Gender differences in response to differing antidepressant drug classes: two negative studies

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1473-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. PARKER ◽  
K. PARKER ◽  
M.-P. AUSTIN ◽  
P. MITCHELL ◽  
H. BROTCHIE
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
Depressive Subtypes ◽  
Ssri Medication

Background. A recent US study presented data suggesting that depressed women are more likely to respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) than tricyclic (TCA) antidepressant drug therapies. We have undertaken replication studies in two independent databases.Method. We have examined for gender differences in SSRI and TCA antidepressant response in both retrospective and prospective naturalistic uncontrolled studies, and in subsets of melancholic and non-melancholic depressed subjects. As the US study had indicated that women under the age of 40 years were particularly likely to show a differential response to SSRIs, we examined for age, gender and interactional effects. In addition, we examined for differential SSRI and TCA responsiveness in a subset of patients who had received drugs from both classes.Results. We failed to find evidence of women having a preferential response to SSRI medication or, conversely, of men having a superior response to TCA medication. Older age, however, was associated with a superior TCA response and younger age with a superior SSRI response.Conclusion. As few studies have examined for differential gender and age effects in response to narrow action and broad action antidepressant drugs across major depressive subtypes, gender differential effects remain to be established.

scholarly journals Risks of Antidepressant induced psychotic events in patients with depression and psychosis

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Dakua
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Drug Classes

The aim of this ‘literature review’-based argumentative paper has been to find out the risks of developing psychotic and depressive disorders in patients having been treated with antidepressants. In order to reach a resounding supposition, this literature review-based argumentative study had taken an incisive look into previous research works and meta-analysis, which in effect had underscored the risks of antidepressant-induced psychotic and depressive disorders in patients with depression as well as psychosis even as the protagonists of antidepressant drug classes could not be undermined given their upscaled magnitude of benefits. While following a probing interpretation of past studies, this might be demystified that antidepressants could lead to psychotic events and depressive disorders in patients of all age groups with children and young adults being more susceptible to develop psychosis. The psychotic episodes could even be developed during initial phase of treatments in patients suffering from depressive and psychotic disorders such as bipolar mood disorder, unipolar depression, major depressive disorders, mania, OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder), delusional depression (psychotic depression), schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorders alongside multiple somatic symptoms among others as well. Concomitantly, with efficaciousness of antidepressants in major depressive disorder still remaining a subject to utter dubitability, different antidepressant drug classes were found to be associated with a considerable scale of adverse effects after carrying out protracted arguments on findings of evidence-based past studies, meta-analysis of previous researches and relevant clinical cases. Therefore, following a systematized approach towards past studies, this argumentative research has reached a coherent conclusion that antidepressants are likely to cause psychotic events and exaggeration of depressive disorders up to some extent in several cases. Hence, there is a stipulation of individual risk-benefit assessment and intricate history taking in patients being contemplated for antidepressant drugs alongside a close observation and follow-up in patients of all age groups after introducing antidepressant medications.

scholarly journals 229 Sleep-wake behavior, meal timings and digital media duration of Indians during COVID-19 Lockdown

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A91-A92
Author(s):  
Babita Pande ◽  
Meenakshi Sinha ◽  
Ramanjan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Therapeutic Management ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Lockdown and stay home order has been imposed on people in many countries including India to prevent the community transmission of COVID-19 pandemic. However this social restriction led to disturbed daily routine and lifestyle behaviour that is needed to be attended for proper therapeutic management of overall health during such crisis. The impact of lockdown on the most apparent behavioral changes viz. sleep-wake behaviour, major meal timings, and digital screen duration of Indians were investigated. In addition the effects of gender and age were explored. Methods After seeking permission from Ethical Institution, an online questionnaire based survey was circulated within India in the first week of May, 2020 for which total 1511 male and female (age ≥18 years) subjects participated. The sleep-wake behavior observed were sleep-wake timings, sleep duration, mid sleep time (MST) as function of lockdown, and social (lockdown) jetlag (SJL = MST before lockdown-MST during lockdown). Results The sleep onset-wakeup and meal times were significantly delayed during lockdown, which was more pronounced in younger age group. The sleep duration increased, specifically in young individuals during lockdown. Females showed more delayed sleep onset-waking times and first meal timing with longer sleep duration during lockdown. Increased digital media duration was observed in all age groups, primarily in males. The younger age group and specifically female reported higher SJL and delayed MST. A positive association was obtained between sleep duration & first meal time, and SJL & major meal timings/screen duration, and a significant negative relationship of sleep duration and SJL with age. Conclusion The study shows delayed sleep-wake schedule, meal timings and increased digital media duration among Indians during COVID-19 lockdown compared to before lockdown. Also, gender and age emerged as important mediating factors for this alteration. The pandemic has given opportunity to sleep more and compensate for the sleep. In spite of that, the higher social jetlag in young age group and female showed the compromised sleep and maladaption with societal timing. These findings have applied implications in sleep health during longer social isolation conditions and for proper therapeutic management. Support (if any) No

