Metabolic syndrome among young adults at high and low familial risk for depression

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shimrit Daches ◽  
Miklós Vértes ◽  
Karen Matthews ◽  
Edit Dósa ◽  
Eniko Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background Our study examined whether the early-onset depression phenotype among young adults (probands) is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, and if MetS characterizes unaffected but high-risk siblings of probands. Methods We studied three groups of young adults (Mage = 25 years, s.d. = 3.84 years): probands with histories of childhood onset depression – i.e. early-onset phenotype – (n = 293), their unaffected siblings (high-risk siblings, n = 273), and healthy controls (n = 171). Participants completed a full psychiatric interview, physical and laboratory assessments, and self-rating scales. MetS was defined using the criteria of the Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (2001). Results Early-onset depression phenotype and being a high-risk sibling were associated with higher MetS composite scores relative to that of controls, but did not differ from one another. With regard to MetS components: Probands and siblings had similarly larger waist circumference and lower HDL than did controls, while siblings and controls had lower triglyceride levels than did probands but did not differ from one another. Groups did not differ on glucose levels and SBP. Conclusions Our study extends the literature on the association between MetS and depression and underscores the importance of depression phenotypes: failure to account for the clinical heterogeneity of depression may partly underlie the inconsistent findings regarding its relation to MetS. The results also suggest that, in depression-prone populations, MetS may predate and possibly function as a risk factor for eventual depression.

Evaluating metabolic syndrome in a medical physiology laboratory

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Martin ◽  
John B. Watkins ◽  
J. W. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Program Step ◽  
Physiology Laboratory

The metabolic syndrome, a cluster of factors linked to obesity that contribute to risk for atherosclerosis and Type 2 diabetes, may affect 20–25% of the adults in the United States. We designed a medical physiology laboratory to evaluate and discuss the physiological and nutritional principles involved in the metabolic syndrome. The five criteria used to diagnose this syndrome (fasting blood triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose, blood pressure, central obesity) were measured by students on each other either previously or during this exercise. In addition, to illustrate nutritional factors involved in causation and treatment of the metabolic syndrome, a meal was provided during the laboratory. Class members were randomized to groups allowed ad libitum meal composition, or constrained to the National Cholesterol Education Program Step I or Step II diets. The composition of the diet (including saturated fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber, and carbohydrate content) was discussed in the context of blood cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose levels. This laboratory allows a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and nutritional factors involved in the development of the metabolic syndrome.

Role of genetic factors in the development of hypertension in young patients with metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Elena Korneeva ◽  
Mikhail Voevoda ◽  
Sergey Semaev ◽  
Vladimir Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Integrin Αiibβ3 ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Results of the study related to polymorphism of ACE gene (rs1799752)‎, integrin αIIbβ3, and CSK gene (rs1378942) influencing development of arterial hypertension in young patients with metabolic syndrome are presented. Hypertension as a component of the metabolic syndrome was detected in 15.0% of young patients. Prevalence of mutant alleles of the studied genes among the examined patients was quite high, so homozygous DD genotype was found in 21.6%, and mutant D allele of the ACE gene in 47.4%. A high risk of hypertension in patients with MS was detected in carriers of the T allele of the CSK (rs1378942) gene – 54.8%, which was most often observed in a combination of polymorphic ACE and CSK gene loci (p = 0.0053).

scholarly journals An epigenetic map of age-associated autosomal loci in northern European families at high risk for the metabolic syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Ali ◽  
Diana Cerjak ◽  
Jack W Kent ◽  
Roland James ◽  
John Blangero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Northern European

