scholarly journals To flee, or not to flee, that is the question for older asylum seekers

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1403-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Loi ◽  
Suresh Sundram
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Media ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

As psychiatrists, we assess, diagnose, and manage psychiatric problems in older adults. We also have an important role as their advocates and in promoting positive attitudes toward this group. Only in the 1950s was there increasing recognition that older age did not necessarily equate to senility, that treatment of psychiatric disorders in this group was possible, and could have good outcomes (Roth, 1955). There is, however, still an undercurrent of pervasive negative attitudes toward the elderly, and their psychiatric needs continue to be marginalized, with less attention from the media, funding bodies, and even from our medical and surgical colleagues (Pensonet al., 2004).

An Examination of Personality and Demographic Factors on Attitudes toward Old People

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Thorson ◽  
Mark L. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Work Students ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Old People ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Edwards Personal Preference Schedule

A group of 212 undergraduate and graduate students completed Kogan's Attitudes Toward Old People scale (OP) and the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS). Persons scoring higher in the trait of aggression demonstrated significantly more negative attitudes toward the aged. Females, older students, and graduate students all tended to be more positive in their attitudes toward older people. Students majoring in business subjects tended to be more negative toward the elderly, while social work students had the most positive attitudes toward older people.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF RESILIENCE IN HONG KONG OLDER ADULTS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pak Kwong Chung ◽  
◽  
Chun Hu ◽  
Chun-Qing Zhang ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Environmental Support ◽  
Positive Attitudes

"Introduction: Resilience, which is defined as the process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress, is important for older adults to maintain a healthy life. This qualitative study aimed to identify the characteristics that contribute to resilience among a group of community-dwelling older adults in Hong Kong. Methods: Individual and focus group interviews were conducted to collect information on life adverse events, attitudes towards adversity, and beliefs underlying the approaches to overcoming adversity among 25 Chinese older adults (2M and 23F) aged 69 to 100 years old (M=80.00, SD=39.08). The transcripts were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Seven characteristics were emerged under the three factors, including equanimity, positive attitudes towards life, meaningfulness, and self-reliance (internal factor), social support and environmental support (external factor), and spirituality and faith (existential factor). Conclusion: In addition to identifying the seven characteristics that contribute to resilience, this study also identified “taking part in physical activity” as an individual resource contributing to resilience. The study also found “government support” is an important environmental factor contributing to positive adaptation to stressful life of the elderly in Hong Kong. The results and findings may facilitate the development of interventions on enhancing older adults’ resilience."

Do Mass Media Shape Stereotypes About Intellectually Gifted Individuals? Two Experiments on Stigmatization Effects From Biased Newspaper Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bergold ◽  
Matthias R. Hastall ◽  
Ricarda Steinmayr
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Intellectually Gifted ◽  
The Media

Negative stereotypes about intellectually gifted individuals prevail among teachers and in society although empirical research has debunked them. They are also dominant in mass media representations of gifted individuals such as newspaper reports. The present study investigated whether stereotypic representations in newspaper articles contribute to the stigmatization of gifted individuals and whether nonstereotypic, evidence-based representations might help destigmatize gifted individuals. Two randomized controlled studies with N = 431 and N = 432 university students, respectively, were conducted. In both experiments, the stereotypic representation caused more negative attitudes toward gifted individuals ( d = 0.86/0.81), whereas the evidence-based representation caused more positive attitudes ( d = −0.54/−0.58), compared with a control group. Quality of previous relationships with gifted persons moderated both effects to some extent; however, both effects were quite robust against potential moderators. Results indicate that the media should be aware of their influence on recipients’ attitudes. Giftedness researchers should more actively join in the public debate to counteract stigmatization of intellectually gifted individuals.

