The Political Economy of Women's Work

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-346
Author(s):  
John Sharpless ◽  
John Rury
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
The Political ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Cultural Variables ◽  
The Family ◽  
Dramatic Rise

Recent work in women's history suggests that the dramatic rise in female labor force participation in the first decades of the twentieth century cannot be understood solely in terms of labor market forces. Although thedemandfor female labor increased substantially between 1900 and 1920 (Oppenheimer, 1970), such variables as religion, education, ethnicity, and social class interacted to determine thesupplyof women available for hire at any one time. It should not be surprising, therefore, that “cultural” variables such as these also served to limit the ability of women to improve their position in the labor market generally. This article will examine the ways in which the family and work environments interacted to determine the responsiveness of working women to different sorts of organizations which (theoretically) could have assisted them in altering the basic conditions of their work and family experiences.

Social Norms, Choice, and Work

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
The Political ◽  
Liberal Democracies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gendered Division Of Labor

In modern liberal democracies, the gendered division of labor is partially the result of men and women making different choices about work and family life, even if such choices stem from social norms about gender. The choices that women make relative to men’s disadvantage them in various ways: such choices lead them to earn less, enjoy less power and prestige in the labor market, be less able to participate in the political sphere on an equal basis, make them to some degree financially dependent on others, and leave them at a bargaining disadvantage and vulnerable in certain personal relationships. This chapter considers if and when the state should intervene to address women’s disadvantage and inequalities that are the result of gender specialization. It is argued that political liberals can and sometimes must intervene in the gendered division of labor when persons’ interests as free and equal citizens are frustrated.

China's Closed Pyramidal Managerial Labor Market and the Stock Price Crash Risk

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghua Chen ◽  
Jeong-Bon Kim ◽  
Oliver Zhen Li ◽  
Shangkun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Political Connections ◽  
Crash Risk ◽  
The Political ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Risk Averse ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Managerial Labor Market

ABSTRACT Managers of China's state-owned firms work in a closed pyramidal managerial labor market. They enjoy non-transferable benefits if they choose to stay within this system. The higher up are they in this labor market hierarchy (their political ranks), the fewer are their outside employment opportunities. Due to career and wealth concerns, they are cautious and risk-averse when managing firms. We examine the effect of managers' political ranks on firms' stock price crash risk and find a negative association. This association mainly exists in firms with younger managers and managers with shorter tenure. Further, this effect is only significant in regions with weak market forces, in firms without foreign investors, without political connections, and during periods with no local government leaders' or managers' political promotions. We conclude that the political ranking system reduces the stock price crash risk. JEL Classifications: G30; J33.

scholarly journals Work, Gender, and Immiseration in South Africa and India

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirisha C. Naidu ◽  
Lyn Ossome
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
The State ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Family Household ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Reproduction System ◽  
The Family

In this paper, we broaden Marx’s immiseration thesis to articulate social reproduction under capitalist growth. Specifically, we compare the female labor market in the context of the wage economy, the family-household, and the state, three institutions that influence the production-reproduction system. Our observations lead us to conclude that the neoliberal growth path has exacerbated inequities in the opportunities for female workers in both countries. Our findings affirm both the differentiation and homogenization of conditions of reproduction under capitalist exploitation.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding : Gender and Socio-Economic Dimensions

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Yogi Pasca Pratama ◽  
Bhimo Rizky Samudro ◽  
Anang Pra Yogi
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Working Women ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Family ◽  
Internal And External Factors

This study aims to examine breastfeeding behavior from a gender perspective and socio-economic dimension. The legal basis and internal and external factors of breastfeeding behavior are the main issues. Breastfeeding views are also studied in terms of working women, in response to the increasingly expensive economic needs of women to help the family economy by entering the labor market, while women also have an obligation to engage in breastfeeding activities. This study uses literature method, by collecting all the literature related to the breastfeeding process, the legal basis that supports, and the factors that can inhibit and the way to succeed exclusive breastfeeding issues. This study found the fact that there is a misconception of society about breastfeeding that the breastfeeding process is not optimal, the modernization also makes women who should breastfeed to make new choices instead of breastfeeding obligations for their children.  

scholarly journals Who Cares? Political Motherhood and Its Gendered Implications in Korea

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Sook-Yeon Won
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Policy Alternatives

