Prevalent Change in Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adolescents From 1995 to 2005 in Shandong, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingxiu Zhang ◽  
Shurong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Periodic Monitoring ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data

Background: There is strong evidence of a positive secular trend in body mass index (BMI) and skinfold thickness (SFT) in most of the world over the past 10 years. However, no studies on this trend have been reported in Shandong Province, China. Aim: The present study assessed the decennial change in BMI and SFT in Shandong Province during the past 10 years and the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Subjects and methods: The BMI and SFT of adolescents aged 7 to 18 years was calculated using data from 2 national surveys on students’ constitution and health carried out by the government in 1995 and 2005 in Shandong Province, China. The distribution of BMI and SFT was reported, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity were obtained according to the screening criteria of overweight and obesity for Chinese students using BMI. Results: In the past 10 years, the P50 (50th percentile) of BMI and SFT increased rapidly. The average increments of BMI and SFT were 0.91 kg/m2, 7.99 mm for boys and 0.55 kg/m2, 7.13 mm for girls, respectively. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased rapidly: for overweight from 7.53% (boys), 4.89% (girls) in 1995 to 14.28% (boys), 8.75% (girls) in 2005; and for obesity from 2.92% (boys), 1.72% (girls) in 1995 to 10.78% (boys), 5.76% (girls) in 2005. Conclusion: The average value of BMI and SFT has increased over time; overweight and obesity among adolescents has become a serious public health problem. Comprehensive evidence-based strategies of intervention should be introduced, including periodic monitoring.

scholarly journals Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Uganda: Evidence From the Uganda Demographic Health Survey 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraish Sserwanja ◽  
Linet M. Mutisya ◽  
Emmanuel Olal ◽  
Milton W. Musaba ◽  
David Mukunya
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The North ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity is an emerging public health problem. Although previously a problem of high-income countries, low- and middle-income countries are now registering higher proportions of overweight and obese children. Studies in Africa have mainly focused on undernutrition among children. This paper explores the factors associated with childhood obesity and overweight in Uganda using data from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) of 2016.Methods: We used Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS) 2016 data of 4,338 children less than five years. Multistage stratified sampling was used to select study participants and data were collected using validated questionnaires. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with obesity and overweight among children under the age of five in Uganda.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 5.0% (217/4338) (95% CI: 4.3–5.6) with overweight at 3.9% (168/4338: 95% CI: 3.2–4.3) and obesity at 1.1% (49/4338: 95% CI: 0.8–1.5). Boys were more likely to be overweight or obese (adjusted odds ratio: aOR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.42–2.82) compared to girls. Furthermore, children from the Western region (aOR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.07–2.44) compared to those from the North, children below the age of 49 months and those with mothers who were overweight or obese (aOR = 3.36; 95% CI 1.53–7.34) were more likely to be obese or overweight compared to their counterparts who were above 48 months and those with underweight mothers respectively.Conclusion: The present study showed male sex, older age of the children, nutritional status of the mothers and region of residence were associated with overnutrition among under five children in Uganda.

scholarly journals CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi P ◽  
Dharshini M ◽  
Priyadharshini R
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Data Manipulation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Data ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Visualization Techniques ◽  
Women In India

— The main objective of this paper is to analyze the crime which entails various violations against women both quantitatively and qualitatively. Crime Against Women is a public health Problem. A deep analysis is made on Crime against women which will be helpful in understanding the depth of the problem and to take further steps to stop crime against women in India. Crime against women in India is Increasing rapidly and it is essential to get rid of this problem. The main aim is to analyze and find insights using data manipulation and visualization techniques by applying various tools of analytics and giving a clear idea about the data and forecasting or predicting the future crime rate by using the past data. Descriptive analysis using various charts & graphs will be undertaken to perform data visualization which helps to draw valid conclusions.

scholarly journals Trends in the prevalence of elevated skinfold thickness among children and adolescents in Shandong Province, China, 1995–2014

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2238-2241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Rong Wang ◽  
Yan Cheng ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Ying-Xiu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Abundant Data ◽  
Very High

