scholarly journals Subliminal Messages for Increasing Self-Esteem: Placebo Effect

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Manuel Froufe ◽  
Cecilia Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Unconscious Perception ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Subliminal Messages ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Verbal Messages

Although experimental research has confirmed the capacity of the human cognitive system to process information that does not reach consciousness (unconscious perception), empirical evidence of the incidence of subliminal verbal messages included on audiotapes claiming to improve human resources and correct some behavioral problems is meager and inconsistent. Our study assesses the influence of “subliminal tapes” designed to increase self-esteem. Participants were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions. One group listened to a tape of music with supra- and subliminal messages; another listened to a tape of music with only subliminal messages; the third group's tape had only music, although the participants believed that it also included subliminal messages; a fourth (“waiting”) group heard no tapes, but filled in the same self-esteem scales. Participants in the first three groups filled in the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (Fitts, 1965) before and after listening to the tape for several days. All groups showed a similar pretest-posttest improvement in self-esteem (p ≤ .003), except for the waiting group, which did not improve (p = .311). This implies that only a placebo effect took place. Our data are not in accordance with those obtained by other authors. We comment upon the possible reasons for these discrepancies.

scholarly journals The Association between Behavioral Problems with SelfEsteem and Self-Concept in Pediatric Patients with Thalassemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohamad Kazem Nourbakhsh ◽  
Minoo Atamanesh ◽  
Mohammad Effatpanah ◽  
Mona Salehi ◽  
Morteza Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: High prevalence of behavioral and psychological disorders in children with thalassemia can be associated with a decrease in the self-esteem of patients and can completely alter the person's self-concept. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral problems and its relationship with self-esteem and self-concept in patients with thalassemia major aged 6 to 18 years. Method: In a cross-sectional study, 30 patients with thalassemia major at the age of 6 to 18 years were enrolled. behavioral problems, self-esteem, and self-concept were evaluated by the child's behavioral check list at the ages of 6 to 18 years (CBCL 6-18), the Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Results: A total of 10.0% of patients had behavioral disorders, 3 (10.0%) desirable self-esteem, 15 (50.0%) moderate self-esteem, and 12 (40.0%) poor self-esteem. There was a strong but adverse correlation between behavioral disorder score and both self-esteem score (correlation coefficient equal to -0.886, p value = 0.001) and self-concept score (correlation coefficient equal to -0.498, p value = 0.001), and thus those patients with behavioral disorder had less appropriate self-esteem and self-concept. Conclusion: The incidence of behavioral disorders is associated with decreased self-esteem and poor self-concept in these patients. Therefore, improvement in behavioral disorders can be expected by improving self-esteem and selfconcept in such patients.

Comparison of Group Therapy and Behavioral Modification with Children

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth K. Berry ◽  
Richard J. Turone ◽  
Patricia Hardt
Keyword(s):  
Therapy Group ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Classroom Behaviors ◽  
Behavioral Modification ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Disruptive Classroom Behaviors

24 children exhibiting disruptive classroom behaviors were assigned either to a self-concept psychotherapy group or to a behavioral modification group. Measures of self-esteem and disruptive or “deviant” behaviors were made before and after treatment. The self-concept therapy group showed the greater changes on behavioral measures. The self-esteem measures were not significantly changed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the cutting ability of two reciprocating instruments (WaveOne Gold e W-file)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. e207101421900
Author(s):  
Adolfo de Matos de Carvalho ◽  
Marcely Reis da Silva ◽  
Matheus Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Edeilton Santana de Oliveira Junior ◽  
Caio Cesar Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fundamental Step ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reciprocating Instruments ◽  
Cutting Capacity

