scholarly journals Competitive exclusion of salmonellas from the chick caecum using a defined mixture of bacterial isolates from the caecal microflora of an adult bird

1982 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Impey ◽  
G. C. Mead ◽  
Susan M. George
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Adult Bird ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Protective Treatment

SummaryColonization of the caeca of newly hatched chicks by Salmonella typhimurium was prevented by oral administration of a mixture of cultures comprising 48 different bacterial strains originating from an adult bird known to be free from salmonellas. The treatment conferred protection to the same degree as that obtained previously with a suspension of adult caecal contents or an undefined anaerobic culture from the same source and was demonstrated in four separate laboratory trials.Examination of the caecal microflora of chicks one day after being given the protective treatment showed that the presence of high levels of lactobacilli and Bacteroides spp. which are not found usually at two days of age in chicks produced under commercial conditions was indicative of the successful establishment of an adult-type microflora.Although the usual method of administering the protective organisms was to dose the chicks directly into the crop, it was also found possible to incorporate the organisms in the drinking water given to the birds at dilutions up to one in five, the maximum tested.When chicks were given the bacterial mixture via the crop and fed on a diet containing 10 mg kg−1 nitrovin and 100 mg kg−1 monensin, the bacteroides failed to establish in the caeca and the birds were not protected against salmonella colonization. However, when the bacterial cultures were incorporated in the drinking water and the chicks given the same feed, normal protection was obtained; possible reasons for these observations are discussed.

Novel bacterial strains for the removal of microcystins from drinking water

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Lawton ◽  
A. Welgamage ◽  
P. M. Manage ◽  
C. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Successful Isolation ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Significant Health

Microcystins (MC) and nodularin (NOD) are common contaminants of drinking water around the world and due to their significant health impact it is important to explore suitable approaches for their removal. Unfortunately, these toxins are not always removed by conventional water treatments. One of the most exciting areas that hold promise for a successful and cost effective solution is bioremediation of microcystins. Recent work resulted in successful isolation and characterisation of 10 novel bacterial strains (Rhodococcus sp., Arthrobacter spp. and Brevibacterium sp.) capable of metabolizing microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in a Biolog MT2 assay. The work presented here aims to further investigate and evaluate the metabolism and the degradation of multiple microcystins (MC-LR, MC-LF, MC-LY, MC-LW and MC-RR) and nodularin by the bacterial isolates. A total of five bacterial isolates representing the three genera were evaluated using Biolog MT2 assay with a range of MCs where they all demonstrated an overall metabolism on all MCs and NOD. Subsequently, the results were confirmed by observing the degradation of the range of toxins in a separate batch experiment.

scholarly journals Some aspects of the gastrointestinal microflora of germfree mice associated with cultured microfloras

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Koopman ◽  
Henriëtie M. Kennis ◽  
A. M. Stadhouders ◽  
H. De Boer
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Filamentous Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Anaerobic Culture ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Attempts are described to 'normalize' germfree mice by association with 3, 21 and 71 different intestinal bacterial cultures isolated from mice with an SPF flora. Germfree mice associated naturally with an SPF flora served as controls. Vital bacterial counts were determined by aerobic and anaerobic culture. Stomach and small intestine contained fewer bacteria per gram than caecum and large intestine. Aerobic vital counts from caecum and large intestine were higher in the experimental groups than in control mice. The aerobic and anaerobic flora in stomach and small intestine comprised mainly Gram-positive nonfusiform shaped rods. In the caecum and colon Gram-positive cocci predominated in the aerobic culture while in the anaerobic culture fusiform-shaped rods were prominent. Scanning electron microscopy of oesophagus, ileum, caecum and faeces demonstrated colonization of the oesophageal epithelium only after association with 71 bacterial strains; the filamentous bacteria present in the ileum of SPF mice were not found in the experimental groups and caecum and faeces contained mainly fusiform-shaped bacteria. Nonbacterial matter decreased in the caecum and faeces with increase in the complexity of the flora.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BACTERIAL DIVERSITY AND INTERSPECIES INTERACTIONS ON DRINKING WATER-ASSOCIATED BIOFILMS OF YЕRSINIA ЕNTEROCOLITICA

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Zvezdimira Tsvetanova ◽  
Hristo Najdenski
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Enteropathogenic Yersinia ◽  
Individual Partner

The capability of the enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica 8081 bio/serotype 1B/O:8 to form binary and multi-species biofilms with defined bacterial strains was studied. The interspecies interactions in the binary biofilms of the enteropathogen with three bacterial isolates from drinking water and water-associated biofilms were assessed. The effect of each individual partner strain for the Y. enterocolitica involvement in the four-species bacterial biofilm was evaluated by excluding one by one the isolates from the sessile community. It was found out that Y. enterocolitica and the tested bacterial strains interact each other in the binary biofilm formation. Moreover, the Y. enterocolitica involvement in the biofilms depends on the partner strain. In the multi-species biofilms, a synergetic effect of one of the bacterial partner strains on the Y. enterocolitica attachment was detected in contrast to the weak inhibitory effect of another one.

