scholarly journals Perspectival usages of French past time verbal tenses: an experimental investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Cristina Grisot ◽  
Joanna Blochowiak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Past Time ◽  
Subjective Interpretation ◽  
Theoretical Hypothesis ◽  
Reading Experiment ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Annotation Study

Abstract In this paper, we carried out two experimental studies to investigate whether verbal tenses, in their perspectival usages, give access to the speaker’s perspective. Study 1 is an annotation study in which annotators evaluated corpus excerpts as expressing situations or narrating events in a subjective or objective way. We manipulated access to the verbal tense: half of the annotators saw the tense of the verbs, and half saw only infinitive forms of the verbs. Study 2 is a self-paced reading experiment in which we examined how native speakers of French process utterances with the Passé Simple when it is preceded by aujourd’hui (semantic incompatibility solved pragmatically by perspective-taking), hier (semantic and pragmatic compatibility) and en ce moment (semantic incompatibility which cannot be solved pragmatically). The results of Study 1 suggest that the subjective interpretation of an utterance is not triggered by its verbal tense. Study 2 questions the idea that perspective-taking is a component of speaker’s subjectivity. In general, our experimental findings do not support the hypothesis that verbal tenses give access to speaker’s subjectivity, a theoretical hypothesis which has never before been directly experimentally tested.

The variability of compound stress in English: structural, semantic, and analogical factors

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
INGO PLAG
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
American English ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Level ◽  
Categorical Approach ◽  
Stress Assignment ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Reading Experiment ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Stress Patterns

It is generally assumed that noun–noun (NN) compounds in English are stressed on the left-hand member (e.g. cóurtroom, wátchmaker). However, there is a considerable amount of variation in stress assignment (e.g. silk tíe, Madison Ávenue, singer-sóngwriter), whose significance and sources are largely unaccounted for in the literature. This article presents an experimental study in which three competing hypotheses concerning NN stress assignment are tested. The stress patterns of novel and existing compounds, as obtained in a reading experiment with native speakers of American English, were acoustically measured and analyzed. The results show that there is indeed a considerable amount of variation in stress assignment, and that all three hypothesized factors, i.e. structure, semantics, and analogy, are relevant, though to different degrees. On a theoretical level, the findings strongly suggest that a categorical approach cannot be upheld and that probability and analogy need to be incorporated into an adequate account of stress assignment in noun–noun constructions. The article also makes a methodological contribution to the debate in showing that experimental studies using pitch measurements can shed new light on the issue of variable compound stress.

scholarly journals The Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Fighting, Shoplifting and Vandalism in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3509
Author(s):  
Ieuan Evans ◽  
Jon Heron ◽  
Joseph Murray ◽  
Matthew Hickman ◽  
Gemma Hammerton
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Avon Longitudinal Study ◽  
Causal Component

Experimental studies support the conventional belief that people behave more aggressively whilst under the influence of alcohol. To examine how these experimental findings manifest in real life situations, this study uses a method for estimating evidence for causality with observational data—‘situational decomposition’ to examine the association between alcohol consumption and crime in young adults from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Self-report questionnaires were completed at age 24 years to assess typical alcohol consumption and frequency, participation in fighting, shoplifting and vandalism in the previous year, and whether these crimes were committed under the influence of alcohol. Situational decomposition compares the strength of two associations, (1) the total association between alcohol consumption and crime (sober or intoxicated) versus (2) the association between alcohol consumption and crime committed while sober. There was an association between typical alcohol consumption and total crime for fighting [OR (95% CI): 1.47 (1.29, 1.67)], shoplifting [OR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.12, 1.40)], and vandalism [OR (95% CI): 1.33 (1.12, 1.57)]. The associations for both fighting and shoplifting had a small causal component (with the association for sober crime slightly smaller than the association for total crime). However, the association for vandalism had a larger causal component.

