scholarly journals Genetic effects on alcohol dependence risk: re-evaluating the importance of psychiatric and other heritable risk factors

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIE S. KNOPIK ◽  
ANDREW C. HEATH ◽  
PAMELA A. F. MADDEN ◽  
KATHLEEN K. BUCHOLZ ◽  
WENDY S. SLUTSKE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Church Attendance ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Environmental Influences ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
History Of

Background. Genetic influences have been shown to play a major role in determining the risk of alcohol dependence (AD) in both women and men; however, little attention has been directed to identifying the major sources of genetic variation in AD risk.Method. Diagnostic telephone interview data from young adult Australian twin pairs born between 1964 and 1971 were analyzed. Cox regression models were fitted to interview data from a total of 2708 complete twin pairs (690 MZ female, 485 MZ male, 500 DZ female, 384 DZ male, and 649 DZ female/male pairs). Structural equation models were fitted to determine the extent of residual genetic and environmental influences on AD risk while controlling for effects of sociodemographic and psychiatric predictors on risk.Results. Risk of AD was increased in males, in Roman Catholics, in those reporting a history of major depression, social anxiety problems, and conduct disorder, or (in females only) a history of suicide attempt and childhood sexual abuse; but was decreased in those reporting Baptist, Methodist, or Orthodox religion, in those who reported weekly church attendance, and in university-educated males. After allowing for the effects of sociodemographic and psychiatric predictors, 47% (95% CI 28–55) of the residual variance in alcoholism risk was attributable to additive genetic effects, 0% (95% CI 0–14) to shared environmental factors, and 53% (95% CI 45–63) to non-shared environmental influences.Conclusions. Controlling for other risk factors, substantial residual heritability of AD was observed, suggesting that psychiatric and other risk factors play a minor role in the inheritance of AD.

scholarly journals Risk factors for developing cardiac toxicities in cancer patients treated with panitumumab combination therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 1359-1370
Author(s):  
Wei-xiang Qi ◽  
Shengguang Zhao ◽  
Jiayi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmia ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Ischemic Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Caucasian Patients ◽  
Ischemic Events

Aim: To evaluate the incidence and risk of cardiac toxicities associated with panitumumab in advanced cancer of Caucasian patients. Materials & methods: The incidence of cardiac toxicity was assessed by simple incidence rates and rates per 100 person-years. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was conducted. Results: Panitumumab-containing therapy significantly increased the risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias (p = 0.036), but not for any cardiac event (p = 0.24) or ischemic event (p = 0.087). The absolute rate of developing cardiac arrhythmia was 10.0 events versus 7.5 events per 100 person-years. Pre-existing hypertension (p = 0.033), history of cardiac disease (p = 0.055) or panitumumab usage (p = 0.046) were risk factors for cardiac arrhythmias. Conclusion: The addition of panitumumab to chemotherapy increases the risk of developing cardiac arrhythmia, but not for any cardiac toxicity or ischemic events.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Atrial Fibrillation following a Cardiac Surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Marai ◽  
Wiaam Khatib ◽  
Liza Grosman-Rimon ◽  
Shemy Carasso ◽  
Ali Sakhnini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vascular Accidents ◽  
Preoperative Factors

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) following cardiac surgery is common and has clinical impact on morbidity. The preoperative and intraoperative risk factors are still not well defined. The objective of the study was to examine preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for AF following cardiac surgery. Methods: A retrospective analysis of a database of cardiac surgeries was performed during 2017-2019 at Poriya Medical Center. Preoperative factors and intraoperative were recorded. Results: 208 patients were included in this analysis. Overall AF following cardiac surgery was detected in 50 (24%) patients. Of 175 patients who did not have history of AF prior to surgery, 27 (15.5%) had post-operative AF. In the 33 patients with previous AF, AF following surgery was detected in 23 (70%). Patients with AF following surgery who were older (66.2±8.0 vs. 60.7± 11.4 years, p=0.002), were treated more with anti-arrhythmic drugs (18.9% vs 4.5, p<0.001), and had higher rates of pre-operative AF (46% vs 6.3%, p=0.0001), prior cerebral vascular accidents (14% vs 4.4%, p=0.019), and prior valve replacement (10% vs 1.9%, p=0.009) compared to patients without AF following surgery. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, age (HR 1.04, CI 1.01-1.07, P=0.006) and history of preoperative AF (HR 6.01, CI 3.42-10.57, P<0.001) were predictors of AF following cardiac surgery. The probability of being free of postsurgical AF was 80% among patients without history of AF compared to 30% in patients with previous AF history (p<0.001). Conclusion: Preoperative AF and age were predictors of AF following cardiac surgery

