5.5 Intensive poultry production in Jordan

1981 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
I. G. H. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Breeding Farms

In the Middle East in the last decade there has been a rapid expansion in the production of poultry meat and table eggs with the development of associated sectors, such as feed mills, hatcheries and breeding farms. This development has been reported in many articles (Anon., 1978) and is especially true in Jordan (Abdul Rahim, 1978; Anon., 1968–1978; Anon., 1979; Daghir, 1970; Daniels, 1969; and Pitcher, 1977) (Table 5.5.1).

scholarly journals The transmission dynamics of Campylobacter jejuni among broilers in semi-commercial farms in Jordan

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Neves ◽  
I. Malkawi ◽  
M. Walker ◽  
A. Alaboudi ◽  
E. Abu-Basha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
High Income ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Commercial Farms

AbstractCampylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, often associated with the consumption of undercooked poultry. In Jordan, the majority of broiler chicken production occurs in semi-commercial farms, where poor housing conditions and low bio-security are likely to promote campylobacter colonisation. While several studies provided estimates of the key parameters describing the within-flock transmission dynamics of campylobacter in typical high-income countries settings, these data are not available for Jordan and Middle-East in general. A Bayesian model framework was applied to a longitudinal dataset on Campylobacter jejuni infection in a Jordan flock to quantify the transmission rate of C. jejuni in broilers within the farm, the day when the flock first became infected, and the within-flock prevalence (WFP) at clearance. Infection with C. jejuni is most likely to have occurred during the first 8 days of the production cycle, followed by a transmission rate value of 0.13 new infections caused by one infected bird/day (95% CI 0.11–0.17), and a WFP at clearance of 34% (95% CI 0.24–0.47). Our results differ from published studies conducted in intensive poultry production systems in high-income countries but are well aligned with the expectations obtained by means of structured questionnaires submitted to academics with expertise on campylobacter in Jordan. This study provides for the first time the most likely estimates and credible intervals of key epidemiological parameters driving the dynamics of C. jejuni infection in broiler production systems commonly found in Jordan and the Middle-East and could be used to inform Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment models aimed to assess the risk of human exposure/infection to campylobacter through consumption of poultry meat.

scholarly journals Analysis of chicken production trends in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 302-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Fatenok-Tkachuk ◽  
Myroslava Kulynych ◽  
Anna Safarova ◽  
Nadiya Bukalo
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Agrarian Sector ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Slaughter House ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Domestic Products ◽  
Poultry Farming

Poultry farming is one of the most promising areas of production not only in Ukraine but also in the world. This is due to the high demand for protein products and increased consumption. Ukraine does not use enough of its export potential in the agrarian sector. It is precisely these circumstances lead to choosing as the basis for the research the mentioned direction of production by domestic producers.The tendencies of the Ukrainian poultry enterprises development and features of the chicken market are generalized, namely the volume of cultivation and sale on the slaughter of poultry by Ukrainian producers, the cost price and profitability of poultry meat production have been analyzed; the specific features of the products range are defined in all competitor companies and products offered for export. The competitiveness of domestic poultry production in comparison with domestic and foreign analogues has been investigated. For the study the following enterprises as the LLS “Ptahokompleks” Gubin, TM “Pan Kurchak”, slaughter-house “Piorkowscy” and JSC “Superdrop” were taken. It is established that domestic products are competitive both in terms of price and taste properties. The dynamics of export and import of poultry meat in Ukraine and abroad is analyzed. Significant growth of poultry meat export as compared to previous periods has been revealed, which is explained by obtaining permit documents and implementation of measures by domestic producers to bring poultry products closer to international standards. The prospects for the development of the investigated production direction are designed.

scholarly journals Coccidiostats in table eggs, liver and poultry meat on the market in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
E Clanjak-Kudra ◽  
D Alagic ◽  
M Smajlovic ◽  
A Smajlovic ◽  
I Mujezinović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Global Population

