scholarly journals Incidence and importance of streptococci in an institution for rheumatic children

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Doxiadis ◽  
Sheila M. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Group A ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Hospital School

1. The incidence of haemolytic streptococci in the patients of a Hospital School for rheumatic children was determined over a period of 1 year.2. In the total of 1644 throat and 1644 nasal swabs, group A strains were isolated from 20 throat and two nasal swabs. Eighty-seven strains of Lancefield's groups C and G and 54 strains of groups other than A, C, or G were isolated3. There was no evidence of cross-infection.4. Factors contributing to the low incidence of group A strains and the absence of cross-infection are discussed.5. The carriage of groups C and G strains did not appreciably affect the erythrocyte sedimentation rate.6. Although no direct evidence is available, the experience of the present study suggests that the incidence of streptococci in an institution for rheumatic children may be reduced by: (a) bacteriological screening before admission; (b) regular swabbing and Lancefield's grouping of streptococci isolated for the early detection of group A strains; and (c) administration of penicillin or sulphadiazine prophylactically to even a limited number of children.We thank Prof. R. S. Illingworth for his advice in the writing of this paper, Dr J. L. Emery for laboratory facilities, Dr R. E. O. Williams for his advice in the planning of the investigation, and the matron and sisters of Ash House Hospital School, Sheffield, for their assistance.The expenses of the investigation were defrayed by a grant from the Medical Research Council.

scholarly journals Haemolytic streptococci in the dust of hospital wards, and their relationship to infection: A report to the Medical Research Council

1944 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derrick G. ff. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Research Council ◽  
Medical Research Council ◽  
Streptococcal Infection ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Group A ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Hospital Wards ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nose And Throat

1. A weekly examination for haemolytic streptococci was made of the dust of two hospital wards; observations lasted in each ward for about six months. The wards chosen were a combined ear, nose and throat and eye ward used for adult patients, and a children's ward.2. It was found that on an average for the whole period the dust of the former ward contained 300,000 haemolytic streptococci per gram and the dust of the latter 250,000 per gram.3. Representative colonies of haemolytic streptococci grown from each sample of dust were examined serologically to determine their group. About 33% of those isolated from the E.N.T. Eye ward were group A and about 80% of those from the children's ward.4. In order to determine the relationship of the streptococci in the dust to streptococcal infection among patients and staff, throat swabs and swabs from septic lesions were regularly examined.5. In the children's ward 27·8% of 270 patients were found to be infected with haemolytic streptococci either on admission or at some time during their stay in hospital. The incidence of infection acquired in hospital was more than 12·2%. About two-thirds of these infections were latent.6. Group A streptococci isolated from the dust and swabs were identified serologically according to type. It was noted that the occurrence of a particular type in the dust often resulted from the presence of one or more infected persons in the ward.7. It was, however, frequently noted that a particular type made its first appearance in the dust when it could not be cultured from any of the swabs. It is possible that these strains were introduced to the ward by visitors, such as patients' relatives and friends or patients from other wards coming for septic dressings.8. No conclusive example of a hospital cross-infection conveyed by dust was noted.I wish to thank Dr T. J. Hennelly and Dr D. G. Morgan, Medical Superintendents of the two hospitals, for giving me the facilities to carry out the investigation; also Dr S. T. Crowther and Dr Duncan Davies, and the sisters and nursing staff for their assistance and co-operation. I am especially indebted to Dr V. D. Allison for his helpful advice and criticism.

scholarly journals Importance of initial fracture crack width in minimally dislocated fractures of humeral lateral condyle in children for evaluation of fracture stability and treatment choice

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Zoran Rakonjac ◽  
Radivoj Brdar
Keyword(s):  
Crack Width ◽  
Lateral Condyle ◽  
Intraarticular Fracture ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Fracture Crack ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fracture Stability ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction. The fracture of the external condyle is the most common fracture of the distal end of the humerus. This is an intraarticular fracture, which, if not properly treated, can cause serious complications, difficult to treat. Objective. To define the importance of the initial width of the fracture crack for the evaluation of stability of the minimally dislocated fractures of the humeral lateral condyle and for the selection of the method of treatment. Methods. The target group included the children with minimally dislocated fractures or fractures of uncertain stability. The number of children was 35. On the grounds of the initial width of the fracture crack, two groups were formed. Group A comprised 25 (71.4%) examinees with the initial width 2-2.9 mm. Group B comprised 10 (28.6%) examinees with the initial width 3-3.9 mm. Measuring was performed on the PA and profile radiographies. A higher value was taken for analysis. The control of fracture crack width was done by systematic radiographies in the following time intervals: the first, third, seventh and the fourteenth day in group A, and the first and third day (1B and 3B) in group B, since the fracture occurrence. Results. The analysis of the results in group A showed the following: the enlargement of dislocation between 1-3 days was significant (p<0.05). Between 3-7 and 7-14 days, there was no significant enlargement of dislocation (p>0.05). Fractures were stable and treated nonsurgically. In group B, the enlargement of dislocation was significant until the third day (p<0.05). These fractures were unstable, there was a great risk for secondary dislocations and they were to be duly fixed. Initial widths of these groups varied significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion. The initial width of the fracture crack is important for the evaluation of the fracture stability, the evaluation of the risk for the creation of secondary dislocations and for the choice of treatment. The upper limit of the fracture crack width which influenced the selection of the method of treatment was 2.5 mm.