Instrumentation is a fundamental step in endodontic treatment to promote proper cleaning and shaping of the canal. The objective of this study was to compare the cutting capacity of two reciprocal nickel-titanium systems in simulated canal blocks. Sixty acrylic blocks were used, divided into two groups of reciprocal files (WaveOne Gold - WOG and W-File - WF), each with 30 blocks and divided into 3 groups (n=10) representing the first, second and third uses: WOG1, WOG2, WOG3, WF1, WF2, and WF3, respectively. Ink was injected into the simulated channels, which were covered with laminated paper to avoid affecting the instrumentation. For irrigation, 5mL of saline was used at each instrument change. At the end of instrumentation, the blocks were photographed and analyzed in a computer program to compare the results before and after instrumentation. In the statistical analysis, the tests S Shapiro-Wilk, T for independent samples and Mann Whitney were performed. Under the experimental conditions in which this study was conducted, it is concluded that there were no significant differences in apical transport after the third application. However, the instruments of the W-File group had more conservative preparations with a better centralization capacity compared to the instruments of the WaveOne Gold group, which caused preparations with a larger diameter.

Effects of TA Instruction on Empathy, Self-Esteem, Control

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto D. Payton ◽  
Robert L. Morriss ◽  
Andrew V. Beale
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Graduate Course ◽  
Internal Locus ◽  
Internal Locus Of Control ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Theory Base

Tests of empathie discrimination, self-concept and locus of control were given before and after a graduate course in supervision. The course was both didactic and experiential and was built on a TA theory base. Results from two separate studies demonstrated significant changes toward empathie discrimination skill and internal locus of control. A statistically non-significant trend toward a higher self-concept was also seen. Control groups demonstrated no significant changes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Changes in Physical Self-Concept through Participation in Exercise on Changes in Self-Esteem and Mental Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5224
Author(s):  
Inwoo Kim ◽  
Jihoon Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Exercise Participation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being

The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of the changes in physical self-concept induced by exercise participation on the changes in global self-esteem and mental well-being using a structural model analysis. A total of 189 university students in Seoul, Korea, participated in the present study for two waves. The participants responded through a survey measuring physical self-concept, self-esteem, and mental well-being before and after a six-week exercise course. Regression analysis was used to calculate the amount of change in each variable, and the calculated residual scores were used for correlation analysis and structural model analysis. The amounts of changes in the variables are significantly correlated with each other and there was a complementary mediating effect of the changes in self-esteem on the pathway from the changes in physical self-concept to the changes in mental well-being. Physical self-concept changed by exercise participation might directly and positively influence mental well-being, and it can indirectly influence the changes in mental well-being via the improvement of self-esteem.

Assessment of the Efficacy of a Peer Mentoring Program in a University Setting

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Alonso ◽  
Gloria Castaño ◽  
Ana M. Calles ◽  
Silvia Sánchez-Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Academic Setting ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Formal Mentoring Program ◽  
University Setting

In the present study, the efficacy of a formal mentoring program applied to fourth and fifth year students of the Psychology Faculty of the Complutense University is assessed. In this program, fifth-year students took on the role of mentors and fourth-year students, the role of mentees. To assess the efficacy, the group of mentors was compared with a group of non-mentors and the group of mentees with a group of non-mentees, before and after the program, taking into account the variables related to career development function (knowledge acquired of the academic setting and satisfaction with the career of Psychology) and the psychosocial function (self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and involvement).The results show a statistically significant increase in the knowledge acquired about the academic setting as a consequence of the program, both in the group of mentors and in the group of mentees. Moreover, the mentors achieved a better average grade in the subjects of the specialty of Work Psychology. There were no statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in satisfaction with the career of Psychology, or in self-concept, self-esteem, or self-efficacy.