Competitive Exclusion of Salmonella from Newly Hatched Chicks by Mixtures of Pure Bacterial Cultures Isolated from Fecal and Cecal Contents of Adult Birds

1985 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 778-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. STAVRIC ◽  
T. M. GLEESON ◽  
B. BLANCHFIELD ◽  
H. PIVNICK
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Pure Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Young Chicks

Oral administration of defined mixtures of bacterial isolates from fecal and cecal contents of adult chickens protected young chicks against infection with Salmonella. One-day-old chicks were treated with mixtures containing 50, 40, 25 and 10 bacterial isolates and challenged 2 d later with 104, 105 and 106 colony-forming units of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella typhimurium. The chicks were examined for infection 6 d after challenge. The mixture of 50 bacterial cultures gave protection comparable to that obtained with fecal or cecal cultures of unknown bacterial composition. Less protection was evident with mixtures containing fewer cultures.

STUDIES ON SOME BACTERIAL DISEASES IN OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Viola Zaki ◽  
Ahmed EL-gamal ◽  
Yasmin Reyad
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Total Prevalence

he present research carried out to study the common bacterial infections in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in Manzala area at Dakahlia governorate and possible antimicrobial agents used for treatment. A total number of 400 fish were randomly collected from Manzala private farms at Dakahlia governorate and subjected to the clinical, bacteriological and histopathological examination. The highest prevalence of bacterial isolates during the whole period of examination of naturally infected O.niloticus was recorded for A.hydrophila (22.66%), followed by V.alginolyticus (19.01%), V.parahemolyticus (13.80%), Streptococcus spp. (12.24%), A.caviae (11.72%), V.cholera (10.16%), A.salmonicida (7.55%), while the lowest prevalence was recorded for Klebsiella oxytoca (2.86%). The seasonal highest total prevalence of bacterial isolates from examined naturally infected O. niloticus was recorded in spring (30.21%), followed by autumn (28.39%), then summer (22.40%) and the lowest prevalence was recorded in winter (19.01%). Histopathological findings of the tissue samples which collected from different organs of naturally infected O.niloticus revealed that spleen show marked hemosiderosis and sever hemorrhage, gills showsever congestion of lamellar capillaries with marked aneurysm, necrosis and hemorrhage of lamellar epithelium and liver show sever hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, Ciprofloxacin was the most effective antibiotic against all isolated bacterial strains

Biodegradation of organophosphorus Pollutants by Soil Bacteria: Biochemical Aspects and Unsolved Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
T.V. Shushkova ◽  
D.O. Epiktetov ◽  
S.V. Tarlachkov ◽  
I.T. Ermakova ◽  
A.A. Leontievskii
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Activity Regulation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Phosphorus Source ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

The degradation of persistent organophosphorus pollutants have been studied in 6 soil bacterial isolates and in 3 bacterial strains adapted for utilization of glyphosate herbicide (GP) under laboratory conditions. Significant differences in the uptake of organophosphonates were found in taxonomically close strains possessing similar enzymatic pathways of catabolism of these compounds, which indicates the existence of unknown mechanisms of activity regulation of these enzymes. The effect of adaptation for GP utilization as a sole phosphorus source on assimilation rates of several other phosphonates was observed in studied bacteria. The newly found efficient stains provided up to 56% of GP decomposition after application to the soil in the laboratory. The unresolved problems of microbial GP metabolism and the trends for further research on the creation of reliable biologicals capable of decomposing organophosphonates in the environment are discussed. organophosphonates, glyphosate, biodegradation, bioremediation, C-P lyase, phosphonatase, degrading bacteria Investigation of phosphonatase and genome sequencing were supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant no. 18-074-00021.

scholarly journals Potential of carbonic anhydrase and urease bacteria for sequestration of CO2 into aerated concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 03004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Faisal Alshalif ◽  
JM Irwan ◽  
N Othman ◽  
Adel Al-Gheethi ◽  
Algaifi Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Bacterial Isolate ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Kiln Dust ◽  
Freeze Dryer

