Photoperiod Effects on the Reproductive Biology of Purple Nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The effects of 8-, 12-, and 16-h photoperiods on the growth and reproductive biology of purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundusL.) were investigated over a 3-month period. Plants under the 8-h photoperiod produced the least total, shoot, root, rhizome, and tuber dry weight. Flowering occurred only at the 12-h photoperiod; thus, purple nutsedge is intermediate in flowering response to daylength. Although the total dry weight varied with photoperiod, the relative amount of dry weight (as percent of total weight) partitioned to shoots, roots, rhizomes, and tubers was constant.

scholarly journals The potential of Cosmos sulphureus flower extract as a bioherbicide for Cyperus rotundus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dyah Respatie ◽  
Yudono Prapto ◽  
Aziz Purwantoro ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. Respatie. D. W, Yudono P, Purwantoro A, Trisyono Y.A. 2019. The potential of Cosmos sulphureus flower extract as a bioherbicide for Cyperus rotundus. Biodiversitas 20: 3568-3574. Cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) flower is recognized as natural source of bioherbicide compounds for several weeds. The purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) is an important weed, and this research was aimed to determine the effects of cosmos flower extract on this weed. Dried cosmos flowers were threshed and extracted using maceration method with 70% alcohol. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Purple nutsedge tubers were planted in polybags and treated with cosmos flower extract applicated once to three times with 300 mL polybag-1 at the concentration of 40%. Different levels of inhibitions on purple nutsedge growth were observed at 30 and 60 days after sowing (DAS) due to the presence of gallic acid in the extract. Growth parameters for purple nutsedge were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Least Significant Differences (LSD) at α=0.05. Significant reductions in the number of mother shoots, daughter shoots, and roots, length of mother leaves, length of rhizomes, root, and total leaf area of the purple nutsedge treated with the cosmos flower extract at 30 DAS compared to those in the control. A significant reduction was also observed in foliage dry weight, underground organs dry weight, and total dry weight of purple nutsedge. The three application times yielded maximum inhibition. In addition, these treatments reduced N, P, and  K content, chlorophyll content, and photosynthesis rates at 30 DAS. These results suggest that cosmos flower extract has the potential for controlling purple nutsedge.

Early Interference between Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Four Weed Species

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dennis Elmore ◽  
Michael A. Brown ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Competing Species ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Large Crabgrass

Early weed and crop interference was examined in a greenhouse pot experiment combining aspects of additive, substitutive, and diallel designs. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. 'Stoneville 213′) and four weeds {purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis(L.) Scop.], velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.) and prickly sida (Sida spinosaL.)} were grown singly and in all possible combinations of pairs including reciprocals for 5 weeks in 10-cm plastic pots. After 5 weeks large crabgrass was the tallest species in all combinations except when grown with purple nutsedge. Purple nutsedge, however, had more leaf area and greater dry weight than all other species. Height, leaf area, and dry weight were lowest in prickly sida. Mean relative yields in mixtures (a measure of competitive ability) were 1.90, 1.15, 1.13, 0.86, and 0.41 for purple nutsedge, large crabgrass, cotton, velvetleaf, and prickly sida, respectively, when grown with the other four species as associates. Conversely, purple nutsedge and cotton as associates depressed mean relative yields of competing species to 0.59 and 0.94. Large crabgrass, velvetleaf, and prickly sida as associates increased mean relative yields of competing species to 1.17, 1.18, and 1.55, respectively. Analysis of these data and replacement-series diagrams indicated that purple nutsedge was the most competitive, prickly sida the least, and the other species were intermediate and approximately equivalent in competitive ability.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekstrak Air Rumput Teki (Cyperus rotundus) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Klorofil Padi Gogo Varietas Inpago 8

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Mia A. Agustin ◽  
Zulkifli Zulkifli ◽  
Tundjung T. Handayani ◽  
Martha L. Lande
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Levene Test

