Biological effects of milk proteins and their peptides with emphasis on those related to the gastrointestinal ecosystem

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (S1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Baldi ◽  
Politis Ioannis ◽  
Pecorini Chiara ◽  
Fusi Eleonora ◽  
Chronopoulou Roubini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Immunomodulatory Peptides ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Latent Activity

The protein fraction of milk contains several components with physiological significance for the development of the newborn. Among them, immunomodulatory peptides and lactoferrin exemplify the complexity of biologically active substances of milk. Immunomodulatory peptides have latent activity within the native protein and are generated after proteolysis during gastrointestinal transit. Once they are generated, they modulate mucosal immunity, possibly by guiding the local immune system until it develops its full functionality. Lactoferrin is another milk bioactive compound with nutritional and health promoting properties; it modulates the microbial intestinal environment, displays anti-microbial activity against various pathogens and stimulates the establishment of beneficial microflora. The following overview focuses on the importance of immunomodulatory peptides and lactoferrin for the maturation of intestine and immune system that are functionally immature in the newborn.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds, Antioxidant Activity, and Biological Effects of European Cranberry (Vaccinium oxycoccos)

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tunde Jurikova ◽  
Sona Skrovankova ◽  
Jiri Mlcek ◽  
Stefan Balla ◽  
Lukas Snopek
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
American Cranberry ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Active Substances

Lesser known fruits or underutilized fruit species are recently of great research interest due to the presence of phytochemicals that manifest many biological effects. European cranberry, Vaccinium oxycoccos fruit, as an important representative of this group, is a valuable source of antioxidants and other biologically active substances, similar to American cranberry (V. macrocarpon) which is well known and studied. European cranberry fruit is rich especially in polyphenolic compounds anthocyanins (12.4–207.3 mg/100 g fw), proanthocyanins (1.5–5.3 mg/100 g fw), and flavonols, especially quercetin (0.52–15.4 mg/100 g fw), which mostly contribute to the antioxidant activity of the fruit. Small cranberry is also important due to its various biological effects such as urinary tract protection (proanthocyanidins), antibacterial and antifungal properties (quercetin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins), cardioprotective (proanthocyanidins) and anticancer activities (proanthocyanidins), and utilization in food (juice drinks, jams, jellies, sauces, additive to meat products) and pharmacological industries, and in folk medicine.

Platelets – an important element of the immune system

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Trzeciak-Ryczek ◽  
B. Tokarz-Deptuła ◽  
W. Deptuła
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Monocytes And Lymphocytes

Abstract Platelets are anucleate cells derived from the megakaryocyte series, and have long been considered only as cells responsible for coagulation and the fibrinolysis process. However, recently more data shows that they are also effector cells in the inflammatory response and important elements of the immunological response. Platelets store and release many biologically active substances, including growth factors, cytokines and chemokines (tab. 1), which actively affect i.a. elements of the immune system, and thus become regulators of immunity and mediators of inflammatory response. Their impact on the immune system cells is also associated with the induction of leucocytes and progenitor cells to the site of pathogen permeation or vascular injury inflow, as well as endothelial cells. Interacting with neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, they not only activate them, but also form platelet-leukocyte aggregates that immobilise pathogens and prevent their spreading. Furthermore, platelets are capable of absorbing pathogens, affecting anti-infection immunity of the system. It is also assumed that the presence of receptors on their surface, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), affects their initiation and activity of the immunological response.

COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE FOAMING PROPERTIES OF COMPLEXES BASED ON MAIN MILK PROTEINS AND HYDROPHOBIC BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 302-304
Author(s):  
A.P. Komarova ◽  
S.A. Chebotarev ◽  
D.V. Zelikina ◽  
A.S. Antipova ◽  
E.I. Martirosova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Sodium Caseinate ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Foaming Properties ◽  
Active Substances

Foaming properties were studied for the complexes of milk proteins (sodium caseinate or whey protein isolate) with hydrophobic biologically active substances (phosphatidylcholine, fish oil and essential oil of clove bud).