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Early Recurrence of Gallstones in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopy Combined With Choledochoscopic Lithotomy: A Single-Center Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Anhua Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
Haidong Li ◽  
Wenqing Bao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Gallbladder Wall ◽  
Postoperative Recurrence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Objective: For patients with gallstones, laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopic lithotomy is a therapeutic surgical option for preservation rather than the removal of the gallbladder. However, postoperative recurrence of gallstones is a key concern for both patients and surgeons. This prospective study was performed to investigate the risk factors for early postoperative recurrence of gallstones.Methods: The clinical data of 466 patients were collected. Each patient was followed up for up to 2 years. The first follow-up visit occurred 4 months after the operation, and a follow-up visit was carried out every 6 months thereafter. The main goal of each visit was to confirm the presence or absence of gallbladder stones. The factors associated with gallstone recurrence were analyzed by univariate analysis and Cox regression.Results: In total, 466 eligible patients were included in the study, and 438 patients (180 men and 258 women) completed the 2-year postoperative follow-up. The follow-up rate was 94.0%. Recurrence of gallstones was detected in 5.71% (25/438) of the patients. Univariate analysis revealed five risk factors for the recurrence of gallstones. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that multiple gallstones, a gallbladder wall thickness of ≥4 mm, and a family history of gallbladder stones were the three predictive factors for postoperative recurrence of gallstones (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The overall 2-year recurrence rate of gallstones after the operation was 5.71%. Multiple gallstones, a gallbladder wall thickness of ≥4 mm, and a family history of gallstones were the three risk factors associated with early postoperative recurrence of gallstones.

P1395The role of hyponatremia in the development of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery

EP Europace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pavlikova ◽  
A Shevelyok ◽  
N Vatutin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Sodium Level ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Serum Sodium Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common complication after cardiac surgeries. Age, valvular heart disease, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a history of AF are well known risk factors for postoperative AF. On the other hand, hyponatremia is also a frequent disorder in patients undergoing cardiac surgery but its relationship with AF has not been studied. Purpose. We evaluated the impact of hyponatremia on the incidence of postoperative AF in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods. The retrospective study included case history of 222 patients (174 men and 48 women, median age 64.5 [range 58.0; 69.0] years) who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass between January 2015 and December 2018.  In all patients intraoperative sodium level was analyzed. Hyponatremia was defined as serum sodium level &lt; 135 mmol/l. Primary outcome was the episode of AF in postoperative period. Results. The incidence of postoperative AF was 18.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 14.1-24.3 P = 0.05). Patients with AF more often had obesity, diabetes mellitus and a history of myocardial infarction and were more likely to perform combined surgery compared to non-AF patients (all Ps &lt; 0.05). The prevalence of hyponatremia was significantly higher among AF group compared with non-AF (95.2% versus 77.8%, P = 0.017). Hyponatremia was the independent risk factors of postoperative AF in Cox regression models adjusted for covariates (odds ratio 5.31; 95% CI 1.42-18.7; P = 0.017). Conclusion.  In this analysis serum sodium level was closely associated with the risk of AF. These findings suggest that hyponatremia may cause the development of postoperative AF in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cardiotoxicity and related risk factors in long-term trastuzumab (T) administration for metastatic breast cancer (MBC): A retrospective analysis.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e11616-e11616
Author(s):  
Barbara Pistilli ◽  
Andrea Marcellusi ◽  
Michele Valeri ◽  
Umberto Torresi ◽  
Dania Nacciarriti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Concomitant Chemotherapy ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of

e11616 Background: Continuing T beyond progression has become a common strategy in the treatment of human epidermal growth receptor 2- overexpressing (HER2) MBC. However, T administered for several years with concomitant chemotherapy elicits concern about cardiac safety especially in patients (pts) with risk factors. Methods: Cardiac events (CEs) and survival of HER2 MBC pts treated with T +/- chemotherapy at our institution from Dec 2003 to Jun 2012 were evaluated. CEs were graded by NCI-CTCAE v 3.0. Risk factors assessed for cardiotoxicity were: age, body mass index, antihypertensive therapy, history of cardiac disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, smoking, prior radiotherapy on the chest wall, prior cumulative dose of anthracycline(A), interval between last A dose and first T dose, baseline LVEF, continued/interrupted T exposure, concomitant chemotherapy. Chi-square test was used to compare distribution of CEs over different times of T exposure (p≤ 0.05). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to assess the effect of risk predictors. Results: Sixty-two pts assessable. Median age 52 years (range, 29 to 76), median cumulative time receiving T 29.5 months (range, 3 to 99 months); 40 pts (64.5%) received T without interruption and 19 pts (30.6%) were treated for more than 36 months. CEs occurred in 11 out of all pts (17.7%): grade 1 in 3 pts (4.8%), grade 2 in 5 (8.1%) and grade 3 in 3 (4.8%). The rate of CEs showed no statistically significant difference in pts receiving T for up to 36 months and over: 7/43 (16.3%) and 4/19 (21%), respectively, (p =0.724). In univariate Cox regression analysis significant risk factors were: history of cardiac disease (HR 6,814, 95% CI: 1,384-33,542) and smoking (HR 5,228, 95% CI: 1,403-19,491). In multivariate analysis smoking was the only independent predictor (HR 5,886, 95% CI: 1,479-23,247). Median survival from MBC diagnosis was 50 months (range, 6 to 101 months). Conclusions: Despite the limited sample size, our analysis suggests that cardiotoxicity does not hamper a long-term use of T, since the rate of CEs did not increase in pts treated over 36 months. Moreover, smoking appears to be a predictive factor of T cardiotoxicity.