Abstract Poultry meat production is one of the most dynamic sectors in agriculture, recording the quickest growth in the food industry, while egg production has shown strong growth in the last twenty years. Combined with meat production, it is achieving the highest growth when it comes to meeting protein needs for the global population. In economic terms, coccidiosis is one of the most significant poultry diseases. Effective application of coccidiostats in poultry feed has been playing a key role in development of commercial poultry production for more than 50 years. The aim of this research was to estimate occurrence and residue concentrations of coccidiostats in table eggs, poultry liver and meat, available on the market in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Residues of lasalocid were found in table eggs, while residues of nicarbazin, maduramicin and diclazuril were detected in broiler meat and liver.

scholarly journals Theoretical basis of obtaining poultry products of «organic» status

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Klemeshova ◽  
V. A. Reimer ◽  
E. V. Tarabanova ◽  
Z. N. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Synthesis ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Microbial Synthesis ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Feed Costs

The authors considered organic poultry production and presented a qualitative analysis of the diets used in raising broiler chickens. The authors also evaluated the possibility of switching from traditional diets to diets without chemical and microbial synthesis ingredients based on comparative data on the performance and economics of broiler chicken meat production. Organic requirements prohibit the use of microbial and chemical synthesis and genetically modified products in poultry feed. Obtaining large quantities of poultry products in a short period and at an affordable price involves using all kinds of additives that do not allow the products to qualify as organic. Surveys and opinion polls show that a new layer of consumers is today willing to buy organic poultry meat at a higher price. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of producing organic meat from broiler chickens. The research was carried out at the Berdskaya poultry farm, and the test object was broiler chickens of the Iza cross. The age of broiler chickens ranged from one to 40 days old. The authors compared the effectiveness of traditional industrial diets and diets without microbial and chemical synthesis products. During the experiment, live poultry weight, average daily and gross gains, survival, feed costs and cost-effectiveness were considered. In commercial broiler chickens raised on diets without chemical and microbial synthesis ingredients during slaughter, the average live weight was 64.0% lower than that of broiler chickens in the experimental group. The average daily gain of these same broilers was also 52.9% lower. Feed costs per unit of production in industrial broiler chickens increased 1.7 times with the same survival rate of young animals (92.2%). Increasing the rearing period to 70 days resulted in a 1.4-fold increase in feed costs. The level of profitability decreased by 61.2 %, with a decrease in productivity. Increasing the price per kg of meat by 25 50 100 % would increase the profitability level by 22.4 4.7 -133.5 %, respectively, compared to the traditional method.

scholarly journals Current state and development trends of the meat market

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kopytets ◽  
Volodymyr Voloshyn
Keyword(s):  
Market Structure ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Current State ◽  
Meat Market

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of the meat market in Ukraine, to identify trends in its development. Research methods. The following methods have been used generally accepted methods and techniques: a set of scientific methods of abstract and logical method (induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, analogy and comparison, formalization) for develop theoretical positions and analyze the situation in the meat market; statistical when assessing the meat market; tabular for visual representation of the research results; graphic for identify and illustrate trends of the research economic phenomena. Research results. The meat market is an important component of the food market of the country, on the stability of which the living standards of the population and the food security of the country largely depend, has been generalized. Meat and meat products are among the most important foods. It has been found that the meat market operates in rather difficult economic conditions. Meat producers increase production volumes with the decline of certain branches of animal husbandry In the livestock industry of Ukraine there are transformational processes that cause changes in the meat market structure. The meat market structure is considered and the peculiarities of its functioning are revealed. Poultry meat has been found to have a monopoly on the meat market. The increase in poultry meat production is primarily due to the growing demand from the population and the food industry. The basis of the "meat diet" is poultry meat, as the most available type of meat has been determined. Scientific novelty. Production of poultry meat in Ukraine is the most profitable has been specified. The rapid return on investment in poultry production has led to increased investment in the industry, the construction of modern large poultry farms and the creation of powerful vertically integrated companies. Pork production has stabilized somewhat. However, African swine fever causes significant damage. Raising cattle remains a non-profit business. The trend of cattle slaughter continues in Ukraine,. At the same time, the main producers of cattle meat are households. Analytical assessments and determinations of factors influencing meat production and further development of the meat market have been further developed. Practical significance. Analytical materials of the article have been based on relevant official statistics, which can be can be used for addressing development of the meat market. Research results can be useful for all meat market participa nts. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 19.