AbstractObjectiveThere are abundant data on secular trends in BMI; however, information on the change in subcutaneous fat is limited. The present study examined the trends in the prevalence of elevated skinfold thickness among children and adolescents over the past 19 years (1995–2014) in Shandong Province, China.DesignData for the study were obtained from two cross-sectional surveys of schoolchildren carried out in 1995 and 2014. Triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses (SFT) of all participants were measured. The sum of triceps and subscapular SFT (SSFT) was applied. Children and adolescents with SSFT above or equal to the national age- and sex-specific 85th percentile were defined as ‘high SFT’.SettingShandong Province, China.SubjectsA total of 16 917 students aged 7–18 years were included.ResultsFor both boys and girls, an increasing trend in ‘high SFT’ was observed between 1995 and 2014. The overall prevalence of ‘high SFT’ increased from 10·31 % for boys and 13·40 % for girls in 1995 to 33·94 % for boys and 29·30 % for girls in 2014 (P<0·01).ConclusionsThere are more children and adolescents with very high levels of SFT. These trends describe very unfavourable changes in the body composition and should give cause for concern.

A system dynamics model of the nutritional stages of the Colombian population

Kybernetes ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose D Meisel ◽  
Olga L. Sarmiento ◽  
Camilo Olaya ◽  
Juan A Valdivia ◽  
Roberto Zarama
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Systemic Approach ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Sd Model

Purpose – Overweight, obesity, and physical inactivity have in recent years become an important public health problem worldwide. Investigations that study obesity using a systemic approach in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are limited. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to study the nutritional stages dynamics within the Colombian urban population. Design/methodology/approach – The authors used a population-level systems dynamics (SD) model that captures the transitions of population by body mass index (BMI) categories. The authors proposed a heuristic to estimate the transference rates (TRs) between BMI categories using data from the Colombian Demographic and Health Survey 2005 and 2010. Findings – The Colombian urban population is moving to overweight and obese categories. The TRs from not overweight to overweight and from overweight to obese (0.0076 and 0.0054, respectively) are higher than the TRs from obese to overweight and from overweight to not-overweight (1.025×10e−7 and 3.47×10e−7, respectively). The simulation results show that the prevalences of overweight and obesity will increase by 6.2 and 7.5 percent by 2015, and by 13.4 and 18.9 percent by 2030, respectively. Originality/value – Investigations that study obesity using a systemic approach in LMICs are limited. A SD model was proposed to examine changes in the population’s nutritional stages using population accumulation structures by BMI categories. The authors propose a heuristic to estimate the TRs of individuals between BMI categories. The proposed model can be used to study the effects of policy interventions to prevent overweight and obesity. The authors analyze a few policy intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Tropospheric NO2Trends over South Asia during the Last Decade (2004–2014) Using OMI Data

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zia ul-Haq ◽  
Salman Tariq ◽  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Past ◽  
Using Data

The focus of this study is to assess spatiotemporal variability of tropospheric NO2over South Asia using data from spaceborne OMI during the past decade (2004–2015). We find an average value of NO21.0 ± 0.05 × 1015 molec/cm2and a significant decadal increase of 14%. The elevating NO2pollution over the region is linked to rise in motor vehicles and industrial and agricultural activities and increase in biomass fuel usage. The observed seasonality of NO2is associated with change in meteorological conditions and seasonal cycles of anthropogenic emissions. OMI data reveal a seasonal peak in spring followed by winter largely linked to metrological conditions and anthropogenic emissions from crop residue and biomass burning for heating purpose, and low concentration in summer is mostly attributed to meteorological conditions. Significant increase, up to 42%, in NO2concentrations over northwestern IGB, is observed connected to large scale postmonsoon crop residue events of 2010 and 2012. It is seen that NO2is mounting over all the hotspot locations and most of the cities. Dhaka shows the highest increase of 77% followed by Islamabad (69%), Kabul (68%), Korba (64%), Bardhaman (47%), and Lahore (40%). On the contrary, DG Khan has shown negative trend of −11%.