Evaluate Survival Rate of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Yazd from 1390 to 1394

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2339-2345
Author(s):  
Shokoh Taghipour ◽  
Marzieh Ghane Ezabadi ◽  
Vahid Rakhshandeh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
History Of

Objectives: Liver cancer is one of the five most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide and the seventh most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of death in women from cancers. Liver cancer was the tenth most common cancer in Yazd in 1388 to 19% in women and 26% of males that has been more prevalent than in other provincial capitals. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study is a census of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who referred to Yazd hospital pathology centers. All samples that have complete data from 1390 to 1394 were enrolled in the study. Information including age, sex, method of treatment and numbers of patients collected and then analyzed using statistical software spss 16 is placed. The aim of this study was to determine the survival rate of liver cancer patients according to age, sex, treatment, race and disease risk factors. Results: Of the 48 patients, 47.9% were female and 52.1% male during the five years . the average of age in this study was 62.81years. of the patients studied was 62.81 years .93.8% of patients were Iranian race. In this study, median survival was 7.43 months. The diabetes melitus with a prevalence of 18.8% was most common among the risk factors. alcohol consumption and the prevalence of hepatitis C has the lowest prevalence that was 1.9%. 83% of patients in this study were treated but other don’t come satisfaction for any treatment. Conclusion: In this study, like other studies, the incidence of liver cancer in men was higher than women. Most were Iranian people and the relationship between race and survival was no significant relationship between age, type of treatment, such as surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy with survival rate was not significant. But after Cox regression between age, family history of liver cancer, diabetes and treatment with survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, there was a significant relationship. Keywords: HCC, Yazd, Survival

Abstract 3649: Menstrual Cycling and Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Disease Events in Post-Menopausal Women: Results from the NIH-NHLBI-Sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Delia Johnson ◽  
C. Noel Bairey Merz ◽  
Ricardo Azziz ◽  
Glenn D Braunstein ◽  
Leslee J Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Explanatory Mechanism ◽  
Cad Risk

Background: Menstrual cycling irregularity is being associated with greater frequency of diabetes and adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, suggesting a mechanistic link between ovarian dysfunction, CAD risk factors, and CAD. Confirmation of this link and potential explanatory mechanism(s) have not been established. Methods: We compared 686 postmenopausal women with and without a history of irregular cycles who were undergoing coronary angiography for suspected ischemia and enrolled in the WISE study. Coronary angiography was assessed by a core laboratory, and the women were prospectively followed for a median of 5.9 years. Chi square and rank sums analyses were used to compare the women on the presence and severity of CAD, CAD risk factors, and CV events. Multivariate Cox regression, adjusting for angiographic CAD and CAD risk factors was used to define time to death, MI, stroke, and angina hospitalization. Results: Overall mean age was 62, 18% were non-white, 130 (19%) reported a history of irregular cycles, and 42% had CAD (≥ 50% stenosis). Women with irregular cycles were younger (p=0.01) but did not exhibit more diabetes, obesity, or metabolic syndrome than those with regular cycles. They became menopausal at a younger age (42 ±10 vs 46 ±8, p=0.001) and had more frequent hysterectomy or oophorectomy (both p<0.01). Women with irregular cycles had a similar adjusted prevalence and severity of angiographic CAD compared to those without irregular cycles, yet had a doubled risk for MI (6% vs. 3%, p=0.02) and higher angina hospitalization rate (34% vs. 28%, p=0.01). No differences were found for the incidence of stroke or death. The relationship was maintained in risk-adjusted models controlling for metabolic syndrome, ethnicity and angiographic CAD severity (p=0.01 for MI and p=0.01 for angina hospitalization). Conclusion: Although less commonly applied, a history of menstrual cycling irregularity may be an important clinical marker of downstream risk, which is not immediately explained by the presence or severity of CAD risk factors or angiographic CAD. Additional, non-CAD risk factors, such as hormonal, inflammatory and thrombotic variables, may play a role mechanistically in the link between menstrual irregularity and adverse events.