scholarly journals Features of the functioning of the poultrymeat market

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
N. Kopytets ◽  
V. Voloshyn
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Domestic Poultry ◽  
Production Trend ◽  
Further Development

The state of the poultry market and highlights the peculiarities of its functioning has been researchedin the article.The poultry market as competitive and efficient with other meat marketshas been identified.And the poultry industry has maintained a positive production trend in recent years. In Ukraine, the poultry population is growing from year to year. In nineteen years, the number of poultry in agricultural enterprises has increased more than five times. A feature of the poultry market is the concentration of poultry and meat production in agricultural enterprises. More than 85percent of the poultry meat production in the slaughter mass was provided by agricultural enterprises. Most poultry meat was produced in Vinnytsia, Kyiv, Cherkasy, Dnipropetrovsk and Lviv regions. It is substantiated that the increase in poultry meat production is primarily due to the growth of demand from the population in conditions of low purchasing power. Poultry meat remains the most affordable for most meat consumers. In addition, due to a significant reduction in the supply of other types of meat, and consequently rising prices for them, poultry has become a substitute for most meat consumers. At the same time, many consumers have changed their tastes and preferences for a particular type of meat in favor of dietary poultry meat. The balances of supply and demand of poultry meat were analyzed. It has been proven that domestic poultry production fully meets domestic demand and has reserves to increase exports. It is noted that the further development of the domestic poultry market will depend, first of all, on solving the crisis problems in the world. In addition, indicators of production efficiency and product competitiveness will have a significant impact. Keywords: market, poultry meat, production, supply, demand, consumption, price.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Antimicrobial Usage on Commercial Broiler and Layer Chicken Farms in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasneem Imam ◽  
Justine S. Gibson ◽  
Mohammad Foysal ◽  
Shetu Bhusan Das ◽  
Suman Das Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antimicrobial Usage ◽  
Commercial Chicken ◽  
Commercial Poultry

Commercial poultry production is growing rapidly in Bangladesh to address the increasing demand for poultry meat and eggs. Challenges faced by producers include the occurrence of poultry diseases, which are usually treated or controlled by antimicrobials. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 57 commercial layer and 83 broiler farms in eight subdistricts of the Chattogram district, Bangladesh, to assess antimicrobial usage in relation to clinical signs observed in chicken flocks on these farms. Of the 140 commercial chicken farms, 137 (97.9%) used antimicrobials and 24 different antimicrobial agents were administered. On layer farms, the most commonly used antimicrobials were ciprofloxacin (37.0% of farms, 20/54), amoxicillin (33.3%, 18/54), and tiamulin (31.5%, 17/54), while on broiler farms, colistin (56.6%, 47/83), doxycycline (50.6%, 42/83), and neomycin (38.6%, 32/83) were most commonly administered. Only 15.3% (21/137) of farmers used antimicrobials exclusively for therapeutic purposes, while 84.7% (116/137) of farmers used them prophylactically, administering them either for prophylactic purposes only (22.6% of farmers, 31/137) or in combination with therapeutic purposes (62.1% of farmers, 85/137). About 83.3% (45/54) of layer farmers were selling eggs while antimicrobials were being administered compared to 36.1% (30/83) of the broiler farmers selling broiler chickens while administering antimicrobials. Overall, 75.2% (103/137) of farmers reported clinical signs for which they administered antimicrobials, while 24.8% (34/137) of farmers reported no clinical signs but still administered antimicrobials. Respiratory signs (71.8% of farms with clinical signs, 74/103) were most commonly reported, followed by enteric signs (32.0%, 33/103) and increased mortality (16.5%, 17/103). About 37.2% (51/137) of farmers bought antimicrobials exclusively from feed and chick traders, followed by veterinary medical stores (35.0%, 48/137). Purchasing antimicrobials from feed and chick traders was more common among broiler than layer farmers. It is recommended that commercial poultry farmers should keep records of antimicrobials used with dosage and duration of administration along with indication of use. This would allow farmers and veterinarians to review if antimicrobial usage had the desired effects and to evaluate the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents under an antimicrobial stewardship approach.

scholarly journals Contribution of Segment 3 to the Acquisition of Virulence in Contemporary H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabel L. Clements ◽  
Joshua E. Sealy ◽  
Thomas P. Peacock ◽  
Jean-Remy Sadeyen ◽  
Saira Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
H9n2 Virus ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Avian Influenza Viruses