Natural history of intracranial cavernous malformations

1995 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyotaka Aiba ◽  
Ryuichi Tanaka ◽  
Tetsuo Koike ◽  
Shigeki Kameyama ◽  
Norio Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age At Onset ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cavernous Malformations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Bleeding Episodes ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Clinical Records

✓ The authors have reviewed the clinical records of 110 patients with intracranial cavernous malformations diagnosed by histological examination and/or magnetic resonance imaging over a mean follow-up period of 4.71 years. These cases were divided, based on their presentation, into a hemorrhage group, a seizure group, and an incidentally diagnosed group. The rate of subsequent symptomatic bleeding was investigated in relation to age at onset, sex, and location of the initial lesion. A high rate of subsequent symptomatic bleeding episodes was found in the hemorrhage group, especially among younger females. The nonhemorrhagic-onset cases had a very low incidence of bleeding. The outcome was generally good, except in patients with lesions in the basal ganglia and brainstem. These findings will be helpful in planning a rational therapeutic strategy for intracranial cavernous malformations.

scholarly journals MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK MELALUI PERMAINAN LEGO BLOCK

Edukid ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Nandya Mutiara
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Fine Motor Skills ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Group A

Abstract :  Improving Children’s Fine Motor Skills Through Lego Block Games. The  research  was  conducted  based  on  the  problems  found  among  children  of  Early Childhood  Education  (Indonesian, and  henceforth,  PAUD)  Post  Miana V,  namely  the low  fine  motor  skills,  especially  in  creating  objects  according  to  various  media, creating two forms from blocks, and building a tower of a minimum of 8 (eight) cubes. In  response  to  these  problems,  improvements  in  instruction  are  required.  In  this research, the researcher designed Lego block games to improve group A students’ fine motor skills. The research aims to find about the profile of children’s fine motor skills before  the  implementation  of  Lego  block  games,  the  implementation  of  Lego  block games,  and  the  improvement  of  group  A  students’  fine  motor  skills  after  the implementation  of  Lego  block  games  in  PAUD  Post  Miana  V.  It  adopted  classroom action  research  method.  The  subjects  were  8  (eight)  children  of  group  A  PAUD  Post Miana V. The findings show that after the implementation of Lego block games, there were significant  improvements  in  the fine  motor  skills  of  group  A  students  of  PAUD Post  Miana  V.  The  improvements  were  most  observable  in  the  increasing  number  of children who reached the stages of beginning to develop and developing according to expectation.  Based  on  these  results,  Lego  block  games  can  be  used  as  an  effective learning method to improve kindergarten children’s fine motor skills.Abstrak  :  Meningkatkan  Kemampuan  Motorik  Halus  Anak  Melalui  Permainan Lego Block. Penelitian ini di lakukan atas dasar permasalahan yang muncul pada anak Pos  PAUD  Miana  V  yaitu  rendahnya  kemampuan  motorik  halus  anak,  menciptakan sesuai dengan berbagai media, mencipta 2 bentuk dari balok, menyusun menara kubus minimal  8.  Tindak  lanjut  dari  permasalahan  tersebut  perlu  adanya  perbaikan pembelajaran.  Peneliti  merancang  penelitian  melalui  permainan  lego  block  untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak kelompok A. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk  mengetahui  profil  kemampuan  motorik  halus  anak  sebelum  diterapkan permainan  lego  block,  mengetahui  bagaimana  penerapan  permainan  lego  block,  dan mengetahui  peningkatan  kemampuan  motorik  halus  anak  kelompok  A  sesudah diterapkan  permainan  lego  block  di  Pos  PAUD  Miana  V.  Metode  penelitian  yang  di gunakan  adalah  Penelitian  Tindakan  Kelas  (PTK).  Subjek  pada  penelitian  ini  adalah anak kelompok A Pos PAUD Mianan V berjumlah 8 anak. Kondisi akhir kemampuan motorik halus menunjukan terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan motorik  halus  anak  kelompok  A  Pos  PAUD  Mianan  V  setelah  diterapkan  permainan lego block. Peningkatan kemampuan terlihat dari semakin banyaknya anak yang sudah mencapai  tahap  mulai  berkembang  (MB)  dan  berkembang  sesuai  harapan  (BSH). Berdasarkan  hasil  penelitian  permainan  lego  block  dapat  di  gunakan  sebagai  metode pembelajaran yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak TK.