scholarly journals Perioperative risk factors for occurrence of myasthenia gravis after thymectomy in patients with thymoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-526
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Jianyong Zou ◽  
Chunhua Su ◽  
Haoshuai Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Tumour Resection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to identify the relationship between clinical characteristics and the occurrence of postoperative myasthenia gravis (PMG) in patients with thymomas and to further identify the relationship between PMG and prognosis. METHODS Thymoma patients who had surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between July 2004 and July 2016 were reviewed and those who had no previous symptoms of myasthenia gravis were selected for further investigation. In total, 229 patients were included in the study; their clinical characteristics were gathered and analysed. RESULTS Among the 229 patients, 19 (8.3%) had PMG. The time between the operation and the onset of myasthenia gravis was 134 days on average (range 2–730 days). Patients experiencing PMG showed a lower rate of complete thymoma resection (73.7% vs 91.4%; P = 0.014) and total thymectomy (63.2% vs 82.9%; P = 0.035) compared with those who did not. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression revealed that thymomectomy [odds ratio (OR) 2.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–7.77; P = 0.047] and incomplete tumour resection (OR 3.79, 95% CI 1.20–11.98; P = 0.023) were associated with the occurrence of PMG. Multivariable Cox regression showed that the PMG was not related to overall survival (P = 0.087). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that incomplete tumour resection and thymomectomy were independent risk factors for PMG in thymoma patients with no previous history of myasthenia gravis.

scholarly journals Antidepressant prescriptions and associated factors in men with prostate cancer and their female partners

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Hartung ◽  
Ida Rask Moustsen ◽  
Signe Benzon Larsen ◽  
Elisabeth A. Wreford Andersen ◽  
Nis P. Suppli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Antidepressant Prescription ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
First Time

Abstract Purpose To estimate the risk of first-time antidepressant prescriptions as a proxy for depression or anxiety and associated risk factors in patients with prostate cancer and their female partners. Methods We followed all men (n = 25,126) and their female cohabiting partners (n = 8785) without a history of cancer or antidepressants from the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort from 1997 to 2014 or 2010, respectively. We estimated the cumulative incidence of first-time antidepressant prescriptions in men with prostate cancer compared with cancer-free men and their respective female partners, using the Danish National Prescription Registry. Sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and clinical risk factors were assessed using Cox regression models. Results A total of 1828 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer of whom 15% received antidepressants. The unadjusted hazard ratio of antidepressant prescription was 2.18 (95%CI, 1.92, 2.48) for men with prostate cancer and 1.27 (95%CI, 0.87, 1.85) for their partners, compared with cancer-free men and their partners, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle-related, and comorbidity factors, this risk was 2-fold to 4-fold increased among patients, but not significantly increased among partners. Significant risk factors among patients were curative and palliative treatment (vs. active surveillance and watchful waiting), nonlocalized disease, and short education. Conclusions Men with prostate cancer have a higher risk of receiving antidepressant medication than cancer-free men. Clinical characteristics can help clinicians in identifying patients at a high risk of depression or anxiety. Implications for Cancer Survivors Men with prostate cancer who experience symptoms of depression or anxiety should seek professional help early on. Patient education could aid in raising awareness and reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage in Warfarin Anticoagulated Patients: Incidence, Risk Factor, Management, and Outcome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chi Chen ◽  
Yan-Hua Chen ◽  
Ping-I Hsu ◽  
Feng-Woei Tsay ◽  
Hoi-Hung Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Warfarin Therapy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Risk Factor Management ◽  
Asian Patients ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anticoagulated Patients

Background.Warfarin reduces the incidence of thromboembolism but increases the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). GIB during warfarin anticoagulation is rarely evaluated in Asian patients.Aims.This study aimed at investigating the incidence, risk factors, management, and outcome of GIB in Taiwanese patients treated with warfarin.Methods.We analyzed a cohort of warfarin anticoagulated patients between July 1993 and May 2012. Clinical data were retrieved in a chart-reviewing manner.Results.A total of 401 warfarin anticoagulated patients were enrolled. The incidence of GIB was 3.9% per patient-years. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression showed that age >65 years old (RR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.2–5.5), a mean international normalized ratio >2.1 (RR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0–4.2), a history of GIB (RR: 5.1, 95% CI: 1.9–13.5), and cirrhosis (RR: 6.9, 95% CI: 2.0–24.5) were independent factors predicting GIB. 27.3% of the GIB patients had rebleeding after restarting warfarin while thromboembolic events were found in 16.7% of the patients discontinuing warfarin therapy.Conclusions.Warfarin was associated with a significant incidence of GIB in Taiwanese patients. The intensity of anticoagulation should be monitored closely during warfarin therapy, especially in patients with risk factors of GIB.

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