The active involvement of married women in the labor market has brought qualitatively new issues of state policy for child carethat is, political motherhood. Given that political motherhood directly affects maternal employment, it is an essential issue of state policy toward working women. This study asks about the ways in which Korean political motherhood influences the reconciliation of work and family forworking mothers through a gender perspective. In so doing, Korean political motherhood is critically examined in terms of three interwined dimensions: accessibility, affordability, and quality. Then, based on the critical review, the nature of Korean political motherhood will be identified in the context of gender implication. Finally, some policy alternatives to overcoming the gendered nature of political motherhood will be considered.

scholarly journals Policy Changes, Employment, and Single Parenthood in Finland

2005 ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Forssén ◽  
Anita Haataja ◽  
Mia Hakovirta
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Parental Leave ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Policy System ◽  
Single Parenthood ◽  
The Family ◽  
Market Status

The labor supply of mothers is in? uenced by womens preferences and labor market conditions, as well as by family policy packages which enable families to reconcile work and family life. This article deepens the understanding about why Finnish single mothers are facing higher unemployment risks than mothers in two-parent families. The main question is how the changes in the Finnish family policy system have affected the economic and labor market status of single mothers in the last part of the 1990s. Have the changes in family policy affected their entry / re-entry into the labor market? Or can these changes in employment rate be explained by mothers personal decisions. Single parents were more vulnerable compared to partnered mothers in parental leave reforms and in the Family reform package in 1994. Changes in the labor market have had an impact on the situation of mothers with small children. One group of mothers can enjoy the full provision of leaves, bene? ts and job security, but an increased share of mothers have become dependent on only basic bene? ts. In this respect, the inequality among mothers has increased.

scholarly journals INTERDEPENDENCE OF ROLES, WORK-FAMILY ROLES AND PSYCHOLOGICAL STRAIN: A STUDY ON MARRIED WORKING WOMEN IN INDONESIA

HUMANIKA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifah Farradinna
Keyword(s):  
Working Women ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Psychological Strain ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Work Family

Work–family balance issues have become more common in Indonesia, especially in Riau Province. Traditional structural and economic changes and affect how married women participate in the family and the workforce. Imbalance between work and family affects individual physical and psychological well-being. Psychological strain is caused by stresses such as depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, irritability, inability ethic, or lack of physical strains, and closely related symptoms of burnout. A random sampling of 178 married working women in the civil servant department participated in the study. Data analysis was done with using of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics by SPSS 21 and Excel software. Analyses showed WIF and FIW are consistently correlated with psychological strain (0.462, and 0.428, p < 0.001); however, WIF was positively correlated significantly with FIW (0.632, p < 0.001). Psychological strain was also positively correlated significantly with work–family conflict (0.493, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the interdependence of roles (-0.152, p < 0.005). The results showed that the majority of married working women experienced high levels of work interference from the family and low levels of family interference at work, with an average score on the variables psychological strain and interdependence of roles. The diversity of Indonesia allowed demographic analysis and comparisons between respondents.

An Analysis on Impact of Lockdown on Working Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Rana
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Working Women ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Household Work ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
The Family

Work from home during lockdown has become the need of the hour. Due to challenge posed by pandemic covid-19, work from home was the only option to continue business as well as job of the employees. Work from home is equally applicable to men and women, but the problem faced by women is acute as the women are expected to take care of household work and family responsibilities. quality time has been complimented when it is talked about work-life balance. The problem of the work and householdpressure has increased the difficulty of women. This study with the sample size of 120 working women was conducted to analyze the effect of lockdown on working women, to find out the difficulties and challenges faced by them and to explore the positive impact of lockdown. The data was collected from respondent through well designed questionnaire. After analyzing, results show that the women have been able to get time for themselves and the family too and are found contented.

Filipino Women in Australia: Practising Citizenship at Work

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Lynna Anne Tibe-Bonifacio
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
The Political ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Filipino Women ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Depth Interviews

Filipino women comprise more than half of the Philippine-born population in Australia. They adopt Australian citizenship readily and have high labor force participation. In this article, I examined Filipino women's practice of Australian citizenship in the world of work. Based on in-depth interviews with 36 Filipino women, I adopted feminist conception of citizenship which considers paid work as well as caring work in the domestic sphere. Findings from the study suggest that becoming an Australian citizenship not only provides Filipino women membership in the political community. More importantly, it empowers them to negotiate their subject position as racialized immigrant women in the labor market. Negotiating gender roles in the family, however, is a different arena.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document