scholarly journals SMART TREES MEDIA TO HELP IMPROVING PUPILS’ COUNTING PROFICIENCY IN A KINDERGARTEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Mohammad Archi Maulyda ◽  
Siti Istiningsih ◽  
Vivi Rachmatul Hidayati ◽  
Ratih Ayu Apsari ◽  
Chuthamar Suwanmani Asian
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Third ◽  
Performance Techniques ◽  
Numeracy Skills ◽  
Group A ◽  
Preliminary Study

Based on the results of a preliminary study conducted on 20 children, the number of children who got 4 stars was 3 children with a percentage (15%), 3 stars were 4 children with a percentage (20%), 2 stars were 3 children with a percentage (15%), while those who got 1 star were 10 children with a percentage (50%). This shows that there are still many children who have not been able to count from 1-10, which means that many children have not achieved their learning completeness. For this reason, it is necessary to take action so that children's learning completeness can be achieved. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of using smart tree media in improving children's numeracy skills 1-10. The design chosen for this study was the Kemmis and Taggart Classroom Action Research Model with 3 cycles. The data collection techniques used are performance techniques to collect data about students' numeracy skills and observation techniques to collect data about the learning process when each action cycle is carried out. The results of the data analysis showed that after the third cycle was completed, the learning completeness of the children reached 80%, meaning that there were 16 children who achieved learning completeness. The conclusion is that smart tree media can improve numeracy skills 1-10 in group A children at An-Nur Labuapi Kindergarten.Berdasarkan hasil studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan pada 20 anak, 3 anak (15%) mendapat 4 bintang, 4 anak (20%) mendapat 3 bintang, 3 anak (15%) mendapat 2 bintang, dan sisanya 10 anak (50%) mendapatkan 1 bintang. Hal ini menunjukkan masih banyak anak yang belum dapat berhitung dari 1-10, yang berarti banhyak anak yang belum tercapai ketuntasan belajarnya. Untuk itu perlu adanya Tindakan yang dilakukan agar ketuntasan belajar anak dapat tercapai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melihat efektivitas penggunaan media pohon pintar dalam meningkatkan kecakapan berhitung 1-10 pada anak. Desain yang dipilih untuk penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Model Kemmis dan Taggart dengan 3 siklus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan adalah teknik unjuk kerja untuk mengumpulkan data tentang kemampuan berhitung peserta didik dan teknik observasi untuk mengumpulkan data tentang proses pembelajaran pada saat setiap siklus tindakan dilaksanakan. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa setelah siklus III selesai dilaksanakan ketuntasan belajar anak mencapai 80%, artinya anak yang mencapai ketuntasan belajar berjumlah 16 anak. Kesimpulannya adalah bahwa media pohon pintar dapat meningkatkan kecakapan berhitung 1-10 pada anak kelompok A TK An-Nur Labuapi.

scholarly journals Comparison of IL-17 and FOXP3+ Levels in Maternal and Children Leprosy Patients in Endemic and Nonendemic Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Flora Ramona Sigit Prakoeswa ◽  
Faradiba Maharani ◽  
Munawaroh Fitriah ◽  
Jusak Nugraha ◽  
Hardyanto Soebono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Endemic Areas

Leprosy, a chronic infection caused by M. leprae, has a complex transmission problem that makes eradication programs difficult. New cases and ongoing transmission of leprosy in endemic areas make individuals living in endemic environments vulnerable to leprosy. This can be caused by the dysregulation of immune system in individuals living in leprosy-endemic areas. Although the number of male leprosy patients is higher, female leprosy patients have more impact on the family health status due to close contact with family members, roles in the household, and parenting. This could cause the increased number of children leprosy patients. We investigated the dysregulation of immune system by comparing IL-17 and FOXP3+ levels occurring in maternal and child leprosy patients in endemic and nonendemic areas. The results of the study found a statistically significant difference in IL-17 levels between the MB leprosy patient group and the control group ( p = 0.048 ), where higher levels of IL-17 are observed in the control group. A significant difference also was found in FOXP3+ levels between the group of healthy children living in endemic and those living in nonendemic areas ( p = 0.047 ), where higher FOXP3+ is observed in the healthy children living in endemic areas group.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MOTORIK KASAR MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL ENGKLEK PADA ANAK USIA 4-5 TAHUN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Umu Choiro ◽  
Murjiati .
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Skills ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Group A ◽  
Traditional Game

