scholarly journals Effect of beta-lactoglobulin polymorphism and seasonality on bovine milk composition

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno G Botaro ◽  
Ygor V R Lima ◽  
Adriana A Aquino ◽  
Raquel H R Fernandes ◽  
José F Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The objective was to evaluate the effect of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) polymorphism and seasonality on milk composition (fat, lactose, total solids, milk urea nitrogen, total protein, true protein, casein and somatic cell counts) of Holstein and Girolando cows. Milk and blood samples from 278 Holsteins cows and 156 Girolando cows were taken during two dry seasons and two rainy seasons, for milk composition analysis and to determine β-lg genotypes, respectively. BB genotype was the most frequent for both breeds, followed by AA genotype for Holstein (BB>AA>AB) and by AB for Girolando cows (BB>AB>AA). No differences were found in milk compositional characteristics among genetic variants of β-lg (AA, AB and BB) either between Holstein or Girolando cows. No association between milk composition and β-lg genetic polymorphism was observed. During the dry season, independently of the breed considered, higher contents of lactose, true protein, casein and casein:true protein ratio were found.

scholarly journals Effect of the kappa-casein gene polymorphism, breed and seasonality on physicochemical characteristics, composition and stability of bovine milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 2447-2454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Garcia Botaro ◽  
Ygor Vinícius Real de Lima ◽  
Cristina Simões Cortinhas ◽  
Luís Felipe Prada e Silva ◽  
Francisco Palma Rennó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
True Protein

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphism of kappa-casein, breed and seasonality on the physicochemical characteristics, composition and stability of milk in commercial dairy herds. A total of 879 milk and blood samples were collected from 603 Holstein and 276 Girolando cows, obtained during rainy and dry seasons. Milk samples were analyzed to determine the physicochemical characteristics, composition and ethanol stability, while blood samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction to identify the kappa-casein genotype. The frequencies of genotypes AA, AB and BB of k-casein were respectively, 66.83, 31.84 and 1.33% for Holstein, and 71.38, 27.90 and 0.72% for the Girolando cows, respectively. The A allele was more frequent than the B allele, both for Holstein (0.827 and 0.173) and Girolando cows (0.853 and 0.147), respectively. Cows of AB and BB genotypes showed a higher milk fat content compared to the AA genotype. There was an interaction between breed and seasonality on the concentration of milk urea with higher values for Holstein and Girolando cows in the rainy and dry season, respectively. The levels of lactose, total solids, crude protein, true protein, casein and the casein:true protein ratio were higher during the dry season, while during the rainy season, the somatic cell count and milk urea concentration were higher. There was no association between milk stability and k-casein genotypes, but Holstein cows showed higher milk stability than Girolando cows, and milk was more stable during the rainy season than during the dry season.

scholarly journals Relationship between Temperament and Stage of Lactation, Productivity and Milk Composition of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1840
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Vesta Jonike ◽  
Vytenis Čukauskas ◽  
Danguolė Urbšienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Performance

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between temperament and milk performance in cows at different stages of lactation, describing their productivity, metabolic status and resistance to mastitis. This study showed that with increasing lactation, cows’ temperament indicators decreased (p < 0.001) and they became calmer. The highest temperament score on a five-point scale was found in cows between 45 and 100 days of lactation. In the group of pregnant cows, we found more cows (p = 0.005) with a temperament score of 1–2 compared with non-pregnant cows A normal temperament was usually detected in cows with lactose levels in milk of 4.60% or more and when the somatic cell count (SCC) values in cow milk were <100,000/mL and 100,000–200,000/mL, with a milk fat-to-protein ratio of 1.2. A larger number of more sensitive and highly aggressive cows was detected at a low milk urea level. In contrast to a positive phenotypic correlation (p < 0.05), this study showed a negative genetic correlation between the temperament of cows and milk yield (p < 0.001). Positive genetic correlations between temperament scores and milk somatic cells (p < 0.001) and milk fat-to-protein ratio (p < 0.05) were found to indicate a lower genetic predisposition in cows with a calmer temperament to subclinical mastitis and ketosis. On the other hand, the heritability of temperament (h2 = 0.044–0.100) showed that only a small part of the phenotypic changes in this indicator is associated with genetic factors.