scholarly journals Two Faces of Milk Proteins Peptides with Both Allergenic and Multidimensional Health Beneficial Impact—Integrated In Vitro/In Silico Approach

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Ogrodowczyk ◽  
Ivan Dimitrov ◽  
Barbara Wróblewska
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Multidimensional Health

The main food-origin antigens that the infant’s body is in contact with are cow’s milk proteins (CMP). Still, CMP are one of the main sources of beneficial biologically active peptides that play a role in treatment of non-communicable diseases. Safe methods to quickly predict the sensitizing potential of food proteins among their range of health-promoting properties are essential. The aim of study was to adapt an integrated approach combining several in silico (IS) studies and in vitro (IV) assays to screen the multifunctionality of CMP-derived peptides. Major histocompatability complex type II MHC II-binders, interleukin-4 and -10 inducers, interferon γ -inducers and immunobioactivity tools were used to predict the peptide-power of inducing allergies or tolerance. A comparison of the peptide profiless revealed the presence of one identical and one overlapping sequence in IS and IV hydrolysate. By IS analysis, four of 24 peptides were found to have high affinity and stimulate IL-4 expression, and by IV, one of seven peptides had this potential (Bos d9 peptide DIPNPIGSENSEK (195–208)). Three IV peptides may induce IL-10 expression. The IV/IS assessment seems promising agents for peptides’ potential determination dedicated only to preliminary screening of peptides. The IV verification is still crucial in further steps of studies.

scholarly journals Biochemical composition of tomato fruits of various colors

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-527
Author(s):  
A. B. Kurina ◽  
A. E. Solovieva ◽  
I. A. Khrapalova ◽  
A. M. Artemyeva
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Selection Of

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is an economically important and widely cultivated vegetable crop that is consumed both fresh and processed. The nutritional value of tomato fruits is related to the content of carotenoids, polyphenols, sugars, organic acids, minerals and vitamins. Currently, there is a growing interest in the qualitative and quantitative increase in the content of health-promoting compounds in tomato fruits. VIR Lycopersicon (Tourn.) Mill. genetic resources collection includes 7678 accessions of one cultivated and nine wild species, which in turn provides ample opportunities for searching for information on the variability of the content of biologically active substances and searching for sources with a high content of them in the gene pool. Our work presents the results of the study of 70 accessions of cultivated and wild tomato on the main biochemical characteristics: the content of dry matter, ascorbic acid, sugars, carotenoids, chlorophylls and anthocyanins. As the basis for the selection of accessions for the study, accessions with various colors of fruits, including new accessions with varying content of anthocyanin, were taken. As a result of this study, the amplitude of variability in the content of dry matter (3.72–8.88 and 9.62–11.33 %), sugars (1.50–5.65 and 2.20–2.70 %), ascorbic acid (12.40–35.56 and 23.62– 28.14 mg/100 g), titratable acidity (0.14–0.46 and 0.33–0.48 %), chlorophylls (0.14–5.11 and 2.95–4.57 mg/100 g), carotenoids (0.97–99.86 and 1.03–10.06 mg/100 g) and anthocyanins (3.00–588.86 and 84.31–152.71 mg/100 g) in the fruits of cultivated and wild tomatoes, respectively, was determined. We have determined correlations between the content of dry matter and monosaccharides (r = 0.40, p ≤ 0.05), total sugars (r = 0.37, p ≤ 0.05) and ascorbic acid (r = 0.32, p ≤ 0.05); the content of ascorbic acid and carotenoids (r = 0.25, p ≤ 0.05). A high dependence of the content of chlorophyll a and b among themselves (r = 0.89, p ≤ 0.05), as well as between the content of chlorophyll b and anthocyanins (r = 0.47, p ≤ 0.05), the content of β-carotene (r = 0.26, p ≤ 0.05) and the content of monosaccharides (r = –0.29, p ≤ 0.05) has been noted. We have identif ied tomato accessions with a high content of individual chemical substances, as well as with a complex of traits that can be used as sources in breeding for a high content of dry matter, sugars, ascorbic acid, pigments and anthocyanins.