STUDIES ON SUSTAINED CONTRACEPTIVE EFFECTS WITH SUBCUTANEOUS POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE IMPLANTS

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Benagiano ◽  
M. Ermini ◽  
L. Carenza ◽  
P. Donini
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Megestrol Acetate ◽  
Bleeding Pattern ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Ovarian function was assessed in 10 healthy young women, before and after the insertion of 3 or 4 polydimethylsiloxane capsules filled with 20 mg of megestrol acetate. Each capsule released in vitro, approximately 20 μg/24 h of the hormone. Daily determination of the urinary excretion of FSH, LH, fractionated oestrogens and pregnanediol were performed in all subjects during one control cycle, the first and the third cycle after the insertion of the capsules. Out of 10, 8 control cycles were ovulatory according to all the parameters investigated. This compares with 15 ovulatory cycles out of a total of 20, examined after the insertion of the capsules. During treatment no changes were observed in the FSH excretion pattern; the mid-cycle LH peak was present in all ovulatory cycles, although it was usually much less evident under the action of megestrol acetate. The excretion of oestradiol was significantly increased in all subjects (P < 0.05) during the first cycle following implantation. Oestrone and oestriol excretion was also generally higher in patients bearing PDS capsules; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Pregnanediol levels were not affected by the treatment in all cycles considered to be ovulatory on the basis of all the parameters. The menstrual bleeding pattern did not change in the majority of cases. One patient had, during treatment with 3 capsules, two profuse break-through bleedings whereas another one became amenorrhoic two months after the insertion of 4 implants. It is concluded that megestrol acetate sustained release preparations do not inhibit ovulation under the experimental conditions used.

scholarly journals Life skills program for improving adolescent mental health in the af-termath Mount Merapi eruption, Yogyakarta-Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Fransiska Kaligis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Disaster ◽  
Life Skills Program

The ability of adolescents to cope with stressful life events has not been well developed. Facing stressful situ-ations might trigger them to engage in many dangerous and self-destructive behaviors. Life skills program in improving mental health of adolescents has been proven in many countries, as it has in Indonesia. In post-disaster situation, there is rarely any community program which focuses on adolescent mental health. Life skills program is a psychological intervention to teach adolescents to improve their skill to cope with stress, develop self-esteem, deal with peer pressure, think critically, communicate appropriately and act assertively. Teachers and local health professionals who have already been trained about life skills program apply this program in adolescents experiencing a stressful event, a natural disaster from the eruption of Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta-Indonesia. This study attempts to apply and evaluate the effectiveness of the program for adolescents who had survived a natural disaster in Yogyakarta-Indonesia. Three-weeks life skills training was conducted in 2012 on 40 junior and senior high school students, post Mount Merapi eruption in Yogyakarta and Magelang. Subjects were assessed for their self-image using Rosenberg self-image questionnaire, and their emotional-behavioral problems and mental strength using Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), before and after the train-ing. SPSS was used for the statistical analysis. The average age of the subjects was 14.48 + 1.21 years old. There were significant differences on the self-esteem and mental strength aspects of the subjects before and after intervention. Score on low self-esteem was improved (p=0.005), negative self perception also became better (p<0.001), and prosocial behavior was increased (p=0.001). There were also decreasing difficulties and emo-tional-behavioral problem score after intervention, and other aspects of self-esteem such as instability and self-consciousness. Life skills training has several positive effects in improving mental strength and self-image and decreasing emotional and behavioral problems of adolescents post-disaster.

scholarly journals Zelfwaardering, zelfbepaling en authenticiteit: visies vanuit de sociale psychologie

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roos Vonk
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Real Self

Self-esteem, self-determination and authenticity: views from social psychology Self-esteem, self-determination and authenticity: views from social psychology R. Vonk, Gedrag & Organisatie, Volume 17, October 2004, nr. 5, pp. 292-302. The first part of this paper describes how people distort reality to protect a favorable self-concept. This creates friction between the need for self-esteem and the facts of life which include failure and rejection. In the second part, the distinction between 'real' and defensive self-esteem is described. 'Real' self-esteem is the result of self-determination: being in contact with one's inner values and motives and acting in accordance with those, rather than looking for reaffirmation by others. 'Real' self-esteem is associated with authenticity, intrinsic motivation, and inspiration. In the third part, the limitations of this view are discussed, and it is argued that positive psychology (from which this view has emerged), too, does not concord with reality, because rewarding relations with others are a necessary condition for personal growth. A plea is made for more realistic forms of autonomy, and for a synthesis between positive and 'cynical' research within social psychology.

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