Influence of source of rumen-degraded nitrogen on ruminal and whole tract digestion, plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations as well as milk yield and composition in dairy cows

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Robinson ◽  
G. de Boer ◽  
J. J. Kennelly
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Nonprotein Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Protein Feed

Fifteen multiparous and 10 primiparous cows in early lactation (parturition through 16 wk postpartum inclusive) were fed one of five totally mixed diets. Diets differed in the source of supplemental nitrogen with isonitrogenous substitution of canola meal (a rapidly rumen-degraded true protein source) by Barlein (a rapidly rumen degraded nonprotein nitrogen source). All diets were 40% whole crop oat silage and 60% concentrate on a dry matter basis. Rumen pH, ammonia N and lactate concentrations as well as in sacco rumen degradability of whole diet nitrogen were not influenced by treatment. These results appear to support the assumption that Barlein nitrogen was released in the rumen at a rate similar to that of canola meal protein. Feed intake and body weight change did not differ among treatments. However, milk yield declined linearly as substitution of canola meal with Barlein increased. Milk composition of fat, protein, and lactose were not influenced by treatment although milk urea concentrations increased as substitution of canola meal with Barlein increased. Data collected did not conclusively identify the mechanism for the reduced performance; however, it seems most likely it was the result of reduced rumen microbial growth and escape as substitution of canola meal with Barlein increased, leading to a deficiency in metabolizable protein supply. Key words: NPN, dairy cattle, protein

scholarly journals Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of milk from cows in different lactation stages and calving orders

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1963
Author(s):  
Mayara Leilane de Jesus Barreto ◽  
Adriano Henrique do Nascimento Rangel ◽  
Maria Helena Constantino Spyrides ◽  
Gelson Santos Difante ◽  
Dorgival Morais de Lima Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Physicochemical Composition ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Sensory Attribute ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Milk Urea

Knowledge of the variation in milk composition is essential for determining milk quality, which is defined by several organoleptic properties. This study evaluated the effect of lactation stage and calving order on the physicochemical composition and sensory characteristics of milk from primiparous and multiparous lactating dairy cows. Milk samples were collected monthly from December 2011 to May 2012. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (p &lt; 0.05). Milk production (PROD), somatic cell count (SCC), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) were significantly higher in multiparous cows, whereas the casein to total protein ratio (C/TP) was significantly higher in primiparous cows. All milk components except for non-fat dry solids (NDE) were significantly affected by lactation stage. Body condition score (BCS) was not affected by calving order or lactation stage. Color was the only sensory attribute affected by calving order. In conclusion, the physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of milk were affected by calving order and lactation stage.

Genetic variants of beta-lactoglobulin gene and its association with milk composition traits in riverine buffalo

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikas Vohra ◽  
Tarun Kumar Bhattacharya ◽  
Shanker Dayal ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar ◽  
Arjava Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
Fat Yield ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin ◽  
Conformation Polymorphism

A study was carried out to determine genetic variants of β-lactoglobulin gene and to explore associations between these and milk composition traits in riverine buffalo. Single strand conformation polymorphism was employed to detect the genetic variants of the gene. Two fragments of this gene i.e. 119 bp of exon I and 400 bp spanning exon IV and intron IV were included in the study. For 119 bp fragment, three alleles namely, A, B and C were observed in all the buffalo breeds whereas four alleles (A, B, C and D) were detected for 400 bp fragment. The frequency distribution of alleles was different in different breeds of buffaloes for both the fragments. For exon I fragment, the milk composition traits such as total SNF, protein, solid, fat and whey protein yield were found to be significantly (P<0·05) associated with genotypes in Murrah and Bhadawari buffalo whereas in Mehsana breed genotypes were significantly (P<0·05) co-related with total SNF, solid and fat yield. Genotypes of 400 bp fragment, only total fat yield in Mehsana buffalo was found to be significantly (P<0·05) associated with genotypes.