scholarly journals Application of drone brood in rational nutrition and apitherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-203
Author(s):  
D. V. Mitrofanov ◽  
N. V. Budnikova ◽  
A. Z. Brandorf
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Bee Colony ◽  
Drone Brood ◽  
Active Substances

Drone brood is a collection of developing individuals (larvae, prepupae and pupae) of drones - males of a bee colony. Drone brood is used to produce a homogenate, which is stabilized in one way or another to achieve optimal preservation of biologically active substances. Interest in drone brood as a rich source of macro- and micronutrients is steadily increasing. The purpose of this review is to summarize the collected data on the use of drone brood in rational nutrition and apitherapy. The indicators of the quality and safety of drone brood are reviewed, the requirements of regulatory documents for products based on it are given. The necessity of strict adherence to the storage conditions of the drone brood homogenate is shown, in case of violation of which there is a rapid deterioration of the homogenate. This necessitates stabilization of the drone brood, which makes it possible to preserve its properties with lower requirements for storage conditions. The groups of nutrients that make up the drone brood and determine its biological activity and directions of application are given. Among them are lipids, including phospholipids and unique decenoic acids, proteins, peptides and amino acids, substances containing sulfhydryl groups, flavonoid and other phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, steroid substances, including hormones and hormone-like compounds, mineral elements. Products based on drone brood and biological effects of their use are described: actoprotective, anabolic, immunomodulatory, endocrinotropic, neurotropic, nutritional and cosmetic. The analyzed data indicate the high relevance of the further introduction of drone brood preparations into nutritional and apitherapeutic practice, which will serve as a tool for correcting the diet of a modern person suffering from a disease of civilization, largely associated with a violation of the ratio and amount of nutrients in the diet.

scholarly journals What Function Do Platelets Play in Inflammation and Bacterial and Viral Infections?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Tokarz-Deptuła ◽  
Joanna Palma ◽  
Łukasz Baraniecki ◽  
Michał Stosik ◽  
Roman Kołacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents the function of platelets in inflammation as well as in bacterial and viral infections, which are the result of their reaction with the endovascular environment, including cells of damaged vascular endothelium and cells of the immune system. This role of platelets is conditioned by biologically active substances present in their granules and in their specific structures – EV (extracellular vesicles).

Modern Technologies of Controlled Release of Biologically Active Substances in Pharmaceutical Research and Development (Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
E. I. Savelieva
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Peptide Drugs ◽  
Implementation Time ◽  
Modified Forms ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Modern Technologies

Introduction. The review describes various systems used as inclusion matrices or modifiers of biologically active substances to enhance their absorption or deposition and subsequent release, both continuous or «on demand», i.e. in response to a stimulus.Text. Technologies for the incorporation of active substances into cyclodextrin nanoaggregates are developed to the greatest extent. Such technologies were used to obtain modified forms of hydrocortisone, glibenclamide, and a number of peptide drugs. Acetylcysteine immobilized on ethyl cellulose or other polymer particles significantly increases the bioavailability of peptide drugs on their intranasal administration. The deposition of active substances in the body takes place by way of their delayed controlled dissolution, adsorption, encapsulation, or esterification. The release of deposited substances upon exposure to an endogenous (change in pH, temperature) or external (exposure to ultrasound, electric or magnetic field, chemical activators) stimulus can be single or multiple, depending on the ability of the accommodating matrix for self-aggregation.Conclusion. Self-aggregated peptides are most promising for stimulus-induced release/delivery of biologically active substances. Modern technologies for the modification of active substances increase the efficiency of their administration and favor targeted location and implementation time of biological effects.

scholarly journals Immunomodulating and anticancer properties of fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Kopczyński
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Active Substances

Fungi contain a number of biologically active substances whose importance for human health has been confirmed in several studies. In particular, β-glucans, selenium, vitamin D, C and E should be mentioned. These substances play an important role in shaping the immune system and prevent cancer. β-Glucans reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and lower the cholesterol level.

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