scholarly journals Are there mortality differences between men and women in all types of intracranial hemorrhages: subarachnoid, intraparenchymal and subdural? An analysis of the Spanish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fernandez De Bobadilla Osorio ◽  
J.R Rey-Blas ◽  
N Gonzalez-Aguado ◽  
B Fuentes ◽  
P Masedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objectives There are 3 types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): 1) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), CIE10:I60; 2) intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), I61 and 3) subdural hemorrhage (SDH) I62. Epidemiological data on this field are scarce in Mediterranean countries. Our goal was to determine whether the relationship of ICH mortality with gender and age was different for the 3 types of HIC. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Deaths/100.000 population of SAH, IPH and SDH were assessed for the entire Spanish population since 2008 to 2017 (n=46,527,039). Year 2017 was the last available for analysis. Incidence was analyzed for men and women and for age strata (<1 years of age, 2–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80; >80). Results In order to fit in the abstract space, only data of 2017 are presented, although years 2008 to 2017 were also analyzed and results were similar. Mortality/100,000 of IPH stayed very low under 40 years of age and then grew exponentially in both, men and women, and was significantly higher for men for all age strata. Mortality of SDH was much lower but behaved in a similar way: exponential growth since 40s and lower incidence in women. SAH behaved differently: it started to be significant since 20 years of age and there were no gender differences. Conclusion Mortality of intraparenchymal and subdural hemorrhage increases exponentially since 40 years of age and is lower in women. On the contrary, mortality of subarachnoid hemorrhage increases earlier and there are no gender differences. Death/100.000 intracranial hemorrhage Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Incidence, Characteristics and Outcomes of Large Vessel Stroke in COVID-19 Cohort: An International Multicenter Study

Neurosurgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyank Khandelwal ◽  
Fawaz Al-Mufti ◽  
Ambooj Tiwari ◽  
Amit Singla ◽  
Adam A Dmytriw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Rehabilitation Facilities ◽  
International Multicenter Study

Abstract BACKGROUND While there are reports of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, the overall incidence of AIS and clinical characteristics of large vessel occlusion (LVO) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To attempt to establish incidence of AIS in COVID-19 patients in an international cohort. METHODS A cross-sectional retrospective, multicenter study of consecutive patients admitted with AIS and COVID-19 was undertaken from March 1 to May 1, 2020 at 12 stroke centers from 4 countries. Out of those 12 centers, 9 centers admitted all types of strokes and data from those were used to calculate the incidence rate of AIS. Three centers exclusively transferred LVO stroke (LVOs) patients and were excluded only for the purposes of calculating the incidence of AIS. Detailed data were collected on consecutive LVOs in hospitalized patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT) across all 12 centers. RESULTS Out of 6698 COVID-19 patients admitted to 9 stroke centers, the incidence of stroke was found to be 1.3% (interquartile range [IQR] 0.75%-1.7%). The median age of LVOs patients was 51 yr (IQR 50-75 yr), and in the US centers, African Americans comprised 28% of patients. Out of 66 LVOs, 10 patients (16%) were less than 50 yr of age. Among the LVOs eligible for MT, the average time from symptom onset to presentation was 558 min (IQR 82-695 min). A total of 21 (50%) patients were either discharged to home or discharged to acute rehabilitation facilities. CONCLUSION LVO was predominant in patients with AIS and COVID-19 across 2 continents, occurring at a significantly younger age and affecting African Americans disproportionately in the USA.