Effect of polymorphisms in the leptin, leptin receptor and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes and genetic polymorphism of milk proteins on bovine milk composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Glantz ◽  
Helena Lindmark Månsson ◽  
Hans Stålhammar ◽  
Marie Paulsson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Past ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

The relations between cow genetics and milk composition have gained a lot of attention during the past years, however, generally only a few compositional traits have been examined. The aim of this study was to determine if polymorphisms in the leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR) and acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes as well as genetic polymorphism of β-casein (β-CN), κ-CN and β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) impact several bovine milk composition traits. Individual milk samples from the Swedish Red and Swedish Holstein breeds were analyzed for components in the protein, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral profiles. Cow alleles were determined on the following SNP: A1457G, A252T, A59V and C963T on the LEP gene, T945M on the LEPR gene and Nt984+8(A-G) on the DGAT1 gene. Additionally, genetic variants of β-CN, κ-CN and β-LG were determined. For both the breeds, the same tendency of minor allele frequency was found for all SNPs and protein genes, except on LEPA1457G and LEPC963T. This study indicated significant (P<0·05) associations between the studied SNPs and several compositional parameters. Protein content was influenced by LEPA1457G (G>A) and LEPC963T (T>C), whereas total Ca, ionic Ca concentration and milk pH were affected by LEPA1457G, LEPA59V, LEPC963T and LEPRT945M. However, yields of milk, protein, CN, lactose, total Ca and P were mainly affected by β-CN (A2>A1) and κ-CN (A>B>E). β-LG was mainly associated with whey protein yield and ionic Ca concentration (A>B). Thus, this study shows possibilities of using these polymorphisms as markers within genetic selection programs to improve and adjust several compositional parameters.

scholarly journals Producción, calidad de leche y beneficio:costo de suplementar vacas holstein con Tithonia diversifolia

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Gallego Castro ◽  
Liliana Mahecha Ledesma ◽  
Joaquín Angulo Arizala
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
San Pedro ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Grazing Dairy Cows

The aim of this study was to analyze the milk production, quality and cost:benefit ratio the addition of three levels (0%, 15% and 25%) our of Tithonia diversifolia in the supplement of Holstein cows. In a bovine milk production system in a high tropic were used nine cows (70 to 120 milk days and parity two to ve). They were randomly assigned in three groups, which grazed on Kikuyo grass (Cenchrus clandestinus) in La Montaña farm, located in San Pedro de los Milagros, Antioquia, Colombia, at 2350 meters above sea level. This study was carried out during March 2015. At 56 days, T. diversifolia (wild sunflower) from a fodder bank located at 2456 masl was harvested, and dried using marquees ground for an approximate period of time of ten days, it was then minced and stored to prepare isoenergetics (1.8 Mcal NEL/kg) and isoproteics (14% CP) supplements. The study evaluated its effect on dry matter intake (DMI), corrected milk production (4% fat, FCM), milk composition (protein, fat, lactose, total solids, milk urea nitrogen –MUN), somatic cell count (SCC), produced milk: supplement intake and cost:benefit ratio. The results showed signi cant differences for the inclusion of 25% of T. diversifolia flour in the supplement for benefit:cost ratio, lactose, MUN, SCC and produced milk:supplement intake ratio, contrary to what happened with DMI, corrected 4% fat milk production, protein, fat and total solids that not differ. The addition of 25% of wild sunflower in the supplement for grazing dairy cows improved the milk quality in reference to lactose concentration, efficiency in the use of the supplement, cost:benefit ratio. 