Influence of Prior General Knowledge on Older Adults’ Takeover Performance and Attitude Toward Using Conditionally Automated Driving Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1327-1331
Author(s):  
Huiping Zhou ◽  
Makoto Itoh ◽  
Satoshi Kitazaki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Positive Attitudes

This study aims to investigate the influence of general knowledge, which denotes·driving automation’s taxonomy, definitions, function, driver role, and the request to intervene (RtI), on older adults’ takeover performance when using conditionally driving automation (DA), and to clarify the influence of knowledge on drivers’ attitudes toward DA. We introduced two types of DAs: full range and limited range. A driving simulator (DS) experiment was conducted to collect data, including driving behavior in taking over vehicle control and driver’s subjective evaluation of the DA. Data were collected from 36 elderly (mean age = 71.4±4.8 years) and 36 non-elderly (mean age = 40.8±9.5 years) participants. The results showed significant differences between the elderly and non-elderly, such that educating knowledge had a greater influence on the older adults, that is, instructing knowledge to the drivers contributed to a statistical increase in successful takeover rate from 0.66 to 0.80, but no effect was seen on either the response time or the maximum steering angular velocity. Furthermore, more frequent glance behavior of looking forward from a non-driving related task was observed in the educated groups. Self-rating scores of subjective evaluations revealed that older adults who were given the knowledge had a higher level of trust in and expectation from the DA, and more confidence in comprehending system functions. This study demonstrates the necessity of general knowledge instruction to enhance drivers’ positive attitudes toward DA.

Expectations for Communication with Positive and Negative Subtypes of Older Adults

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake Harwood ◽  
Angie Williams
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Communication Apprehension ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Intergenerational Communication ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Identity ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
To Receive

The study uses a recently-developed scale for eliciting perceptions, expectations, and evaluations of intergenerational communication. As predicted, it is found that younger adults expect to experience more anxiety, receive more complaining, and receive lower levels of attunement from an older adult who is portrayed as “despondent” than one who is portrayed as a “perfect grandparent.” In addition, younger adults with more negative attitudes toward older adults expect to experience more negative affect, anxiety, and communication apprehension, to feel more compassion for the older adult, and to receive lower levels of attunement and more complaining from the older adult than those with more positive attitudes. Surprisingly, younger adults with higher levels of young age identification expect to experience lower levels of apprehension, more attunement from the older adult, and to feel more compassion for the older adult than those with lower levels of age identity. These findings are discussed in terms of theoretical models of intergenerational communication, in particular the communication predicament model. In addition, younger people's feelings of having “helped” an older person are discussed in the context of intergroup theory.

scholarly journals Prejudice-relevant Correlates of Attitudes towards Refugees: A Meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misha Mei Cowling ◽  
Joel R Anderson ◽  
Rose Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Right Wing Authoritarianism ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
Systematic Database

Abstract This article meta-analyses the available data on attitudes towards refugees and asylum seekers, with the aim of estimating effect sizes for the relationships between these attitudes and prejudice-relevant correlates. Seventy studies (Ntotal = 13,720) were located using systematic database searches and calls for unpublished data. In the case of demographic factors, being male, religious, nationally identified, politically conservative, and less educated were associated with negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.11, 0.17, 0.18, 0.21, and –0.16, respectively). For ideological factors, increases in right-wing authoritarianism and social-dominance orientations correlated with negative attitudes, while the endorsement of macro (but not micro) justice principles were associated with positive attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.50, 0.50, –0.29, and 0.00, respectively). Perceptions of refugees as symbolic and realistic threats were the strongest correlates of negative attitudes (Fisher’s zs = 0.98 and 1.11, respectively). These findings have contributed to the growing body of knowledge that endeavors to understand the antecedents of refugee-specific prejudice, and are discussed in light of the global refugee crisis.

Knowledge and Attitudes About Ageing: Their Effects on Auditory Rehabilitation Recommendations

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Elinor Seville ◽  
Fiona M. Alpass ◽  
Nancy Pachana
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chronic Health Condition ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

As the proportion of the population over age 65 in many countries continues to grow, it becomes increasingly important for health care professionals to have well-grounded knowledge of ageing processes and positive attitudes towards their older clients. In New Zealand the third most limiting chronic health condition for older adults is hearing impairment. In this study, audiologists and hearing therapists in New Zealand were asked to complete measures of knowledge and attitudes towards older adults as well as a vignette measuring treatment options. While it was hypothesised that, due to audiologists' higher overall levels of academic qualifications gained, audiologists would have more knowledge and therefore better attitudes towards older adults, there was no difference between the groups' knowledge levels. Further analyses suggested that attitudes held were in part a function of gender and possibly education, with less educated females having more positive attitudes. While all participants had positive attitudes these did not always result in the most appropriate treatment. It was concluded that a lack of specific gerontological knowledge rather than negative attitudes resulted in less appropriate treatment recommendations for older adults.

