scholarly journals Trends in the prevalence of elevated skinfold thickness among children and adolescents in Shandong Province, China, 1995–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2238-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Rong Wang ◽  
Yan Cheng ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Ying-Xiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Abundant Data ◽  
Very High

AbstractObjectiveThere are abundant data on secular trends in BMI; however, information on the change in subcutaneous fat is limited. The present study examined the trends in the prevalence of elevated skinfold thickness among children and adolescents over the past 19 years (1995–2014) in Shandong Province, China.DesignData for the study were obtained from two cross-sectional surveys of schoolchildren carried out in 1995 and 2014. Triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (SFT) of all participants were measured. The sum of triceps and subscapular SFT (SSFT) was applied. Children and adolescents with SSFT above or equal to the national age- and sex-specific 85th percentile were defined as ‘high SFT’.SettingShandong Province, China.SubjectsA total of 16 917 students aged 7–18 years were included.ResultsFor both boys and girls, an increasing trend in ‘high SFT’ was observed between 1995 and 2014. The overall prevalence of ‘high SFT’ increased from 10·31 % for boys and 13·40 % for girls in 1995 to 33·94 % for boys and 29·30 % for girls in 2014 (P<0·01).ConclusionsThere are more children and adolescents with very high levels of SFT. These trends describe very unfavourable changes in the body composition and should give cause for concern.

scholarly journals Gender Stratified Analyses of the Association of Skinfold Thickness with Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study in General Northeastern Chinese Residents

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2748
Author(s):  
Yuyan Liu ◽  
Yongfang Li ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Ping Ma ◽  
Luyang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Women ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Subscapular Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

The association of hypertension with skinfold thickness (ST) in adults is not clear. Our study was aimed at finding out the association of hypertension with ST in different gender and obesity categories. This is a cross-sectional study based on 2336 Chinese residents (767 men). Both subscapular skinfold thickness (SST) and tricep skinfold thickness (TST) were examined. We estimated the association of hypertension with per SD increase of SST and TST using multivariable logistic regression analyses in men and women. Six subgroups were stratified using cutoff points of body mass index (BMI) and ST: larger and smaller ST in normal weight (BMI < 24 kg/m2), overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 28 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2), respectively. The association of hypertension with ST was only shown in women after adjustment for other risk factors. Among women of the normal weight subgroup, higher prevalence of hypertension was shown in those with larger ST. No difference of the prevalence of hypertension was found between women with larger ST in the normal weight subgroup and those with smaller ST in overweight or obesity subgroups. Our study suggested that even for people with normal weight, it was necessary to monitor the subcutaneous fat using ST for preventing hypertension at least in general Chinese women.

scholarly journals Estimation of percentage of body fat in field studies – a method based on relative elbow breadth (Frame Index) and BMI

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Mumm ◽  
Anna Reimann ◽  
Christiane Scheffler
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Robusticity

Background Over the last 20 years, a decreasing trend in external skeletal robusticity and an increasing trend in overweight and obesity was observed worldwide in adults and children as modern lifestyles in nutritional and activity behavior have changed. However, body mass index (BMI) as a measure for overweight is not an ideal predictor of % body fat (%BF) either in children and adolescents or in adults. On the contrary, it disguises a phenomenon called “hidden obesity”. Objectives We aim to approximate %BF by combining skeletal robusticity and BMI and develop an estimation-based tool to identify normal weight obese children and adolescents. Sample and Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data on height, weight, elbow breadth, and skinfold thickness (triceps and subscapular) of German children aged 6 to 18 years (N=15,034). We used modified Hattori charts and multiple linear regression to develop a tool, the “%BF estimator”, to estimate %BF by using BMI and skeletal robusticity measured as Frame Index. Results Independent of sex and age an increase in BMI is associated with an increase in %BF, an increase in Frame Index is associated with a decrease in %BF. The developed tool “%BF estimator” allows the estimation of %BF per sex and age group after calculation of BMI and Frame Index. Conclusion The “%BF estimator” is an easily applicable tool for the estimation of %BF in respect of body composition for clinical practice, screening, and public health research. It is non-invasive and has high accuracy. Further, it allows the identification of normal weight obese children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Burden, depression and anxiety in primary caregivers of children and adolescents in renal replacement therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélica Godoy Torres Lima ◽  
Clécia Cristiane da Silva Sales ◽  
Welton Flávio de Lima Serafim
Keyword(s):  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
The Body ◽  
Renal Unit ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is rare in children, but it causes repercussions in several aspects of life, because the disease and treatment cause great changes in the daily lives of the child and his family, increasing the burden on caregivers. Objective: To evaluate the burden of primary caregivers of children and adolescents who undergo renal replacement therapy (RRT). Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study performed at the Pediatric Renal Unit of a school hospital in the Northeast. Forty-nine primary caregivers of pediatric patients with CKD in RRT followed up in our clinic participated in the study. We used validated instruments to assess burden, depression and anxiety. We ran some tests to analyze the findings of burden, depression and anxiety in the sample. Results: Most of the caregivers are the mothers of these children (89.8%), aged between 36 and 45 years (46.9%), have Elementary School education only (55.1%) and reported feeling pain in the body (69.4%), but they did not have chronic disease. The majority of the children have been in RRT from 1 to 3 years (40.8%), aged from 9 to 11 years (30.6%), are male (55.1%), and under hemodialysis (38.8%). The caregivers had a moderate level of burden (2.10), a high prevalence of moderate to severe depression (18.4%) and anxiety (47%), and a strong correlation between burden, depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Caring for a child with CKD is an intense experience, with negative consequences, due to uncertainties about the future and the very care these children require. We need to do something to help these caregivers better manage care, as well as cope with their own feelings.