Seasonal and lactational influences on bovine milk composition in New Zealand

1998 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTIN J. AULDIST ◽  
BRIAN J. WALSH ◽  
NORMAN A. THOMSON
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Solid Fat Content ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Time Of Year

This study was designed to evaluate the respective influences of stage of lactation (SOL) and time of year on the seasonal variation in milk composition for pasture-fed dairy cows in New Zealand. Four herds of ∼20 Friesian cows were used, one herd calving in a 6 week period beginning in each of January, April, July and October. Cows grazed rye-grass–white clover pasture only, except during June when all cows received supplementary pasture silage. Milk samples were collected from each cow in milk on four occasions during the year (September, December, March and June), to give a total of three samples per cow (early, mid and late lactation; about 30, 120 and 210 d respectively after calving). Samples were analysed for a detailed range of components. Concentrations of many milk components (e.g. total protein, fat, casein and whey protein) increased as lactation progressed; the extent of these increases depended on the time of year. These results indicated that spreading calving throughout the year would lessen seasonal variations in the gross composition of milk supplied to factories, leading to a more even distribution of product yield across the year. Despite this, variations in some important manufacturing properties were affected by time of year but not by SOL. Ratios of protein[ratio ]fat and casein: whey protein were not significantly affected by SOL, but were affected by time of year. The solid fat content of milk was also affected by time of year. Seasonal variations in the manufacturing properties of milk may be reduced but not eliminated by changing the time of calving.

scholarly journals Chosen biotic factors influencing raw cow milk freezing point

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
Yunhai Zhang ◽  
Marek Bjelka ◽  
Josef Kučera ◽  
Petr Roubal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Dairy Cow Nutrition

The milk freezing point depression (FPD) is important physical property. FPD is influenced by milk composition especially by components with osmotic pressure activity and by other physiological factors. There is possible to indicate a foreign (extraneous) water addition into milk by FPD. This is necessary to have a good estimated legislative FPD discrimination limit (FPD–L) for purpose of milk quality control. This paper was aimed at obtaining information to improve such estimation. Impacts factors as season variations, estimated state of dairy cow nutrition and some milk components and properties on milk FPD and their relations to FPD were quantified (n 11 540 – 72 607 bulk raw cow milk samples). The highest FPD was in Spring (−0.52097 ± 0.004877 °C), the lowest in Autumn (−0.52516 ± 0.005725 °C; P < 0.001). Correlation between FPD and lactose was 0.35 (P < 0.001). 12% and 5.4% of FPD variability is explainable by lactose and casein variability. Relationship between FPD and urea (U) was 0.26 (P < 0.001) in March. The worst FPD was in group with presupposed (according to milk urea and protein combination) nitrogen matter (NM) and energy (E) insufficiency (−0.51855 ± 0.007288 °C). The best FPD was in group with presupposed NM and E surplus in feeding ration (−0.52536 ± 0.004785 °C; P < 0.001). The FPD was worse in suspicion on E deficiency (on the basis of fat/crude protein ratio) as compared to presumption for balanced E nourishment of dairy herds (−0.52105 ± 0.006436 °C > −0.52244 ± 0.005367 °C; P < 0.001). Results can improve the estimation of objective FPD–L.

Thermal Inactivation of Escherichia coli in Camel Milk

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 1708-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHLOMO SELA ◽  
RIKY PINTO ◽  
UZI MERIN ◽  
BARUCH ROSEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Camel Milk ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Thermal Death ◽  
Milk Industry ◽  
Thermal Death Time

Camels subsist and produce milk in desert pastures not utilized by other domesticated herbivores. Developing the camel milk industry can improve the economy of desert inhabitants. To comply with sanitary ordinances, camel milk is pasteurized by procedures specified for bovine milk. It is widely accepted that milk composition might affect bacterial thermal death time (TDT). Camel and bovine milks markedly differ in their chemical composition, yet data regarding TDT values of bacteria in camel milk is missing. As a first step toward developing specific heat treatments appropriate for camel milk, TDT curves of Escherichia coli in artificially contaminated camel and cow milks have been compared. Heating the milks to temperatures ranging from 58 to 65°C yields similar thermal death curves and derived D- and z-values. These findings suggest that, in this temperature range, E. coli might behave similarly in bovine and camel milk. Additional TDT studies of various pathogenic species in camel milk are required before establishing pasteurization conditions of camel milk.

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