scholarly journals EPID-36. ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG USE IN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL VIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii86-ii86
Author(s):  
Dorothee Gramatzki ◽  
James Rogers ◽  
Marian Neidert ◽  
Caroline Hertler ◽  
Emilie Le Rhun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Antidepressant Drug ◽  
Antidepressant Drugs ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Disease Course

Abstract PURPOSE Antidepressant drugs have shown anti-tumor activity in preclinical glioblastoma studies. Antidepressant drug use, as well as its association with survival, in glioblastoma patients has not been well characterized on a population level. METHODS Patient characteristics, including the frequency of antidepressant drug use, were assessed in a glioblastoma cohort diagnosed in a 10-year time-frame between 2005 and 2014 in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied for multivariate analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to estimate overall survival data and the log-rank test was performed for comparisons. RESULTS Four hundred four patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype glioblastoma were included in this study. Sixty-five patients (16.1%) took antidepressant drugs at some point during the disease course. Patients were most commonly prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors at any time (N=46, 70.8%). Nineteen patients (29.2%) were on antidepressant drugs at the time of their tumor diagnosis. No differences were observed in overall survival between those patients who had taken antidepressants at some point in their disease course and those who had not (p=0.356). These data were confirmed in a multivariate analysis including age, Karnofsky performance status, gender, extent of resection, O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status, and first-line treatment as cofounders (p=0.315). Also, there was no association of use of drugs modulating voltage-dependent potassium channels (citalopram; escitalopram) with survival (p=0.639). CONCLUSIONS This signal-seeking study does not support the hypothesis that antidepressants have antitumor efficacy in glioblastoma on a population level.

Gender Differences in Proxemics: Taxi-Seat Choice

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N. Kenner ◽  
George Katsimaglis
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender And Age

Observations of seating choice by 648 urban Australian taxi passengers demonstrated that the preferred position within the vehicle was largely determined by the gender and age of the passenger.

scholarly journals Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance in Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) Clinical Infections and Association with Epidemiological Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S366-S366
Author(s):  
Sanjana Mukherjee ◽  
Rebekah Mosci ◽  
Chase Anderson ◽  
Brian Snyder ◽  
James Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Antibiotic Prescription ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Prescription Rates ◽  
Foodborne Infections

Abstract Background STEC and NTS are leading causes of foodborne infections in the US. Monitoring resistance in these pathogens is essential to understand the distribution of resistance profiles and because of the high likelihood of horizontal transfer of resistance genes to other pathogens. Data involving resistance in clinical STEC and NTS isolates from Michigan is lacking. Methods Clinical STEC (n = 353) and NTS (n = 148) isolates from the MDHHS (2010–2014) were examined for resistance using disk diffusion, E-test or broth microdilution. Case information and epidemiological data for STEC isolates was extracted and associations with resistant infections were determined using chi square tests in SAS 9.3 and EpiInfo™ 7. Results Overall, 31 (8.8%, n = 353) STEC isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic; high frequencies of resistance were observed for ampicillin (7.4%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (4.0%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin (0.28%) and all three drug classes (0.28%) was less common. Preliminary results indicate that O157 resistance to ampicillin (4.8%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (3.4%) was higher in Michigan compared with national frequencies (ampicillin = 2.7%, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole= 1.5%). Higher resistance frequencies were also observed in counties with high (11.3%) vs. low (7.7%) antibiotic prescription rates. For NTS, 23 (15.5%) isolates were resistant to ≥1 antibiotic. Resistance varied by serotype with high frequencies in Typhimurium (20%, n = 20), Newport (17.6%, n = 17) and Enteritidis (4.8%, n = 42); 11 (7.4%) NTS isolates were resistant to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. Conclusion Continuous monitoring of resistance in clinical STEC and NTS is warranted due to their importance as food pathogens. The identification of risk factors for resistance is crucial to develop alternative prevention practices to reduce the health burden of resistant infections in Michigan, which is not part of the FoodNet surveillance network. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Co-Sleeping: Gender Differences in College Students' Retrospective Reports of Sleeping with Parents during Childhood

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1423-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Billingham ◽  
Shannon Zentall
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
First Year ◽  
Retrospective Reports ◽  
Younger Age