scholarly journals Associations of n-3 Fatty Acids and Fish Consumption with the Metabolic Syndrome in College Students (P18-022-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Karazurna ◽  
Caitlin Porter ◽  
Jesse Stabile Morrell ◽  
Sherman Bigornia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Objectives Evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acid (n-3 FA) and fish consumption may reduce the risk of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in older adults. We previously reported that MetS components are prevalent among college students. Identifying modifiable risk factors of developing MetS and its components in young adults will inform potential targets to reduce the risk of age-related health conditions. Our objectives were to measure the cross-sectional impacts of n-3 FA and fish consumption on ≥2 or ≥3 MetS criteria and individual criteria among college students. Methods The College Health and Nutrition Assessment Survey is an on-going cross-sectional study at a public New England college. We examined data from Jan 2008 – May 2017. After excluding those with missing data our final sample size was n = 4271 for n-3 FA & n = 2072 for fish intake analyses. Diet was assessed by a 3 day food record; MetS criteria were collected in fasted state. We expressed n-3 FAs as g/1000 kcals/d. Servings of fish/week was obtained via an online survey. Individuals were categorized as consuming ≥ 2 servings/week or not. MetS was defined as meeting ≥ 3 criteria: elevated glucose, triglycerides, blood pressure, waist circumference, and low HDL. Analyses were conducted by logistic regression. Results The average n-3 FA intake was 0.4 g/1000 kcal/d ± 0.25 & 40% consumed ≥ 2 servings of fish/week. Prevalence estimates for meeting ≥ 2 criteria was 18.8% and 4.8% for MetS. In sex- and energy- adjusted models, n-3 FA consumption was inversely associated with MetS (OR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.20, 0.71) and ≥2 MetS criteria (OR = 0.67; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.91). Associations were no longer significant after considering additional confounders. Fish consumption was not significantly associated with MetS or ≥2 criteria in any model. Further n-3 FAs and fish consumption was not associated with any individual MetS criteria. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study among college students, n-3 FA and fish consumption were not significantly associated with MetS outcomes. Further research is needed in this population using longitudinal study designs to understand long-term impact of n-3 consumption on the development of MetS and associated cardio metabolic risk factors in young adults. Funding Sources New Hampshire Agriculture Experiment Station and USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture Hatch Project 1010738.

scholarly journals Liver markers, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome abnormalities and effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in morbidly obese subjects

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-435
Author(s):  
Ary Serpa Neto ◽  
Felipe Martin Bianco Rossi ◽  
Rodrigo Dal Moro Amarante ◽  
Marçal Rossi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Liver Markers

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the relations between liver markers (GGT, ALT and AST) and the metabolic syndrome (and its components) in morbidly obese subjects, and to determine the response of these metabolic factors and hepatic enzymes after weight loss induced by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Methods: This study was carried out at a university hospital, in Santo André (SP), Brazil. We evaluated 140 morbidly obese subjects aged from 18 to 60 years submitted to a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, who were followed for a mean period of 8 months. Patients with a history of heavy drinking, type 1 diabetes, and/or liver disease were excluded. Results: Liver markers, most notably GGT, were strongly associated with metabolic abnormalities, mainly hyperglycemia. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes significantly increased with increasing levels of GGT (highest versus lowest quartile GGT: odds ratio 3.89 [95%CI: 1.07-14.17]). Liver markers significantly decreased 8 months after the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the reduction of GGT levels were associated with the reduction of glucose levels (Pearson r = 0.286; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Elevated levels of liver markers, principally GGT, in morbidly obese subjects are associated with metabolic abnormalities. In addition to the well-known benefits of bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, reduced the levels of liver markers to the normal range.

scholarly journals Parameters of Glucose Homeostasis in the Recognition of the Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults with Prader–Willi Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5635
Author(s):  
Graziano Grugni ◽  
Antonio Fanolla ◽  
Fiorenzo Lupi ◽  
Silvia Longhi ◽  
Antonella Saezza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Prader Willi Syndrome ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Threshold ◽  
Age Related

To verify the accuracy of different indices of glucose homeostasis in recognizing the metabolic syndrome in a group of adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS), 102 PWS patients (53 females/49 males), age ±SD 26.9 ± 7.6 yrs, Body Mass Index (BMI) 35.7 ± 10.7, were studied. The following indices were assessed in each subject during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 1 h (>155 mg/dL) and 2 h (140–199 mg/dL) glucose levels, the oral disposition index (ODI), the insulinogenic index (IGI), the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were evaluated at baseline, 1 h and 2 h. Although minor differences among indices were found, according to the ROC analysis, no index performed better in recognizing MetS. Furthermore, the diagnostic threshold levels changed over the years and therefore the age-related thresholds were calculated. The easily calculated HOMA-IR at baseline may be used to accurately diagnose MetS, thus avoiding more complicated procedures.

