scholarly journals Aquaculture: a rapidly growing and significant source of sustainable food? Status, transitions and potential

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Little ◽  
R. W. Newton ◽  
M. C. M. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Food Sources ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Function

The status and potential of aquaculture is considered as part of a broader food landscape of wild aquatic and terrestrial food sources. The rationale and resource base required for the development of aquaculture are considered in the context of broader societal development, cultural preferences and human needs. Attention is drawn to the uneven development and current importance of aquaculture globally as well as its considerable heterogeneity of form and function compared with established terrestrial livestock production. The recent drivers of growth in demand and production are examined and the persistent linkages between exploitation of wild stocks, full life cycle culture and the various intermediate forms explored. An emergent trend for sourcing aquaculture feeds from alternatives to marine ingredients is described and the implications for the sector with rapidly growing feed needs discussed. The rise of non-conventional and innovative feed ingredients, often shared with terrestrial livestock, are considered, including aquaculture itself becoming a major source of marine ingredients. The implications for the continued expected growth of aquaculture are set in the context of sustainable intensification, with the challenges that conventional intensification and emergent integration within, and between, value chains explored. The review concludes with a consideration of the implications for dependent livelihoods and projections for various futures based on limited resources but growing demand.

Why Quasi-Alliances Will Persist in the Indo-Pacific? The Fall and Rise of the Quad

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-304
Author(s):  
Frederick Kliem
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Direct Response ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Function ◽  
Threat Theory

The rise of and increasing assertiveness by China presents a significant structural challenge in the Indo-Pacific region (IPR). In an effort to retain the status quo, a number of states have signed-up to the ‘free and open Indo-Pacific’ (FOIP). In support of FOIP, operational mechanisms have emerged—most importantly the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad). The United States, Japan, Australia and India have come together in this informal format to exchange views on current security challenges and coordinate their strategic approaches. This article analyses both form and function of Quad and argues that both the diplomatic and military arrangements between Quad members are a direct response to ever-increasing Chinese assertiveness. Alongside a detailed empirical analysis of Quad, this paper addresses the question why Quad 2.0 will thrive although previous attempts at security networks failed. Balance of threat theory will illuminate why informal quasi-alliances vis-à-vis China are going to be the structural new normal for the IPR.

scholarly journals MOTIVATIONAL ASPECT OF FUNCTIONING OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH NEWS STORIES: A COGNITIVE RHETORICAL APPROACH

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Mishchenko T.V.
Keyword(s):  
Basic Needs ◽  
News Stories ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Motivational Aspect ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Cognitive Rhetoric ◽  
And Function ◽  
Meaning And Function