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Ship-Roll Stabilization Tanks

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (03) ◽  
pp. 165-180
Author(s):  
W. H. Chu ◽  
J. F. Dalzell ◽  
J. E. Modisette
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Linear Control ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Control Element ◽  
Design Technique ◽  
Ship Roll ◽  
Roll Stabilization ◽  
Gross Behavior ◽  
Experimental Findings

This paper summarizes development of a quasi-linear theory for rectangular-type anti-rolling tank and presents results of the ensuing experimental investigation. Theoretical and experimental studies are compared. It was found that the initial theoretical method, although it reflects gross behavior of fluid in the tank and moments exerted on the ship therefrom, should be regarded as the foundation for a better understanding rather than as a design technique. Experimental findings indicate that the antiroll tank is a non-linear control element over its practical range of operation. Development of a nonlinear mathematical representation incorporating empirical results, as necessary, is recommended.

scholarly journals L3 Sentence Processing: Language-Specific or Phenomenon-Sensitive?

Languages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Sokolova ◽  
Slabakova
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Processing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Semantic Cues ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
L2 Processing ◽  
Processing Strategies ◽  
Reading Experiment ◽  
Linguistic Decision Making ◽  
Matrix Verb ◽  
Processing Language

The article investigates non-native sentence processing and examines the existing scholarly approaches to L2 processing with a population of L3 learners of English, whose native language is Russian. In a self-paced reading experiment, native speakers of Russian and English, as well as (low) intermediate L3 learners of English, read ambiguous relative clauses (RC) and decided on their attachment interpretation: high attachment (HA) or low attachment (LA). In the two-by-two design, linguistic decision-making was prompted by lexical semantic cues vs. a structural change caused by a certain type of matrix verb. The results show that whenever a matrix verb caused a change of syntactic modification, which entailed HA, both native and non-native speakers abandoned the default English-like LA and chose HA. Lexical semantic cues did not have any significant effect in RC attachment resolution. The study provides experimental evidence in favor of the similarity of native and non-native processing strategies. Both native speakers and L3 learners of English apply structural processing strategies and show similar sensitivity to a linguistic prompt that shapes RC resolution. Native and non-native processing is found to be prediction-based; structure building is performed in a top-down manner.

Effect of altered gas diffusivity on alveolar gas exchange-a theoretical study

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Nixon ◽  
A. Pack
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Molecular Diffusivity ◽  
Gas Diffusivity ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Lung Airways ◽  
Alveolar Gas Exchange

Experimental studies have established that alveolar gas exchange is inversely relation to the molecular diffusivity of gas in the lung airways. The mechanism underlying this relationship is, however, unclear. To investigate this phenomenon, the conditions relevant to the experimental studies are simulated using a computational model of pulmonary gas transport. Results from these simulations suggest that the inverse relationship found experimentally can largely be explained on the basis of the intra-acinar stratification of blood flow and gas concentrations. Gas having a relatively low molecular diffusivity is not transported as far into the acinus as gas having a higher diffusivity. When these relative intra-acinar gas distributions interact with the blood flow distribution, which has been shown experimentally to be weighted towards the proximal alveoli, more gas exchange occurs in the low molecular diffusivity mixture. Consideration of the various other mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the experimental findings.he inverse dependence suggests that they are of little significance. In particular, our studies remove the need to invoke Taylor diffusion to explain the experimental findings.

scholarly journals Review of improvements on heat transfer using nanofluids via corrugated facing step

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.13) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hilo ◽  
Abd Rahim Abu Talib ◽  
Sadeq R. Nfawa ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽  
Mohd Faisal Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Laminar Flows ◽  
Transfer Enhancement ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Ideal

Nanofluids are considered to offer significant advantages as thermodynamic fluids because of their admirable properties on thermal conduction, thermal convection, boiling heat transfer and stability. This paper presents numerous researches focusing on the improvement of heat transfer via facing step and corrugated channels using nanofluids and without it. Exploration on the convective heat transfer was done through numerical modeling. It was reported that experimental studies were carried out in corrugated and facing step channels through the application of nanofluids and conventional fluids for heat transfer enhancement. The turbulent and laminar flows along corrugated and facing step channels have been presented. The numerical and experimental findings in maximizing the heat transfer rate are in accord. Comparisons between thermal conductivity measurement methods were done. Innovative design of corrugated facing step channel is being proposed. The heat transfer enhancements reach 60% by using facing step channel under laminar flow with nanofluid. The dimensions of new channel such as height and width of the baffle, the height of the step, shape and height of corrugated are needed to compare that might to provide the ideal rate of heat transfer.  