scholarly journals Hyperadiponectinemia protects against premature death in metabolic syndrome model mice by inhibiting AKT signaling and chronic inflammation

2012 ◽  
Vol 213 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Otabe ◽  
N Wada ◽  
T Hashinaga ◽  
X Yuan ◽  
I Shimokawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Phosphorylated Akt

We previously reported that transgenic (Tg) expression of adiponectin significantly prolonged the lifespan of normal mice. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism involved in the longevity effects of adiponectin using KK/Ta mice, a murine model of metabolic syndrome. We established a Tg line of KK/Ta (Tg-KK/Ta) mice expressing human adiponectin in the liver, and assessed their lifespan. The cause of death was determined by macroscopic and microscopic examinations immediately after death. The expressions of SIRT1, C-reactive protein (CRP), inflammatory cytokines, AMPK, and AKT were measured by quantitative real-time PCR, ELISAs, and/or western blotting. KK/Ta mice had lower serum adiponectin levels and shorter lifespan (57.6±13.9 vs 106.5±18.3 weeks, P<0.0001) than C57BL/6N mice. Tg adiponectin expression significantly extended the lifespan of KK/Ta mice (73.6±16.6 weeks, P<0.001) without affecting body weight, daily food consumption, or plasma glucose levels. Neoplasms were observed in only three of 22 KK/Ta mice that died spontaneously because of tumors. Atherosclerotic lesions were not detected in any mice. SIRT1 levels were not significantly different between KK/Ta and Tg-KK/Ta mice. Gene expressions of Crp, Tnfα, Il6, and Nfκb were increased in KK/Ta mice, but they were significantly attenuated in Tg-KK/Ta mice. Phosphorylated AMPK levels were increased and phosphorylated AKT levels were decreased in Tg-KK/Ta mice. The anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin, achieved by inhibiting the AKT signaling pathway, may explain how adiponectin slows the accelerated aging process associated with the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Modern fat technology: what is the potential for heart health?

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Upritchard ◽  
M. J. Zeelenberg ◽  
H. Huizinga ◽  
P. M. Verschuren ◽  
E. A. Trautwein
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Saturated andtrans-fatty acids raise total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and are known to increase the risk of CHD, while dietary unsaturated fatty acids play important roles in maintaining cardiovascular health. Replacing saturated fats with unsaturated fats in the diet often involves many complex dietary changes. Modifying the composition of foods high in saturated fat, particularly those foods that are consumed daily, can help individuals to meet the nutritional targets for reducing the risk of CHD. In the 1960s the Dutch medical community approached Unilever about the technical feasibility of producing margarine with a high-PUFA and low-saturated fatty acid composition. Margarine is an emulsion of water in liquid oil that is stabilised by a network of fat crystals. In-depth expertise of fat crystallisation processes allowed Unilever scientists to use a minimum of solid fat (saturated fatty acids) to structure a maximum level of PUFA-rich liquid oil, thus developing the first blood-cholesterol-lowering product, Becel. Over the years the composition of this spread has been modified to reflect new scientific findings and recommendations. The present paper will briefly review the developments in fat technology that have made these improvements possible. Unilever produces spreads that are low in total fat and saturated fat, virtually free oftrans-fatty acids and with levels ofn-3 andn-6 PUFA that are in line with the latest dietary recommendations for the prevention of CHD. Individuals with the metabolic syndrome have a 2–4-fold increased risk of developing CHD; therefore, these spreads could make a contribution to CHD prevention in this group. In addition, for individuals with the metabolic syndrome the spreads could be further modified to address their unique dyslipidaemia, i.e. elevated blood triacylglycerols and low HDL-cholesterol. Research conducted in the LIPGENE study and other dietary intervention studies will deliver the scientific evidence to justify further modifications in the composition of spreads that are healthy for the heart disease risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome.

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