scholarly journals Development of Sexuality in Female Children and Adolescents*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 879-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Whitfield
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Female Sexuality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Children ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Impact

Female sexuality (meaning sexual desire, excitement and orgasm) has been of considerable interest in psychiatry. Women's efforts to define and legitimize their own experience of their sexuality have increased in the past 25 years. However, the integration of these new views into the body of psychiatric (especially psychoanalytic) theory has not occurred very actively or successfully. Very little is known about the development of sexuality in childhood and adolescence. This paper looks at various behaviours, interests and events in women's lives that might reveal something about the development of their sexuality. The literature on female masturbation is reviewed and some sex differences highlighted. The literature on interest in babies, the wish to have babies, and menarche is explored for possible associations with sexuality. Rather than sexuality being a central organizer of experience, it seems quite possible that experience is an organizer of sexuality. Therefore, to better understand female sexuality we need to consider the impact of experiences during childhood and adolescence.

Prevalent Change in Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents From 1995 to 2005 in Shandong, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxiu Zhang ◽  
Shurong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

Background: There is strong evidence of a positive secular trend in body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness (SFT) in most of the world over the past 10 years. However, no studies on this trend have been reported in Shandong Province, China. Aim: The present study assessed the decennial change in BMI and SFT in Shandong Province during the past 10 years and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Subjects and methods: The BMI and SFT of adolescents aged 7 to 18 years was calculated using data from 2 national surveys on students’ constitution and health carried out by the government in 1995 and 2005 in Shandong Province, China. The distribution of BMI and SFT was reported, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were obtained according to the screening criteria of overweight and obesity for Chinese students using BMI. Results: In the past 10 years, the P50 (50th percentile) of BMI and SFT increased rapidly. The average increments of BMI and SFT were 0.91 kg/m2, 7.99 mm for boys and 0.55 kg/m2, 7.13 mm for girls, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased rapidly: for overweight from 7.53% (boys), 4.89% (girls) in 1995 to 14.28% (boys), 8.75% (girls) in 2005; and for obesity from 2.92% (boys), 1.72% (girls) in 1995 to 10.78% (boys), 5.76% (girls) in 2005. Conclusion: The average value of BMI and SFT has increased over time; overweight and obesity among adolescents has become a serious public health problem. Comprehensive evidence-based strategies of intervention should be introduced, including periodic monitoring.

scholarly journals Esteatose hepática pode comprometer o efeito do exercício físico sobre a composição corporal em crianças e adolescentes obesos?

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti Saraiva ◽  
Paula Alves Monteiro ◽  
Claudia De Carvalho Brunholi ◽  
Marcelo Rodrigues Ribeiro dos Santos ◽  
Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Obese Children

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2017v19n4p459 Physical exercise is one of the forms of prevention and treatment of obesity and associated diseases such as hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to analyze whether hepatic steatosis interferes in the effect of physical exercise on the body composition of obese children and adolescents. The sample consists of 40 obese individuals, 13 children (8.17±1.33 years) and 27 adolescents (12.28±1.36 years). Total and segmental body composition was estimated by DEXA. Anthropometric measurements were performed, as well as ultrasound examination of the liver to measure intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat, and to diagnose hepatic steatosis (HS). The intervention consisted of 20 weeks, with recreational/competitive activities being applied to children and, for adolescents, concurrent training (aerobic and resistance). The Levene’s, repeated-measures ANOVA and effect size tests (ES) by Eta-Squared were performed. It was observed that, although not statistically significant, analyzing the effect size, physical activity in both children (body fat ES effect time= 0.210 and ES effect group= 0.208; fat mass ES effect group = 0.338; fat android ES effect Interaction= 0.267), and adolescents (intra-abdominal fat ES effect group = 0.230) regardless of whether or not HS was effective in reducing body fat. Therefore, exercise was effective in improving the body composition of obese children and adolescents, regardless of HS.