This study aims to explain the improvement of the gross motor skills of group A children RA Darul Ilmi Tegalsari through the traditional crank game. This type of research is classroom action research. The subjects of this study were 13 children of group A RA Darul Ilmi Tegalsari consisting of 8 boys and 5 girls. The data collection method is done through observation and documentation. The data analysis technique was carried out in a descriptive qualitative manner. Increasing gross motor skills is said to be successful if at least 75% of the number of children reaches the criteria for developing as expected. Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that gross motor skills can be improved through the traditional game of crank by throwing the gacuk into the first plot, then the children jumping over plots 1, 2, 3, 6 and 9 using one leg and plots number 4, 8. , and 9 to jump on two legs. The increase in gross motor skills of children can be shown from the data on gross motor skills in the initial condition of the child who completed 23.84% or 3 children, in the first cycle of meeting I the children who completed it increased to 38.46 or 5 children, in the first cycle of the second meeting of children who complete increased to 53.85% or 7 children. In the second cycle of the first meeting of the children who completed it increased to 69.23% or 9 children and in the second cycle of the second meeting, the children who completed increased to a maximum of 92.30% or 12 children.

scholarly journals Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: Relationship between type of seizures and response to medication in a Greek population

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 545-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gkampeta ◽  
Liana Fidani ◽  
Dimitrio Zafeiriou ◽  
Evangelos Pavlou
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Greek Population ◽  
Antiepileptic Treatment ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Focal Seizures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Benign Epilepsy

ABSTRACT Purpose: Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) is considered to be the most common childhood epileptic syndrome. We studied the relationship between the type of seizures and response to medication in a Greek population. Materials and Methods: We studied 60 neurodevelopmentally normal children diagnosed with BECTS. Children were subdivided into three groups, based on type of seizures: Group A comprised 32 children with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, Group B 19 children with focal seizures and Group C 9 children with focal seizures with secondary generalization. All patients in the present study were started on an antiepileptic medication after the third seizure (sodium valproate, carbamazepine, and oxcarbazepine), and we studied the response to medication. Results: 10 from 13 (76.92%) of patients in Group A, 13 from 15 (86.66%) patients in Group B, and all 6 patients (100%) in Group C started carbamazepine or oxcarbazepine had a favorable respond. Similarly, 16 from 19 (84.2%) of patients in Group A, 3 from 4 patients (75%) in Group B, and 1 from 3 patients (33.3%) in Group C, started sodium valproate responded well to medication. Conclusions: The majority of children responded well to the first antiepileptic treatment and had a favorable outcome, regardless of type of seizures. 88.3% of children became seizure free by 1 or 2 years after seizure onset. These findings are indicative that the type of seizures has no major effect neither in response to antiepileptic treatment or in the final outcome. Further research in a larger number of children is needed.

Relationship of Factor IX Antigen and Coagulant in Hemophilia B Patients and Carriers

1978 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 465-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liberto Pechet ◽  
Cheryl Y Tiarks ◽  
Joyce Stevens ◽  
Ramakrishna R Sudhindra ◽  
Leslie Lipworth
Keyword(s):  
Carrier State ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Hemophilia B ◽  
Human Factor Ix ◽  
Discordant Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Relationship Of

SummaryA neutralizing and precipitating monospecific antiserum to human factor IX was developed. Plasmas from 224 hemophilia B patients, 39 obligatory and 38 possible carriers were studied by coagulant assays and Laurell’s electroimmunoassays. Based on factor IX coagulant (IX-C) to IX antigen (IX-Ag) ratios, the patients were classified as being either concordant (ratios ≥0.71) or discordant (<0.71). The diagnostic classification into concordant and discordant patterns is difficult in patients with low levels of antigen where the two forms may merge due to the insensitivity of the assay below 12%. Of the total cases studied by us, 36% were discordant (excess antigen). This is in agreement with 33.66%, a composite figure representing 199 cases described in five recently published papers, and indicates that approximately one-third of the hemophilia B population is of the discordant type. The pattern, when established, was found consistent in each kinship studied.Crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis did not reveal any abnormalities in the hemophilia B plasmas with measurable IX-Ag.We found a low incidence of the BM variety. Determining this type of hemophilia B did not appear to increase the degree of predictability of the carrier state.Studies of carriers demonstrated that immunologic techniques did not contribute to the predictability of the carrier state in pedigrees of the concordant variety. In the discordant group a factor IX-C/IX-Ag ratio of 0.7 or less indicated that a female was very likely to be a carrier. An improvement in the prediction of the carrier state in females of the discordant pattern was demonstrated.

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