium Test. Cultural Value.

scholarly journals Physiological response of marandu grass seeds exposed to NPK fertilizer

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane da Cunha Codognoto ◽  
Thassiane Telles Conde ◽  
Kátia Luciene Maltoni ◽  
Glaucia Amorim Faria ◽  
André Rodrigues dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Seed Mixture ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

ABSTRACT: To facilitate seeding process of forage species, a common practice is to mix seeds with fertilizers in monocropping and intercropping or in implementing integrated livestock production systems. However, in prolonged periods of contact, the fertilizer’s salinity and acidity negatively affect the seeds’ physiological quality. Therefore, this study intends to verify the effect of ten periods (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours) of exposure to granular NPK fertilizer 04-30-16 on the vigor and germination of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu seeds. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replication. The fertilizer and seed mixture registered a negative effect on seed moisture content, electrical conductivity, emergence, emergence speed index, and seedling and radicle length as the period of exposure to the fertilizer increased from 3 to 120 hours.

scholarly journals Fitorremediation of contaminated soil with 2,4-D + picloram in Eastern Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e59110414372
Author(s):  
Jéssica Paloma Pinheiro da Silva ◽  
Sandra Andréa Santos da Silva ◽  
Douglas Pereira Ferreira ◽  
Samia Cristina de Lima Lisboa ◽  
Rainerio Meireles da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Two Stages

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa in phytoremediation of soil treated with 2,4-D + picloram herbicide, using Raphanus sativus Crimson Gigante as a bioindicator plant. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design in two stages. In the first stage the treatments were: cultivation of U. brizantha and P. maximum treated with and without the herbicide dose, with five replications. In the second stage, the treatments consisted of cultivating R. sativus in soil: free of herbicide residue; and soil contaminated with cultivation: prior to U. brizantha; P. maximum; and without previous cultivation of grass, with five replications. The units were treated with the herbicide, individually in pre-emergence, after 15 days the grasses were sown. After 50 days, forages were harvested and segregated in aerial and root parts, analyzing fresh and dry biomass (g) and height (cm). After removing phytoremediation plants, R. sativus was transplanted, evaluating visual phytotoxicity at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after emergence (DAE) and at 20 DAE, the accumulation of green and dry matter (g), height (cm). The evaluated grasses have phytoremediation characteristics for auxinic herbicides; R. sativus can be used as a bioindicator of the herbicide 2,4-D + picloram; the evaluated period was not enough to fully remove the effects of the herbicide.

scholarly journals Potential of Grasses in Phytolith Production in Soils Contaminated with Cadmium

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Múcio Mágno de Melo Farnezi ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva ◽  
Lauana Lopes dos Santos ◽  
Alexandre Christofaro Silva ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Grass Growth

Cadmium (Cd) is a very toxic heavy metal occurring in places with anthropogenic activities, making it one of the most important environmental pollutants. Phytoremediation plants are used for recovery of metal-contaminated soils by their ability to absorb and tolerate high concentrations of heavy metals. This paper aims to evaluate the potential of grasses in phytolith production in soils contaminated with Cd. The experiments, separated by soil types (Typic Quartzipsamment, Xanthic Hapludox and Rhodic Hapludox), were conducted in a completely randomized design with a distribution of treatments in a 3 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. The factors were three grasses (Urochloa decumbens, Urochloa brizantha and Megathyrsus maximus) and four concentrations of Cd applied in soils (0, 2, 4 and 12 mg kg−1). Grass growth decreased and increased Cd concentration in shoots of grasses with the increased Cd rates in soils. The toxic effect of Cd resulted in production and Cd occlusion in phytoliths produced in shoots of the grasses. Grasses showed potential for phytolith production, independent of soil type, providing phytoextraction of Cd in phytoliths. Megathyrsus maximus was the grass with the highest tolerance to Cd, evidenced by higher production and Cd capture in phytoliths for the evaluated soils. Phytolith production by grasses in Cd-contaminated soils is related to genetic and physiological differences of the evaluated grasses and Cd availability in soils.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Urochloa brizantha: symbiosis and spore multiplication