scholarly journals The impact of racially-motivated housing discrimination on allostatic load among Indigenous university students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Currie ◽  
Takara A. Motz ◽  
Jennifer L Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
University Students ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Discrimination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Allostatic load (AL) is an aggregate measure of wear and tear on the body due to the chronic activation of the stress response system. The goal of this study was to examine the association between racially-motivated housing discrimination and AL score within a sample of Indigenous university students.Methods Data for this cross-sectional study were collected from Indigenous adults attending university in a small city in western Canada between 2015 and 2017 ( N = 104; Mean age = 27.8 years). An item adapted from the Experience of Discrimination Scale was to assess racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past 12 months. AL was measured as a composite of 7 biomarkers assessing neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system function. Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrapped linear regression models were used to examine associations adjusting for age, income, parenthood, and other situations in which discrimination had been experienced.Results Indigenous university students who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year (16.8% of the sample) had an average AL score of approximately 4, which was almost double that of their peers who had not. In an adjusted model. racially-motivated housing discrimination was associated with a-1.5 point increase in AL score. This model explained 35% of the adjusted variance in AL score, of which racially-motivated housing discrimination explained 24% ( R 2 Change = 0.24, F Change = 32.52, Sig. F Change p <0.001).Conclusions Indigenous adults who experienced racially-motivated housing discrimination in the past year had early and more pronounced wear and tear on neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system functioning in young and middle adulthood than Indigenous peers who did not. These findings combine with others to highlight the need for increased efforts to prevent racially-motivated housing discrimination in urban centres.

Abstract 15830: Uncontrolled and Undertreated Cholesterol in Patients With Severe Hypercholesterolemia at a Large Healthcare System

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine P Benziger ◽  
Nicole Groth
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Very High

Introduction: Patients with phenotypic severe hypercholesterolemia (SH) (low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) ≥ 190 mg/dL), should have at least 50% LDL-c lowering by treatment with a maximally tolerated statin to goal LDL-c<100 mg/dL for primary prevention. Despite even more aggressive goals in Europe, these targets are not widely implemented. Methods: Cross-sectional study using an electronic medical record-based SH registry defined by ever having an LDL-c ≥ 190 mg/dL from 01/01/2000-01/16/2020 (n=17,925) at Essentia Health (MN, WI, and ND). Patients excluded if they had no visit at EH within the past 5 years (n=274), were <20 or >75 years old (n=3,171) or deceased (n=34). Results: We included 14,661 SH patients (81.1%) (mean age 59.8 ± 10.3 years; 58.9% female). A total of 40.7% were untreated for SH, 23.2% on a high-intensity statin, and 0.4% on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor. Statins were prescribed in 31.8%, 47.9%, 56.1% and 65.4% of patients aged 20-39, 40-49, and 50-59, 60-75 years, respectively. There were 1,111 with a highest ever LDL-c > 250 mg/dL (32.8% not currently on lipid medication (n=365) and 14.5% of this group had LDL-c<100 mg/dL. Overall, 25.0% achieved at least 50% LDL-lowering (Table 1) and 19.8%, a most recent LDL-c<100 mg/dL; 64.1% of men and 69.5% of women treated with any lipid medication still had an elevated LDL-c. In the no medication group, only 17.2% (n=1,025) had a statin allergy/intolerance. Females were less likely to be on a statin than males (p<0.001). High-intensity statin was the strongest predictor of an LDL-c at goal, then highest ideal cardiovascular health score (adjusted RR 13.2; 95% CI: 11.1-15.6). Conclusions: Majority of patients at very high risk of CVD with SH remain untreated or undertreated with recent LDL-c levels above target. It is necessary to obtain better control of lipid levels in patients already being treated, increase the detection of SH and improve adherence to the current guidelines.

scholarly journals Prevalence of low back pain and associated risk factors among professional car drivers in Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Begum Nurun Nahar ◽  
GU Ashan ◽  
Nazmul A Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Management Interventions

Low back pain (LBP) is common and affects most people at some point in their life. The exact cause of LBP among professional car drivers is still uncertain. Epidemiological studies of LBP have been performed among general populations and professional drivers in different countries; however the data on LBP in this professional category is scarce in Bangladesh. This paper investigates the prevalence of LBP among professional car drivers in Dhaka city and examines the relationship between back pain and years of driving, driving duration per day and the body weight of the drivers. A cross-sectional study was performed during December 2010 using a questionnaire and car drivers who experienced back pain for at least one day during the past 12 months were included in the study. The study demonstrated that 78% of car drivers reported LBP for at least one day during the past 12 months. The study also revealed age, daily and cumulative driving in drivers and stature are among the risk factors of LBP. Occupational health and safety management interventions should be implemented to prevent adverse health effects in professional car drivers.South East Asia J Public Health | Jan-June 2012 | Vol 2 Issue 1 | 60-62 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v2i1.15267

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