Review of Stress Effects on Dopant Solubility in Silicon and Silicon-Germanium Layers

2009 ◽  
Vol 156-158 ◽  
pp. 173-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas S. Bennett ◽  
Chihak Ahn ◽  
Nicholas E.B. Cowern ◽  
Peter Pichler
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Germanium ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Theoretical Treatment ◽  
Strained Si ◽  
Early Theory ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
First Time ◽  
Strained Sige

We present a review of both theoretical and experimental studies of stress effects on the solubility of dopants in silicon and silicon-germanium materials. Critical errors and limitations in early theory are discussed, and a recent treatment incorporating charge carrier induced lattice strain and correct statistics is presented. Considering all contributing effects, the strain compensation energy is the primary contribution to solubility enhancement in both silicon and silicon-germanium for dopants of technological interest. An exception is the case of low-solubility dopants, where a Fermi level contribution is also found. Explicit calculations for a range of dopant impurities in Si are presented that agree closely with experimental findings for As, Sb and B in strained Si. The theoretical treatment is also applied to account for stress effects in strained SiGe structures, which also show close correlation with recently derived experimental results for B-doped strained SiGe which are presented here for the first time.

On twittizens and city residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Tarasova ◽  
Natalia Beliaeva
Keyword(s):  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract The present study analyses native speaker perceptions of the differences in the semantic structure of compounds and blends to specify whether the formal differences between compounds and blends are reflected on the semantic level. Viewpoints on blending vary, with some researchers considering it to be an instance of compounding (Kubozono, 1990), while others identify blending as an interim word formation mechanism between compounding and shortening (López Rúa, 2004). The semantic characteristics of English determinative blends and N+N subordinative compounds are compared by evaluating the differences in native speakers’ perceptions of the semantic relationships between constituents of the analysed structures. The results of two web-based experiments demonstrate that readers’ interpretations of both compounds and blends differ in terms of lexical indicators of semantic relations between the elements of these units. The experimental findings indicate that language users’ interpretation of both compounds and blends includes information on semantic relationships. The differences in the effect of the semantic relations on interpretations is likely to be connected to the degree of formal transparency of these units.

Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow in a High Speed Compressor Stator

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ohkita ◽  
H. Kodama ◽  
O. Nozaki ◽  
K. Kikuchi ◽  
A. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Secondary Flow ◽  
Total Pressure ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Flow ◽  
Performance Recovery

A series of numerical and experimental studies have been conducted to understand the mechanism of loss generation in a high speed compressor stator with inlet radial shear flow over the span. In this study, numerical simulation is extensively used to investigate the complex three-dimensional flow in the cascades and to interpret the phenomena appeared in the high speed compressor tests. It has been shown that the inlet radial shear flow generated by upstream rotor had a significant influence on the stator secondary flow, and consequently on the total pressure loss. Redesign of the stator aiming at the reduction of loss by controlling secondary flow has been carried out and the resultant performance recovery was successfully demonstrated both numerically and experimentally.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of the seismic effects during blasting works

2020 ◽  
Vol 313 ◽  
pp. 00019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Papán ◽  
Zuzana Papánová
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dynamic Interaction ◽  
Seismic Effects ◽  
Structure Dynamic ◽  
Structural Failures

The interested part of dynamic analysis is the blasting work effects propagation through soil. This type of the dynamic load can be significant when the soil structure dynamic interaction hasn´t favourable conditions. It can cause structural failures on buildings. The main aim of the paper is to investigate how we can estimate the magnitudes of the seismic waves during blasting works. The results are based on experimental studies.

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