State Power in Mozambique

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
James H. Mittleman
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Political Act ◽  
Vexing Question

After winning a war of national liberation, FRELIMO faces the vexing question of whether socialism now can be established. With respect to Guinea-Bissau, Amilcar Cabral emphasized: ‘This depends on the instruments used to effect the transition to socialism; the essential factor is the nature of the state....“ No doubt his statement was premised on the belief that socialism begins with the conquest of the state by the producing classes. They must seize the state apparatus to defeat the ruling class whose power is concentrated there. Both the means of coercion and the forces that reproduce the system itself are part of this domain. It is only by gaining control of state power, which is a political act, that the working classes can subsequently organize a socialist economy.

scholarly journals Securing Social Governability: Party-Movement Relationships in Lula's Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
HERNÁN F. GÓMEZ BRUERA
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Office ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
State Subsidies

AbstractThis article provides a new interpretation of the changes that occur in party-civil society relations when progressive parties of mass-based origin gain state power by looking at the experience of the Brazilian Workers’ Party (PT) during the Lula administration. The need to preserve what is defined here as ‘social governability’ changes the nature of party-movement relationships when political parties move from opposition to government. The article shows how the PT in national executive public office, to a large extent, managed to secure social governability through reward-based linkages, such as the distribution of jobs in the state apparatus and the allocation of massive state subsidies.

scholarly journals IDEOLOGICAL INTERPELLATION AND SUBJECTS’ RESPONSES IN ANDI NOOR’S SHORT STORY, “KOPI DAN CINTA YANG TAK PERNAH MATI”

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Buyung Ade Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
The State ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Police Forces

State is a machine of power for the ruling class to maintain its authority. The effort is practiced by interpellating individuals as its subjects. The state can be defined as repressive and ideological apparatus. This study aims to identify the interpellation’s category and the subjects’ responses that are portrayed in Andi Noor’s short story titled “Kopi dan Cinta yang Tak Pernah Mati” from Althusser’s perspective. The study is carried out by first identifying the ideologies that empower the interpellation. There are two categories of ideology that interpellate individuals as the subjects of ideology: (1) Totalitarianism and (2) Socialism. Next, the researcher identifies the category of apparatus that is used by the ideologies. The short story portrays the empowerment of the repressive state apparatus of armed or police forces by the ruling ideology and the empowerment of the ideological cultural apparatus by the opposition. Subjects’ responses that are found in this research vary, and not all subjects recognize the interpellation by the ideology. The responses are influenced by the empowerment of the apparatuses of each ideology. The subjects tend to resist the empowerment of the repressive state apparatus, but they recognize the interpellation by the empowerment of the ideological cultural apparatus. Negara merupakan mesin kekuasaan yang menjadi alat bagi kelas penguasa untuk melanggengkan kekuasaanya. Usaha ini dilakukan melalui penaklukan atau interpelasi terhadap individu agar menjadi subjek ideologi. Keberadaan Negara dapat dipahami sebagai aparatus represif dan aparatus ideologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kategori interpelasi dan respon subjek yang digambarkan oleh cerpen “Kopi dan Cinta yang Tak Pernah Mati” karya Andi Noor berdasarkan pandangan Althusser. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengungkap ideologi-ideologi yang melakukan interpelasi. Terdapat dua ideologi yang saling melakukan interpelasi terhadap subjek-subjek, yaitu (1) Totalitarian dan (2) Sosialisme. Selanjutnya, peneliti melakukan pemetaan terhadap kategori aparatus yang digunakan oleh ideologi-ideologi baik itu aparatus represif atau ideologis. Cerita pendek ini menggambarkan aparatus negara yang represif yang diwakili oleh tentara yang digunakan oleh ideologi penguasa, sedangkan pihak lawan melakukan pemberdayaan aparatus kultural ideologis. Respon subjek yang ditemukan cukup beragam. Tidak semua subjek merekognisi interpelasi ideologi. Terdapat subjek yang pada awalnya melakukan misrekognisi namun pada akhirnya melakukan rekognisi terhadap interpelasi ideologi. Respon yang ditunjukkan oleh subjek dipengaruhi oleh pemberdayaan aparatus oleh masing-masing ideologi. Subjek cenderung melakukan misrekognisi terhadap aparatus represif, dan cenderung merekognisi pemberdayaan aparatus ideologis kultural.