The present study aimed to investigate the potential of bacterial strains from cement kiln dust (CKD) to sequestrate atmospheric CO2 into aerated concrete as a functional for carbonic anhydrase (CA) and urease enzymes. Five samples of CKD was collected from Cement Industries of Malaysia Berhad (CIMA). The most potent bacterial isolates were selected and adapted to grow in 5% of CO2 and in bio-aerated concrete medium. CA enzyme was detected by using a solution of 1.8 g of p-NPA (p-nitrophenyl acetate) and 25 mg of ampicillin at 7-pH. The results of thioglycolate broth medium assay indicated that the bacterial isolates were facultative anaerobic. Furthermore, the results of candle jar test reflected that the bacterial isolates have the ability to survive with 5% of CO2 concentrations. Two bacterial isolates distinctly grow in bio-aerated concrete simulation medium, while only one bacterial isolate was the most potent and has produced in a powder form using freeze dryer to be ready to apply in bio-aerated concrete.

scholarly journals Searching for Antagonistic Activity of Bacterial Isolates Derived from Food Processing Environments on Some Food-Borne Pathogenic Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-423
Author(s):  
B. Baráti-Deák ◽  
Cs. Mohácsi-Farkas ◽  
Á. Belák
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Growth Decline

Bacterial strains with inhibitory effect on Salmonella Hartford, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Escherichia coli, respectively, were isolated. Out of the 64 bacteria originated from food processing environments, 20 could inhibit at least one of the tested pathogens, and it was proved that growth decline of the pathogenic bacteria was more remarkable by co-culturing than by using cell-free supernatants of the isolates. Seven different genera (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Macrococcus, Staphylococcus, Serratia, and Rothia) reduced the pathogens’ growth during the time period of analysis, and the strongest inhibitory effect was observed after 24 h between 15 and 30 °C. Sensitivity of the tested human pathogenic bacteria against the inhibitory strains was distinct, as Y. enterocolitica could be inhibited by numerous isolates, while S. Hartford proved to be the most resistant. Our results reveal that the isolated bacteria or their excreted metabolites could hinder pathogen growth when used in sufficient quantities.

scholarly journals Carbon source utilization and hydrogen production by isolated anaerobic bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jame ◽  
V. Zelená ◽  
B. Lakatoš ◽  
Ľ. Varečka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Carbon Source Utilization ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Monocarboxylic Acids ◽  
Sheep Rumen

Abstract Five bacterial isolates were tested for their ability to generate hydrogen during anaerobic fermentation with various carbon sources. One isolate from sheep rumen was identified as Escherichia coli and four isolates belonged to Clostridium spp. Glucose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, lactose and cellobiose were used as carbon sources. Results showed that all bacterial strains could utilize these compounds, although the utilization of pentoses diminished growth yield. The excretion of monocarboxylic acids (acetate, propionate, formiate, butyrate) into medium was changed after replacing glucose by other carbon sources. Di- and tricarboxylic acids were excreted in negligible amounts only. Spectra of excreted carboxylic acids were unique for each strain and all carbon sources. All isolates produced H2 between 4—9 mmol·L−1 during the stationary phase of growth with glucose as energy source. This value was dramatically reduced when pentoses were used as carbon source. Lactose and cellobiose, starch and cellulose were suitable substrates for the H2 production in some but not all isolates. No H2 was produced by proteinaceous substrate, such as blood. Results show that both substrate utilization and physiological responses (growth, excretion of carboxylates, H2 production) are unique functions of each isolate.

scholarly journals Multidrug Resistant and Extensively Drug Resistant Bacteria: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silpi Basak ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Monali Rajurkar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant

Background and Objective. Antimicrobial resistance is now a major challenge to clinicians for treating patients. Hence, this short term study was undertaken to detect the incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates in a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods. The clinical samples were cultured and bacterial strains were identified in the department of microbiology. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of different bacterial isolates was studied to detect MDR, XDR, and PDR bacteria.Results. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of 1060 bacterial strains was studied. 393 (37.1%) bacterial strains were MDR, 146 (13.8%) strains were XDR, and no PDR was isolated. All (100%) Gram negative bacterial strains were sensitive to colistin whereas all (100%) Gram positive bacterial strains were sensitive to vancomycin.Conclusion. Close monitoring of MDR, XDR, or even PDR must be done by all clinical microbiology laboratories to implement effective measures to reduce the menace of antimicrobial resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document