The aim of the suggested investigation lies in defining mechanisms of activating person’s basic needs with the help of PhUs in the news stories. To achieve the goal we have used the method of random sampling, linguo-cognitive and contextual-interpretational analysis.The results of the research. A cognitive-rhetorical approach to studying functions of PhUs’ in news stories has revealed that they appeal to person’s basic needs: physiological, safety, belongingness, reputation and self-actualization. The effects of satisfying the needs or their deficit are created by PhUs due to their constructional basis resting on preconceptual sensorimotor structures.PhUs produce the effect of the deficit of the physiological need in food relying on the relations of motion through many intermediate points. While the sense of satisfying the mentioned need is created by the PhUs based on ENABLEMENT, which also along with the COMPULSION image-schema creates the impression of self-actualization of participants represented as the source of the force activity. PhUs with the meaning of close distance and containment create the effect of inclusion into a family circle or a social group and the relations of exclusion conversely point that the belongingness need is not satisfied. Phraseological units trigger the feelings of safety being based on BLOCKAGE serving as a protection or safety deficit representing participants as the source of DISABLEMENT and COUNTERFORCE. PhUs appealing to the esteem need are based on STATUS VERTICALITY creating the effect of satisfying this need localizing event participants at the TOP and their DOWN position, i.e. their not reaching the top of the status hierarchy indicates the deficit of esteem. Conclusions. Phraseological units are constructions, i.e. pairings of form, meaning and function, which rely on preconceptual sensorimotor structures – image-schemas. Localizing, space-motor and dynamic relations as the basis for PhUs as constructions allow us to explain the mechanisms of the effects of satisfying or the deficit of the basic human needs produced by the units under investigation.Key words: construction, cognitive rhetoric, needs, rhetorical effects. Мета пропонованого дослідження полягає у встановленні механізмів активації базових потреб людини за допомогою ФО у текстах новин. Досягнення мети і завдань статті стало можливим завдяки застосуванню методів суцільної вибірки, лінгвокогнітивного та контекстуально-інтерпретаційного аналізу. Результати дослідження. Когнітивно-риторичний підхід до вивчення ролі ФО в новинних текстах виявив, що досліджувані одиниці апелюють до базових потреб людини: фізіологіч-них, у безпеці, належності, репутації і самоактуалізації. ФО формують ефекти задоволення або дефіциту вказаних потреб за рахунок їхньої конструкційної сутності, яка спирається на доконцептуальні структури сенсомоторного походження. ФО ство-рюють ефект дефіциту задоволення фізіологічної потреби в їжі з опертям на відношення руху багатьма проміжними точками. Натомість відчуття задоволення вказаної потреби сталі вирази викликають за рахунок ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТІ, яке також поряд із образ-схемою ПРИМУШЕННЯ, формує враження самоактуалізації учасників подій, співвідносних із джере-лом силової дії. Звороти зі семантикою близької відстані і вміщення створюють ефект входження до кола сім’ї або соціальної групи, а відношення виключення, навпаки, свідчать про незадоволення потреби в належності. Фразеологізми викликають враження безпеки, спираючись на образ-схему ПЕРЕШКОДА, яка виконує захисну функцію, або дефіциту безпеки, представ-ляючи учасників подій як джерело ПОЗБАВЛЕННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТІ і ПРОТИДІЇ. ФО, які апелюють до потреби у визнанні, засновуються на СТАТУСНІЙ ВЕРТИКАЛІ, створюючи ефект задоволення цієї потреби через локалізацію учасників подій УГОРІ, а про дефіцит визнання свідчить зображення суб’єктів УНИЗУ, тобто недосягнення ними вершини статусної ієрархії.Висновки. Фразеологічні одиниці є конструкціями, тобто єдністю форми, значення і функцій, яка спирається на доконцеп-туальні структури сенсомоторного досвіду людини – образ-схеми. Локалізаційні, просторово-моторні і динамічні відношення в основі ФО як конструкцій дозволяють пояснити механізми створюваних досліджуваними одиницями риторичних ефектів задоволення або дефіциту потреб.Ключові слова: конструкція, когнітивна риторика, потреби, риторичні ефекти.

scholarly journals Revisiting the form and function of conflict: Neurobiological, psychological, and cultural mechanisms for attack and defense within and between groups

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten K. W. De Dreu ◽  
Jörg Gross
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
Group Defense ◽  
Attack And Defense ◽  
And Function ◽  
Hostile Attributions

AbstractConflict can profoundly affect individuals and their groups. Oftentimes, conflict involves a clash between one side seeking change and increased gains through victory and the other side defending the status quo and protecting against loss and defeat. However, theory and empirical research largely neglected these conflicts between attackers and defenders, and the strategic, social, and psychological consequences of attack and defense remain poorly understood. To fill this void, we model (1) the clashing of attack and defense as games of strategy and reveal that (2) attack benefits from mismatching its target's level of defense, whereas defense benefits from matching the attacker's competitiveness. This suggests that (3) attack recruits neuroendocrine pathways underlying behavioral activation and overconfidence, whereas defense invokes neural networks for behavioral inhibition, vigilant scanning, and hostile attributions; and that (4) people invest less in attack than defense, and attack often fails. Finally, we propose that (5) in intergroup conflict, out-group attack needs institutional arrangements that motivate and coordinate collective action, whereas in-group defense benefits from endogenously emerging in-group identification. We discuss how games of attack and defense may have shaped human capacities for prosociality and aggression, and how third parties can regulate such conflicts and reduce their waste.