SUBVERSIÓN Y COERCIÓN: izquierdas y derechas en los inicios de la democracia chilena del siglo XX

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 172-194
Author(s):  
VERÓNICA VALDIVIA ORTIZ DE ZáRATE
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

Resumen: El artá­culo analiza el debate entre las nacientes izquierdas y derechas chilenas respecto de los dispositivos coercitivos estatales, en el marco de la crisis de dominación oligárquica y la redefinición del Estado. Siguiendo las interpretaciones que cuestionan la tesis democratizadora del paá­s, a partir de la Constitución de 1925, este trabajo evalúa la posición de las orgánicas de trabajadores, ligados al marxismo y al anarquismo, como de liberales y conservadores, respecto de los cambios que sufrió el aparato estatal en materia de derechos ciudadanos y de coerción. Nuestra hipótesis es que el reconocimiento de derechos sociales, económicos y polá­ticos a clases medias y obreros, que abrió paso a la democratización, estuvo sostenido en la redefinición de los dispositivos coercitivos del Estado, influyendo en la definición de izquierdas y derechas.  Palabras clave:  Izquierdas. Derechas. Represión.SUBVERSION AND COERCION:  The Left and the Right in the Dawn of Chile”™s 20th-Century DemocracyAbstract: This paper examines the debate between the emerging right- and left-wing parties in Chile in regard to the State”™s repressive devices, within the context of the crisis of oligarchic domination and its subsequent redefinition of the State. Sharing those interpretations that contest the supposed democratization of the country as a result of the 1925 Constitution, the article assesses the stance adopted by the working-class organizations linked to Marxist and anarchist positions, as well as by liberals and conservatives, in relation to the changes undergone by the State apparatus in the fields of civil rights and coercion. Our hypothesis is that the recognition of social, economic and political rights for the middle and working classes, which paved the way towards a more effective democracy, stood upon the redefinition of the State”™s coercive devices, influencing the definition of Right and Left.Keywords: Left Wing. Right Wing. Repression.  SUBVERSAO E COERCAO:  esquerdas e direitas nos iná­cios da democracia chilena do século XXResumo: O artigo analisa o debate entre as nascentes esquerdas e direitas chilenas nas suas relações com os dispositivos repressivos estatais inseridos no contexto da crise de dominação oligárquica e da renovação do Estado. Compartilhando as interpretações que questionam a tese da suposta democratização do paá­s após a Constituição de 1925, este trabalho avalia a perspectiva das organizações operárias vinculadas ao marxismo e ao anarquismo, bem como as posições dos liberais e conservadores a respeito das mudanças que sofreu o aparelho estatal em matéria de direitos cidadãos e coerção. Partimos da hipótese de que o reconhecimento dos direitos sociais, econômicos e polá­ticos das classes médias e operárias que possibilitou a democratização, sustentou-se na redefinição dos dispositivos coercitivos do Estado e influenciou na definição das organizações como de esquerda ou de direita.Palavras-chave:  Esquerdas. Direitas. Repressão.

Från Gorbatjovs Sovjet Till Gorbatschows Ryssland: Konsten Att Lösa Upp Ett Imperium1

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Kristian Gerner
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Black Market ◽  
The State ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Mikhail Gorbachev ◽  
Disintegration Process ◽  
Political Force ◽  
National Pride ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Main Factor

The author describes how the anti-alcohol campaign of Mikhail Gorbachev not only was a failure, but also accelerated the breakdown of the Soviet empire, by undermining the legitimacy of the state apparatus. The reasons for this were many. The state lost most of its tax income leading to an ever-accelerating inflation; black market and illicit distillation expanded leading to criminalization and increased supply of low quality alcohol; and a well-organized hoarding economy developed, as the shortage of commodities increased, beginning with sugar and yeast. The anti-alcohol campaign therefore acted as an important element in the disintegration process, made possible by perestroika and glasnost. Another main factor was the growing strength of ethnicity, which became an explosive political force underlining the significant cultural differences between the wine consumers in the southern regions and the northern vodka-drinking Russians. National liberation movements in the Soviet Republics such as Moldavia and Georgia were fostered by the fact that the grapevine, their national pride, was defiled. Gorbachev's campaign was therefore doubly counterproductive: the system broke down – but King Alcohol remained the true ruler over the Russians.

State Failure and Challenges to Democratization in Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bratton
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Order ◽  
State Failure ◽  
African Politics ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Bureaucratic State ◽  
Political Decisions

This lean volume digs into the roots of African politics by exploring the foundations of political order. The author sees state formation as originating in rulers' political decisions about how to extract wealth from society. Specifically, do they use coercion—the defining attribute of state power—to protect their subjects or to prey on them? If rulers—whom he characterizes as “specialists in violence”—calculate that their own political and economic interests are best served by taxing production, they will establish the infrastructure of a bureaucratic state. If, however, they conclude that the costs of providing protection to society's producers outweigh the expected benefits, then they will be tempted to turn the state apparatus into an instrument of predation.