scholarly journals BOSTON AGING TOGETHER STUDY: ATTITUDES TOWARD OWN AGING AMONG OLDEST-OLD PARENTS AND CHILDREN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S455-S455
Author(s):  
Yijung K Kim ◽  
Kathrin Boerner ◽  
Kyungmin Kim ◽  
Daniela Jopp
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Intergenerational Relationships ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Development And Aging

Abstract One consequence of modern longevity is the growing number of older adults with very old parents. While family members are often interdependent in their development and aging, less is known about how intergenerational relationships may influence individuals’ attitudes toward their own aging in later life. Using 70 dyads of oldest-old parents (Mage = 93) and their children (Mage = 67) from the Boston Aging Together Study, we examined the dyadic concordance in positive attitudes toward own aging, and how perceptions of giving and receiving care are associated with attitudes toward own aging for parents and children. On average, parents reported more negative attitudes toward own aging than did children. In less than half of all dyads (46%), both parents and children reported positive (i.e., score three or higher on a scale that ranged from one to five) attitudes toward own aging. T-test results showed that the dyads with positive attitudes toward own aging had more within-dyad age difference, better average self-rated health, fewer depressive symptoms and less loneliness than others. For children, higher level of caregiver’s burden was associated with more negative attitudes toward own aging. For parents, perception of received support was not associated with their attitudes toward own aging. This study sheds light on how both individual and family characteristics may influence individuals’ aging perceptions. Findings suggest the context of parent-child ties may particularly be relevant to those older adults who may have to deal with their own aging- related challenges as well as those of their parents.

Attitudes towards pharmacotherapy in late-life bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soham Rej ◽  
Josien Schuurmans ◽  
Dominique Elie ◽  
Max L. Stek ◽  
Kenneth Shulman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitude Inventory ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Drug Attitude Inventory

ABSTRACTBackground:Lithium remains a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder, but clinicians have considerable concern over potential adverse effects, especially in older adults. Older patients’ attitude towards lithium has not been investigated, even though negative attitudes are closely associated with reduced adherence. We examine the attitude towards lithium pharmacotherapy in older adults with bipolar disorder.Methods:In a cross-sectional study of 78 patients aged >60 years with bipolar disorder, the association between lithium use and attitudes towards psychotropic pharmacotherapy was assessed using the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10), including multivariate analyses.Results:Compared to patients using alternative psychopharmacological treatments (n =30), lithium users (n=48) showed higher self-reported contentedness, subjective somatic health, and social functioning scores. Although 58.7% of lithium users reported severe adverse effects, lithium users had more positive attitudes towards psychotropic pharmacotherapy compared to non-users (DAI-10 mean score 6.0 vs. 3.9, p =0.01), and this effect was independent of potential confounders.Conclusions:Older bipolar patients using lithium have a more positive attitude towards psychotropic pharmacotherapy, despite high rates of adverse effects. Future longitudinal studies could investigate whether positive medication attitudes lead to improved treatment adherence and reduced bipolar disorder relapse in older lithium users.

Attitudes towards asylum seekers in rural areas: disrupting ideas of polarization by including indifference

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1-2020) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Victoria Reitter
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Rural Context ◽  
And Behavior

Based on ethnographic field research, this paper deals with the attitudes of the local population towards newly arrived asylum seekers in a rural, peripheral town in Austria. The empirical data show that positive and negative attitudes are linked equally to three clusters of arguments: those that invoke the rural context, those that relate to social dynamics within the community and those that highlight the appearance and behavior of asylum seekers. What all of these arguments have in common is that the welcoming refugees is based on some form of condition. However, what remains hidden in this observation is the ‘nonattitude’ of indifference, which is also found among the population and can disrupt polarized images of exclusively negative or positive attitudes towards newcomers.

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