The purpose of this research is to know whether the aqueous extract of purple nutsedge(Cyperus rotundus) have an effect on the growth and chlorophyll content of upland riceseedling of Inpago 8 varieties. This research was conducted at Botanical Laboratory ofBiology Department Faculty of Mathematics and the Natural Sciences University ofLampung from September to October 2017. The experiments were carried out in a completerandomized design with the main factors being aqueous extract of purple nutsedge with 5 level : 0% v / v (control), 5% v / v, 10% v / v, 15% v / v, and 20%v/v. Parameters measuredwere shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, relative water content, and total chlorophyllcontent of rice seedling. Homogeneity of variance was determined by the Levene test at 5%significant level. Analysis of variance and Tukey HSD test is done at 5% significant level.The results showed that the concentration of extract correlated quadratic with shoot lengthwhere the maximum shoot length was 3.9 cm at 10% extract concentration. Fresh weight andrelative water content maximum were 73.21 mg and 76% respectively at concentrations of14% and 10%. The minimum total chlorophyll content was 0.47 mg / g tissue at aconcentration of 11%. There was no significant effect on the dry weight of the seedling.From the results of the study, it was concluded that the extract of purple nutsedge at aconcentration below 14% was a growth stimulator, but it was an inhibitor of chlorophyllbiosynthesis.Keyword: Chlorophyll, Growth, Upland rice variety Inpago 8, Purple nutsedge

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Cyperus rotundus L. on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Glycine max L. cv. Grobogan

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Darmanti ◽  
Santosa Santosa ◽  
Kumala Dewi ◽  
L Hartanto Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Glycine Max L

Allelopathy is a phenomenon of direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse effects of a plant on its own or another plant through the release of chemicals into the environment. This experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effect of Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tuber aqueous extract on seed germination and initial growth of Glycine max L. (soybean) seedlings. The experiment was performed in completely randomized (CRD) design with five replications, using a range of concentrations of aqueous tuber extracts of nutsedge, i.e.: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The petri dish experiment showed that with increase of the tuber extract concentration, a significant increase was noted in mean germination time (MGT), significant decreases in germination index (GI), growth tolerance index (GTI), wet weight seedling, dry weight seedling and  length of soybean seedling.  

Toxicity of Imazethapyr to Purple (Cyperus rotundus) and Yellow Nutsedges (C. esculentus)

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Tuber Treatment

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the response of purple and yellow nutsedges to selective soil placement of 5 cm of soil treated with imazethapyr above and/or below the nutsedge tubers. Early postemergence (EPOST) or postemergence (POST) imazethapyr treatments at 71 g ai/ha as a foliar, soil, or foliar + soil application was also evaluated. Imazethapyr placement above or below the nutsedge tuber generally increased shoot number, shoot dry weight (SW), shoot regrowth dry weight (SRW), and root tuber dry weight (RTW) production in both species, 28 and 42 days after treatment (DAT) compared with the control. However, the 5-cm above + 5-cm below tuber treatment at 14, 28, and 42 DAT reduced purple nutsedge shoot number, SW, SRW, and RTW to 19, 7, 14, and 26% of the control, respectively. Yellow nutsedge shoot number was 103% of the control with the 5-cm above + 5-cm below tuber treatment 42 DAT. The 5-cm above + 5-cm below tuber treatment reduced yellow nutsedge SW, SRW, and RTW to 43, 44, and 23% of the control, respectively, 28 and 42 DAT. EPOST and POST foliar + soil and soil-only applications reduced SW 28 d after treatment (DAT) to 13% or less of the control for both species. SRWs of both species were ≤ 53% of the control 42 DAT for the soil-only application. The foliar-only treatment was the least effective in SW, SRW, and RTW reductions.

Biocontrol of Purple Nutsedge byBactra verutanaZeller in a Greenhouse

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.E. Frick ◽  
P.C. Quimby
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Degree Of Control

The degree of control of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundusL.) provided byBactra verutanaZeller, a native moth, was evaluated for various stress conditions. Two, three, or four weekly infestations each with three larvae per live shoot, reduced purple nutsedge dry weight an average 77% compared with an average 55% for one infestation. Eight weekly infestations reduced plant dry weight 98%. Neither caging of the larvae on the plants nor osmotic stress with NaCl to −8 bars influenced larval efficacy, but nitrogen deficiency did reduce the effect of the larvae about 75%. Purple nutsedge had no effect on the dry weight of cucumber (Cucumis sativusL., ‘Straight Eight’) after 1 month, whether larvae were or were not present. Purple nutsedge did reduce the plant dry weight of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench, ‘Clemson Spineless’) 64%, but repeated (eight) weekly infestations of larvae gave a plant weight of okra equal to that of okra grown without purple nutsedge. Purple nutsedge reduced the bulb and root dry weight of onion (Allium cepaL., ‘Big Valley’) 37%, but repeated weekly infestations of larvae gave onion growth equal to that of onion grown without purple nutsedge.