The Riverrun of Rewriting Scripture: From Textual Cannibalism to Scriptural Completion

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 475-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Klostergaard Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Second Temple ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
The One ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract To retain the concept of rewritten Bible as a scholarly category it is not only crucial to slightly change the name of the notion by re-designating it “rewritten Scripture” but also to accord the term the status of a cross-cultural third-order concept. This will allow research to detach the notion from its somewhat current “parochial” nature intrinsically linked as it is to the study of Second Temple Jewish literature. Rewritten Scripture should be conceived of as an excessive form of intertextuality that signifies the relationship existing between scriptural predecessor and rewritten piece with respect to the question of authority. Apart from advancing the theoretical discussion of the nomenclature, the essay takes a fresh look at a moot point that has loomed large in previous debates, whether rewritten Scripture strives to replace its scriptural predecessor or aims to complement it in an irenic fashion. The acknowledgement of some aspectualism grants legitimacy to both viewpoints, when they are rightfully understood within their proper perspectives. Finally, the article engages in typological considerations that will allow us to distinguish between three continua defined by respectively content, form, and function. Each constitutes a continuum on its own that advantageously may be segmented by several caesuras, which will allow us to differentiate between irenic scriptural completion at the one end of the spectrum and scriptural cannibalism at the other end of the spectrum. The fact that two works belonging to the category diverge on one continuum does not imply a corresponding divergence at other continua.

scholarly journals NAMA PANGGILAN ATAU SAPAAN BERDASARKAN ANGGOTA KELUARGA YANG MENINGGAL DALAM BAHASA KENYAH LEPOQ JALAN DI DESA LUNG ANAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Masfufah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cultural Preservation ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Function

AbstractResearch on call names or greetings based on family members who died in the Kenyah Lepoq Jalan language is important as a form of documentation and cultural preservation. This study aims to describe the form and function of call names or greetings based on family members who died. Data collection techniques were obtained from informants through interviews with record and note techniques. Data analysis techniques in this study used descriptive analysis, namely the analysis of linguistic and sociolinguistic data. The data analysis model used is an interactive model analysis consisting of three components of analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Based on the results of research and discussion, the forms of call name or greeting based on the death of family members in Kenyah Lepoq Jalan are classified into three, namely  call names that are neutral (female and male), nicknames for female gender, and  call names for gender Male. The function of the use of these greetings, namely: (a) as the identity of the Kenyah Lepoq Jalan community, (b) to find out the status of the speech partner, (c) gender marker of the speech partner, (d) as a social interaction, and (e) as a control social.Keywords: call name, family who died, Kenyah Lepoq Jalan language AbstrakPenelitian mengenai nama panggilan atau sapaan berdasarkan anggota keluarga yang meninggal dalam bahasa Kenyah Lepoq Jalan ini penting dilakukan sebagai bentuk pendokumentasian dan pelestarian budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan fungsi nama panggilan atau sapaan berdasarkan anggota keluarga yang meninggal. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari informan melalui wawancara dengan teknik rekam dan catat. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif, yaitu dengan analisis data linguistik dan sosiolinguistik. Adapun model analisis data yang digunakan, yaitu analisis model interaktif yang terdiri atas tiga komponen analisis, yaitu reduksi data, sajian data, dan penarikan simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, diperoleh bentuknama panggilan atau sapaan berdasarkan kematian anggota keluarga dalam bahasa Kenyah Lepoq Jalan diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga, yaitu nama panggilan yang bersifat netral (perempuan dan laki-laki), nama panggilan untuk jenis kelamin perempuan, dan nama panggilan untuk jenis kelamin laki-laki. Adapun fungsi dari pemakaian sapaan tersebut, yaitu: (a) sebagai identitas dari masyarakat Kenyah Lepoq Jalan, (b) untuk mengetahui status mitra tutur, (c) penanda jenis kelamin mitra tutur, (d) sebagai interaksi sosial, dan (e) sebagai kontrol sosial.Kata kunci: nama panggilan, keluarga yang meninggal, bahasa Kenyah Lepoq Jalan

scholarly journals Tree shrew lavatories: a novel nitrogen sequestration strategy in a tropical pitcher plant