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisângela Viana Barbosa ◽  
Daniela de Fátima Pedroso ◽  
Flavio Araujo Pinto ◽  
Jessé Valentim dos Santos ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may exhibit distinct behaviors when associated with the same species of host plant, being necessary to understand their ecology, in order to optimize their management and maintenance in germplasm bank. This study aimed to evaluate different AMF associated with Urochloa brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf by analyzing the symbiosis establishment time, spore multiplication and production of glomalin-related soil protein. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 6 x 5 arrangement (five AMF species, non-inoculated control treatment and five evaluation times). The following aspects were analyzed: plant growth, spore multiplication, mycorrhizal colonization and glomalin production. The highest number of spores occurred for Acaulospora longula and A. colombiana, exhibiting the highest mycorrhizal colonization at 76 days. The inoculation favored the root growth of U. brizantha at 15 days of cultivation, plant height and root dry matter at 60 days and shoot dry matter at 90 days, especially for the Acaulospora species. The inoculation with A. colombiana, A. longula and Paraglomus occultum resulted in increased glomalin at 120 days. Gigaspora margarita and P. occultum did not reach the maximum colonization and spore multiplication, indicating that a period of time longer than 120 days of cultivation is necessary.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of stockpiled Marandu, Piatã, Xaraés and Paiaguás brachiariagrass cultivars

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421
Author(s):  
M.E.R. Santos ◽  
I.C. Ferreira ◽  
B.H.R. Carvalho ◽  
G.O. Rocha ◽  
G.S. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Appearance Rate ◽  
Leaf Appearance Rate ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Leaf Appearance

ABSTRACT The objective this study was to identify differences in the morphogenic patterns of four Urochloa brizantha cultivars (marandu, piatã, xaraés and paiaguás grasses) during the stockpiling period. A completely randomized design was used, with three replications, in experimental plots of 9m². The evaluations took place over 2 years. The grasses were stockpiled for 92 (Year 1) and 95 (Year 2) days. The leaf appearance rate of paiaguás grass was higher, compared to other grasses. In Year 1, the stem elongation rate of xaraés grass was higher than other grasses. At the end of stockpiling period of Year 1, the tiller population density (TPD) was higher in the paiaguás grass, intermediate in the xaraés and marandu grasses and lower in the piatã grass. At the end of the stockpiling period in Year 2, TPD was higher in the paiaguás grass canopy, intermediate in the marandu and piatã grasses canopies, and lower in the xaraés grass canopy. Paiaguás grass has greater leaf growth during the stockpiling period and is therefore suitable for use under stockpiled grazing. Xaraés grass has high stem elongation during the stockpiling period, which is why its use under stockpiled grazing must be accompanied by adjustments in pasture management.

scholarly journals Urochloa brizantha Interference in the Phaseolus vulgaris Radicular System Fertilized with Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.F. FREITAS ◽  
J.C. MACIEL ◽  
M.M. SILVA ◽  
J.B. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Root System ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

ABSTRACT: Interference between root systems occurs below the ground surface long before the competition between plants is expressed in the shoot. Nutrients stand out for being limited in the soil, requiring supplementation, especially phosphorus. Thus, this study aimed at estimating, from sowing, visual characteristics in the root systems of bean plants from the Carioca variety (Phaseolus vulgaris) when in competition with brachiaria (Urochloa brizantha), considering also the application of phosphorus P2O5. A factorial design with six treatments was used resulting from the combination of three cultivation schemes (beans in isolated crops or in competition with one or two brachiaria plants), and the application or not of phosphate fertilizer (90 kg ha-1 of P2O5), in a completely randomized design with four replications. After the sowing of the species, the visualization results were taken at every 12 hours, by means of the photographic record of the development of the root system in rhizotrons. Greater growth and greater total area of the root system were observed in bean monocultures and when competing with one brachiaria plant in the presence of phosphate fertilization. In contrast, the bean plant in the container with two brachiaria plants invested its resources in greater length and total area of the root system when in the absence of the fertilizer. It can be stated that there is evidence of interference starting three days after the sowing of the species.

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