Sweet Potato Allelopathic Substance Inhibits Growth of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus)

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Peterson ◽  
H. F. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Allelopathic Substance

The allelopathic influence of sweet potato cultivar ‘Regal’ on purple nutsedge was compared to the influence on yellow nutsedge under controlled conditions. Purple nutsedge shoot dry weight, total shoot length and tuber numbers were significantly lower than the controls (47, 36, and 19% inhibition, respectively). The influence on the same parameters for yellow nutsedge (35, 21, and 43% inhibition, respectively) were not significantly different from purple nutsedge. Sweet potato shoot dry weight was inhibited by purple and yellow nutsedge by 42% and 45%, respectively. The major allelopathic substance from ‘Regal’ root periderm tissue was isolated and tested in vitro on the two sedges. The I50's for shoot growth, root number, and root length were 118, 62, and 44 μg/ml, respectively, for yellow nutsedge. The I50's for root number and root length were 91 and 85 μg/ml, respectively, for purple nutsedge and the I50for shoot growth could not be calculated.

Influence of pyrithiobac sodium on purple (Cyperus rotundus) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Root Tuber ◽  
Selective Placement

Greenhouse studies were conducted to determine purple and yellow nutsedge response to selective placement of a 5-cm layer of pyrithiobac sodium-treated soil above, below, or above and below nutsedge tubers. Pyrithiobac sodium at 36 or 72 g ae ha−1applied postemergence as foliar, soil, or foliar and soil treatments also was evaluated. Pyrithiobac sodium applied above, below, or above and below nutsedge tubers reduced yellow and purple nutsedge shoot number, shoot regrowth, and root-tuber dry weight at least 90%. Foliar-only treatment of pyrithiobac sodium was less effective at reducing emerged purple and yellow nutsedge numbers than application to soil only or to foliage and soil. Best reduction in yellow and purple nutsedge growth with pyrithiobac sodium was obtained with soil-incorporated treatments.

scholarly journals Influence of different systems of grazing, type of swards and fertilizing on underground phytomass of pastures

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hejduk ◽  
F. Hrabě
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Total Weight ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Continuous Grazing ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Problems concerning total dry weight and distribution of underground phytomass were studied in a pasture trial at Rapotin near &Scaron;umperk, the CzechRepublicin the period 1995&ndash;1999. The total weight of dry underground pasture phytomass (DUP) was 976 g/m<sup>2</sup> (5-year average) in a soil layer of 0&ndash;200 mm (both live and dead roots). The DUP was significantly increased by mineral fertilizers (90 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha a 90 kg K/ha). The weight of DUP was not significantly influenced by a grazing system, renewal or resowing of the original grassland. In unfertilized plots, DUP weight amounted to 989 g/m<sup>2</sup>, i.e. 92 g/m<sup>2</sup> (8.6%) less than in fertilized plots in the period 1996&ndash;1999. In the same period, under the grassland exploited by rotational grazing 1142 and under continuous grazing 1082 g/m<sup>2</sup> DUP were determined, i.e. by 60 g/m<sup>2</sup> (5.5%) less. The highest DUP weight in the period 1996&ndash;1999 was found in autumn 1997 (1222 g/m2) immediately before achieving the maximum forage yield in May 1998. In a layer of 0&ndash;20 mm, 54.6% of the total DUP was found. In this surface layer, significant increase in the DUP weight was found in fertilized plots. In 1999, some 88.5 and 90.2% of DUP were concentrated in unfertilized (903 g/m<sup>2</sup>) and fertilized (952 g/m<sup>2</sup>) plots, respectively in a layer of 0&ndash;100 mm.

Effects of Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) on Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Morales-Payan ◽  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Percentage Unit

Additive series experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effect of season-long interference of different initial population densities of purple nutsedge on the shoot dry weight and fruit yield of tomato and bell pepper. Purple nutsedge densities up to 200 plants/m2linearly reduced shoot dry weight at flowering and fruit yield of both crops as weed density increased. Both variables were directly correlated, and for each percentage unit of tomato shoot dry weight loss at flowering, fruit yield was reduced 1.24 units, whereas for bell pepper this relationship was 1 to 2.01. Total shoot and tuber biomass of purple nutsedge increased as density increased. The presence of either crop caused a decline in the total shoot dry weight accumulation of purple nutsedge, with tomato producing a higher degree of loss than bell pepper to the weed. Fruit yield losses due to purple nutsedge interference reached 44% for tomato and 32% for bell pepper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document