161 women and 111 men, Caucasian college students, provided retrospective information about their patterns of sleeping during childhood. The practice of co-sleeping was common, with 33.7% reporting that they co-slept in their parents' room during their first week after birth, 29.4% during the first month after birth, and 27.5% during their second month after birth. In addition, 6.3% of women and 11.9% of men reported that they co-slept during the entire first year after birth. Finally, a sex-specific pattern of co-sleeping was found with more women reporting that they co-slept with their parents during their first week and first month after birth, but a greater percentage of men than women reported that they co-slept with their parents at older ages. It appears that girls are removed from the parents' room at a younger age and more frequently than are boys.

scholarly journals Jealousy as a Function of Rival Characteristics: Two large replication studies and meta-analyses support gender differences in reactions to rival attractiveness but not dominance.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Victor Pollet ◽  
Tamsin Saxton
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Replication Studies ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Meta Analyses

Jealousy is a key emotion studied in the context of romantic relationships. One seminal study (Dijkstra, P., & Buunk, B. (1998). Jealousy as a function of rival characteristics: An evolutionary perspective. PSPB, 24(11), 1158–1166. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672982411003) investigated the interactions between a participant’s gender, and their reactions to the attractiveness or dominance of a romantic rival. In a vignette-based study, they found that women’s jealousy was more responsive than men’s to a rival’s attractiveness, whereas in contrast, the rival’s dominance evoked more jealousy from men than from women. Here, we attempt to replicate these interactions in two samples (N=339 and N=456), and present subsequent meta-analyses (combined Ns= 5,899 & 4,038, respectively). These meta-analyses showed a small, significant effect of gender on jealousy provoked by rival attractiveness, but no such response to rival dominance. We discuss the potential reasons for these findings, and future directions for research on jealousy and rival characteristics.

scholarly journals Personal Digital Health Assistants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Uday Jain ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Job Stress ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Open Population ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Working Day

The Aim: To determine gender differences in the dynamic of job stress indicators in an open population of 25-64 years over a long-term period - 29 years in Russia / Siberia (Novosibirsk). Methods: Within the framework of the screening in 1988-89 under the WHO MONICA-psychosocial (MOPSY) program (n=1676, 49.5% males, mean age 44.1±0.4 years), in 2003-2005 under the international project HAPIEE (n=1650, 34.9% males, mean age 54.25±0.2 years), in 2013-2016 (n=975, 43.8% males, mean age 34.5±0,4 years) and 2016-2017 (n=663, 41.3% males, mean age 51.95±0.32 years) within the framework of the budgetary theme No. AAAA-A17-117112850280-2, random representative samples of men and women in one of districts in Novosibirsk were examined. Job stress indicators were assessed using the Karasek’s scale adopted by MONICA-MOPSY. Results: About 40% of male and female population in 1988 reported a change in occupation in the previous 12 years. The highest proportion of such persons was observed in the younger age groups and significant gender differences were also found there. By 2016-17, the proportion of those who changed their specialty decreased but gender differences were not determined. In 2016-17, the proportion of men and women who enjoy their job increased slightly compared to 1988, but the gender difference was insignificant. Responsibility at work increased up to 58.2% and 54.5%, respectively in dynamics among young men and women. In 2016-17, the perception of responsibility at the workplace returned to the semblance of 1988 without gender differences. Regarding changes in the workplace, in 1988, the most frequent were "change of salary" and "change of workplace" for both sexes. Men more often than women indicated conflicts with their superiors and subordinates. In 2013, the change of workplace was reported more often than changes in salary (especially in the youngest group of 25-34 years old) but in 2017 these answers correlated with each other, amounting to 11-12%. No gender differences were observed. In 2013-16, share of men and women who reduced their workload increased to 20%. This proportion decreased in 2016-17. And the trend towards an increase in workload at the workplace moved at a faster pace, especially among middle-aged and older men. The proportion of women who cannot relax and rest after usual working day in the period from 1988 to 2013-16 was stable at 38-39%; but by 2016-2017 it decreased by a third. The proportion of such men has been growing over 29 years and began to exceed women by 10% in 2016-17. Conclusions: Both genders began to perform additional work tasks more often and to assess their responsibility at work as high over 29 years of observations. There is a trend towards eliminating of sex differences.

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