STATE IN THE ECONOMY OF THE XXI CENTURY: POLITICAL ECONOMY INTERPRETATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
A. V. Buzgalin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Function ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
Post Market ◽  
Market Relations

Author is considering the role of state in the contemporary economy from the point of view of Marxist methodology that clarifies presentation of the points of disagreements which take place among scholars, and, also uses the potential of foreseeing in Marxism. In the paper the thesis is stated that contemporary state is focused on the realization of three main types of interests: the state apparatus (bureaucracy), the ruling class (capital) and society as a whole. The contradictions between these groups of interests are investigated and the different already realized variants of compromise between them are considered, as well as other possible variants of such a compromise. The positions of different schools and currents of economic thought are analyzed from the point of their orientation predominantly to this or that interests, protection and realization of which are included in the functions of the state. The main points of disputes on these questions are marked. On the basis of the highlighting the main interests being defended by state the idea of three forms of state is formulated: state-bureaucrat, statecapital and state-society. Author treats the development of economic functions of a state in the conditions of late capitalism as transformation of state itself into the functioning capitalist. From the point of view of historical development of the state functions, the probable shifts in these functions are treated as response to the challenges connected with the evolution of modern economy. For instance, the usage of newly formed post-market (or transitory to post-market) relations in the economic functions of state is investigated. These transitory post-market relations are increasing the potential possibilities to implement the state function of social interests’ representative. As one of the probable variants of possible evolution of contemporary state and the reasons for the shift into the liberal-conservative direction are analyzed, as well as the workable alternative for this shift.

Pengembangan Karir dan Iklim Organisasi terhadap Komitmen Karyawan (Studi Kasus pada Bank Daerah Syariah)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Fotuho Waruwu ◽  
Dematria Pringgabayu
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
The State ◽  
Development System ◽  
Work System ◽  
State Apparatus

Human Resources (HR) is a very important part in PT Bank Daerah Syariah, so that it is expected that there is an ideal and sufficient working period to optimize employee careers and increase employee commitment to the company, considering the products produced by the company are products used to facilitate the state apparatus work system and service to the wider community.This study aims to determine the effect of variable Career Development and Organizational Climate on the commitment of Employees in PT Bank Daerah Syariah. The method used in this study is a research mix method, which is a step of research by combining two forms of approach in research that is quantitative and qualitative. The population in this study were all employees in the Bank Daerah Syariah (BDS) as many as 53 employeesThe results showed that the career development variable (X1) and also the Organizational Climate (X2) had a positive and significant effect on the variable Employee Commitment (Y). The conclusion of the research shows that to increase the commitment of employees in PT Bank Daerah Syariah, the company needs to improve the existing career development system and maintain the organizational climate so that it remains conducive for all employees. 

ANALISIS PENGARUH MOTIVASI DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA (Studi pada Dinas Penanaman Modal Pelayanan Terpadu dan Perindustrian Kabupaten Padang Pariaman)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendriko Putra Jayanda
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Linearity Test ◽  
Investment Service ◽  
Integrated Service

The purpose of this study is to test partially and simultaneously the influence of motivation and work environment on the performance of state civil apparatus in the Office of Integrated Service Investment and Industry of Padang Pariaman Regency, data collected by spreading the questionnaire directly. Test of research instrument used is test of validity and reliability test. The classical assumption test used is normality test, linearity test, multicollinearity test, and heteroscedasticity test. As for hypothesis test used t test and test f. The analytical method used to test the effect of motivation and work environment on the performance of civil state apparatus is multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS. The result of the research shows that there is a significant influence between the working environment on the performance of civil apparatus of the State. Simultaneously or jointly motivation and work environment significantly influence the performance of civil apparatus of the State. Based on the research, it can be concluded that motivation has a significant effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus on the Integrated Service and Investment Service Department (DPMPTP) of Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. The work environment has a significant effect on the performance of the State Civil Apparatus on the Integrated Service and Industrial Service Investment Service (DPMPTP) of Padang Kabupaten Pariaman. Morality and work environment have a significant effect on the performance of State Civil Apparatus at the Department of Investment of Integrated Services and Industry (DPMPTP) of Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.

KEY ASPECTS OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE STATE AUTHORITIES IN THE WORLD AND TO THE MODERN SOVERUM UKRAINE: A JOINT AND PERSONALITY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 164-174
Author(s):  
Оlena Fedorіvna Caracasidi
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Human Life ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The People ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Key Aspects

The article deals with the fundamental, inherent in most of the countries of the world transformation of state power, its formation, functioning and division between the main branches as a result of the decentralization of such power, its subsidiarity. Attention is drawn to the specifics of state power, its func- tional features in the conditions of sovereignty of the states, their interconnec- tion. It is emphasized that the nature of the state power is connected with the nature of the political system of the state, with the form of government and many other aspects of a fundamental nature.It is analyzed that in the middle of national states the questions of legitima- cy, sovereignty of transparency of state power, its formation are acutely raised. Concerning the practical functioning of state power, a deeper study now needs a problem of separation of powers and the distribution of power. The use of this principle, which ensures the real subsidiarity of the authorities, the formation of more effective, responsible democratic relations between state power and civil society, is the first priority of the transformation of state power in the conditions of modern transformations of countries and societies. It is substantiated that the research of these problems will open up much wider opportunities for the provi- sion of state power not as a center authority, but also as a leading political structure but as a power of the people and the community. In the context of global democratization processes, such processes are crucial for a more humanistic and civilized arrangement of human life. It is noted that local self-government, as a specific form of public power, is also characterized by an expressive feature of a special subject of power (territorial community) as a set of large numbers of people; joint communal property; tax system, etc.

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