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 632-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Clarke ◽  
Ulrike Bauer ◽  
Ch'ien C. Lee ◽  
Andrew A. Tuen ◽  
Katja Rembold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
N Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sequestration ◽  
Epicuticular Wax Crystals ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Function ◽  
Wax Crystals

Nepenthes pitcher plants are typically carnivorous, producing pitchers with varying combinations of epicuticular wax crystals, viscoelastic fluids and slippery peristomes to trap arthropod prey, especially ants. However, ant densities are low in tropical montane habitats, thereby limiting the potential benefits of the carnivorous syndrome. Nepenthes lowii , a montane species from Borneo, produces two types of pitchers that differ greatly in form and function. Pitchers produced by immature plants conform to the ‘typical’ Nepenthes pattern, catching arthropod prey. However, pitchers produced by mature N. lowii plants lack the features associated with carnivory and are instead visited by tree shrews, which defaecate into them after feeding on exudates that accumulate on the pitcher lid. We tested the hypothesis that tree shrew faeces represent a significant nitrogen (N) source for N. lowii , finding that it accounts for between 57 and 100 per cent of foliar N in mature N. lowii plants. Thus, N. lowii employs a diversified N sequestration strategy, gaining access to a N source that is not available to sympatric congeners. The interaction between N. lowii and tree shrews appears to be a mutualism based on the exchange of food sources that are scarce in their montane habitat.

scholarly journals The Growth of Indonesian Aesthetic Value of Kriya (Handicrafts) in the 21st Century

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Dheni Harmaen
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Aesthetic Value ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Status ◽  
Artistic Achievement ◽  
Craft Industry ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
And Function

<p>The development of aesthetic values in the handicraft have been changing in terms of function, shape, appearance and even in terms of its significance, the changes will appear also to changes in the aesthetic value of a work of craft, because the essence of the aesthetic is beauty. In terms of language, the term <em>kriya</em> used in Indonesian language derived from Sanskrit, the word Kriya, when transferred to the Java language has a meaning work or action, and in particular the work related to religious ceremonies. Aesthetic value in a craft covered elements of line, shape, texture, color, composition and so on. The growth of aesthetic value to the craft woven eve of the 21st century can be traced starting from animist civilizations, until the civilization Ekotek Dynamic information (science and technology), or what we call the global community that positions the craft as a commodity. This development is an inter-linkages which always affect one aspect with other aspects including its aesthetic elements. Art craft is one branch or twig arts is undergoing a transformation, both form and function that are often lengthy conversations or discussions, regarding the status and position in the art developments in Indonesia. The development of craft capable of evolving to position itself in three directions, each of which has different interests, they are: 1) preservation oriented, 2) development to economic or commercial interests (craft industry) oriented, and 3) personal expression (artistic achievement) oriented.</p>

scholarly journals Linguistic Means of Authorization in Modern English Magazine Discourse: Constructionist Rhetorical Approach

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
Collective Authorship ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article discusses the linguistic means of authorization in English magazine discourse. It proposes a definition of authorization and its discursive realization with the implementation of rhetorical canons and ways of persuasion. The linguistic means of authorization is represented by constructions which due to the fusion of form and meaning or form and function reflect the authorship – individual, institutional or collective. The paper distinguishes two types of constructions: deictic indicating individual authorization and impersonal pointing to the institutional authorship. With respect to the referential meaning of its constituents, deictic constructions fall into orientational fixing the author’s place in the environment: somatic relating to the author’s body; perceptual rendering visual, auditory or tactile modalities; locational referring to the author’s whereabouts. Constructions denoting an author’s activity refer to different spheres: cognitive; communicative; professional. Constructions referring to social relations reveal the addressor’s roles in two domains: immediate surroundings, covering family, friends, household as well as the wide public life encompassing politics and economics. Constructions appealing to pathos evoke evaluation, emotions or human needs uniting the author and readers. Constructions rendering institutional authorization represent the authors’ distance from the contents by four subtypes of subjective constructions: nominal, pronominal, predicative referring to event participants as well as discursive. Moreover, the functioning of deictic and impersonal constructions as authorization devices is subordinated to disposition with differing frequency. The collective authorship, which can be bi- and multiple, results from the interaction of constructions rendering individual and institutional authorization.