ABSTRACT H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) circulate in poultry throughout much of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. These viruses cause huge economic damage to poultry production systems and pose a zoonotic threat both in their own right and in the generation of novel zoonotic viruses, for example, H7N9. In recent years, it has been observed that H9N2 viruses have further adapted to gallinaceous poultry, becoming more highly transmissible and causing higher morbidity and mortality. Here, we investigate the molecular basis for this increased virulence, comparing a virus from the 1990s and a contemporary field strain. The modern virus replicated to higher titers in various systems, and this difference mapped to a single amino acid polymorphism at position 26 of the endonuclease domain shared by the PA and PA-X proteins. This change was responsible for increased replication and higher morbidity and mortality rates along with extended tissue tropism seen in chickens. Although the PA K26E change correlated with increased host cell shutoff activity of the PA-X protein in vitro, it could not be overridden by frameshift site mutations that block PA-X expression and therefore increased PA-X activity could not explain the differences in replication phenotype. Instead, this indicates that these differences are due to subtle effects on PA function. This work gives insight into the ongoing evolution and poultry adaptation of H9N2 and other avian influenza viruses and helps us understand the striking morbidity and mortality rates in the field, as well as the rapidly expanding geographical range seen in these viruses. IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses, such as H9N2, cause huge economic damage to poultry production worldwide and are additionally considered potential pandemic threats. Understanding how these viruses evolve in their natural hosts is key to effective control strategies. In the Middle East and South Asia, an older H9N2 virus strain has been replaced by a new reassortant strain with greater fitness. Here, we take representative viruses and investigate the genetic basis for this “fitness.” A single mutation in the virus was responsible for greater fitness, enabling high growth of the contemporary H9N2 virus in cells, as well as in chickens. The genetic mutation that modulates this change is within the viral PA protein, a part of the virus polymerase gene that contributes to viral replication as well as to virus accessory functions—however, we find that the fitness effect is specifically due to changes in the protein polymerase activity.

scholarly journals Influence of Different Production Systems on the Quality and Shelf Life of Poultry Meat: A Case Study in the German Sector

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Albrecht ◽  
Martin Hebel ◽  
Maureen Mittler ◽  
Carola Hurck ◽  
Katharina Kustwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
White Striping

Production-specific factors, such as breeding, diet, and stress, are known to influence meat quality, but the effect of different husbandry systems on the development of quality parameters and shelf life has hardly been investigated. Thus, the aim of the study was the investigation of an alternative production system based on a slow-growing, corn-fed, and antibiotics-free chicken line compared with conventional poultry production. Additionally, the effect on meat quality, microbiology, and spoilage was analyzed. In total, 221 breast filets from a German poultry meat producer were investigated. Nutritional, biochemical, and cooking loss analyses were conducted on a subset of samples 24 h after storage. The rest of the samples were stored aerobically at 4°C, and the spoilage process was characterized by investigating pH, color, lipid oxidation, microbiology, and sensory attributes subsequently every two days during storage. The alternative production line showed a significantly healthier nutritional profile with a higher protein and lower fat content. Additionally, the amount of L-lactic acid and D-glucose was significantly higher than in the conventional production line. The color values differed between both production lines, with the corn-fed line displaying more yellowish filets. The lipid oxidation and microbial spoilage were not affected by the production line. The shelf life did not differ between the investigation groups and was deemed 7 days in both cases. Despite the highest severity of white striping being observed most in the conventional production line, there was no overall difference in the incidence among groups. The purchase decision was affected by the occurrence of white striping and showed a tendency for a higher acceptance for the alternative production line.

Russian Poultry Meat Market: Trends, Factors and Development Prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
K.G. Borodin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Market ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Partial Equilibrium ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Meat Market ◽  
Development Prospects

The paper deals with the issues of forecasting the Russian poultry meat market. A model of partial equilibrium of the market for differentiated products for the formation of medium-term forecasts of its development is proposed. The estimates of model calculations for the domestic market of poultry meat were obtained. According to the forecast, positive dynamics in domestic poultry production is expected.

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