scholarly journals WADAH AKTIVITAS DAN TAMAN BACAAN SEBAGAI THIRD PLACE DI KAWASAN KWITANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1215
Author(s):  
Stanly Manuel ◽  
Rudy Trisno
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Basic Human Needs ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
And Function

AbstractBasically, a human is a social being that needs to have interaction one and another. Kwitang as one of the busiest and most densely populated areas in Jakarta As a result, basic human needs that are not met causes the people in the Kwitang area to have a business in front of their homes. However, nowadays people getting to be more individualistic because of their business and routine. They easily forget the importance of their social life and taking care of themselves. It makes the needs of existence the Third Place higher in society. The existence of the third becomes a solution for people to escape from their routine and have a better social life. Considering the problems and potency in the area, Literature Park and Activity Hub is designed to accommodate and solve people’s problems by trying to meet the basic needs of the community such as socialization and mutual relations between people and become a character in the form of selling books. The program will be processed in the form of a method approached with observation and survey then starting from location analysis until product of architechture. Using Form runs Together, and cross programming method, and also design method in the form of continuity and welcoming space on the project. So the conclution is the design of this building could provide a third space in Kelurahan Kwitang so humans can interact to help the process of socialization between humans and their environment. Therefore, this project and concept could be implemented and create the Third Place in Kwitang.AbstrakPada dasarnya masyarakat adalah makhluk sosial yang membutuhkan interaksi antar sesama. Kawasan Kwitang merupakan salah satu kawasan permukiman yang padat dan sibuk di Jakarta. Akibatnya kebutuhan dasar manusia yang tidak terpenuhi menyebabkan masyarakat pada kawasan Kwitang memiliki usaha di depan rumah masing-masing. Muncullah sikap individualis karena kesibukan dan rutinitasnya yang kadang membuat mereka lupa akan pentingnya bersosialisasi dan beristirahat dari kesibukannya, karena ruang pada kawasan sedikit bagi mereka untuk melakukan kegiatan selain rutinitas seperti untuk bersosialisasi atau melakukan hubungan timbal balik. sebagaimana tentu membutuhkan kehadiran ruang ketiga yang dapat menjadi solusi untuk masyarakat melepas penat dari rutinitasnya dan saling bersosialisasi antar sesama. Dari beragam potensi dan masalah yang ada, Wadah aktivitas dan taman bacaan masyarakat bertujuan mampu mengakomodasi atau mewadahi aktivitas masyarakat dengan berusaha memenuhi kebutuhan dasar masyarakat seperti sosialisasi dan hubungan timbal balik antar orang dan menjadi karakter kawasan yang berupa penjualan buku-bukunya. Kwitang dengan pendekatan metode tahap observasi dan survei kemudian pada tahap perancangan dimulai dari analisis lokasi serta potensi konsep desain bangunan sampai hasil akhir berupa bangunan. Program diolah dengan metode form and function runs together, dan cross programming serta metode desain berupa kontinuitas dan welcoming space pada proyek. Kesimpulan pada proyek bangunan ini dengan berusaha memberikan ruang ketiga pada Kelurahan Kwitang agar manusia dapat berinteraksi, dan timbal balik antar manusia maupun dengan lingkungannya. Wadah aktivitas dan taman bacaan di Kwitang ini dapat diterapkan dalam menghasilkan sebuah 3rd Place pada sebuah kawasan. 

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

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