Eliminating Hepatitis B from Bangladesh by the Year 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Md Golam Mustafa ◽  
Md Shahinul Alam ◽  
Md Golam Azam ◽  
Md Mahabubul Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Government

Worldwide, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health problem. Bangladesh having a large burden of HBV infection, should be a major contributor towards it’s elimination by 2030. The country has been making progress in reducing incidence of HBV infection during the past decades. The progresses are mainly due to large vaccination coverage among children and large coverage of timely birthdose vaccine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. However, Bangladesh still faces challenges in achieving target of reduction in mortality from HBV. On the basis of targets of the WHO’s Global health sector strategy on viral hepatitis 2016–2021, we highlight priorities for action towards HBV elimination. To attain the target of reduced mortality we propose that, the service coverage targets of diagnosis and treatment should be prioritized along with vaccination. Firstly, improvements are needed in the diagnostic and treatment abilities of medical institutions and health workers. Secondly, the government needs to reduce the costs of health care. Thirdly, better coordination is needed across existing national program and resources to establish an integrated system for prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection. In this way, we can make progress towards achieving the target of eliminating HBV from Bangladesh by 2030 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2020; 38(3): 145-149

E-Projects Challenges in India – Role of Human Resource Management and Technology

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Ramnik Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Traditional Approaches

E-governance is a paradigm shift over the traditional approaches in Public Administration which means rendering of government services and information to the public by using electronic means. In the past decades, service quality and responsiveness of the government towards the citizens were least important but with the approach of E-Government the government activities are now well dealt. This paper withdraws experiences from various studies from different countries and projects facing similar challenges which need to be consigned for the successful implementation of e-governance projects. Developing countries like India face poverty and illiteracy as a major obstacle in any form of development which makes it difficult for its government to provide e-services to its people conveniently and fast. It also suggests few suggestions to cope up with the challenges faced while implementing e-projects in India.

Child care: implications for overweight / obesity in Canadian children?

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
L McLaren ◽  
M Zarrabi ◽  
DJ Dutton ◽  
MC Auld ◽  
JCH Emery
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Daycare Centre ◽  
Relative Care ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Sociodemographic Correlates ◽  
Using Data

Introduction Over recent decades, two prominent trends have been observed in Canada and elsewhere: increasing prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, and increasing participation of women (including mothers) in the paid labour force and resulting demand for child care options. While an association between child care and children's body mass index (BMI) is plausible and would have policy relevance, its existence and nature in Canada is not known. Methods Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, we examined exposure to three types of care at age 2/3 years (care by non-relative, care by relative, care in a daycare centre) in relation to change in BMI percentile (continuous and categorical) between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years, adjusting for health and sociodemographic correlates. Results Care by a non-relative was associated with an increase in BMI percentile between age 2/3 years and age 6/7 years for boys, and for girls from households of low income adequacy. Conclusion Considering the potential benefits of high-quality formal child care for an array of health and social outcomes and the potentially adverse effects of certain informal care options demonstrated in this study and others, our findings support calls for ongoing research on the implications of diverse child care experiences for an array of outcomes including those related to weight.

Motivations and attitudes toward domestic tourism in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Mourad Mansour ◽  
Alhassan G Mumuni
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Domestic Tourism ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Tourism Information ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Tourism Organization ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

AbstractBeginning with the establishment of a Supreme Commission for Tourism and Antiquities’ (SCTA) in 2000, there have been official attempts by the government of Saudi Arabia to encourage domestic tourism in order to tap into the huge amounts that Saudis spend annually on vacations. This paper examines the motivations and attitudes of consumers toward tourism destinations and activities within the country (domestic tourism). Using data collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire, the study finds that familiarity and trust of the local environment, perceptions of the safer domestic environment, and limitations imposed by respondents’ vacation timing are the primary motives for choosing to spend their vacations locally, while lack of quality domestic tourist sites and services (including entertainment facilities), lack of tourism information, insufficient tourism organization services, and the harsh local environmental conditions during summer are factors that ‘push’ people from spending the vacations locally. Attitudes toward domestic tourism are generally negative, although there are significant differences in attitudes between respondents who prefer domestic destinations and those who prefer to travel out of Kingdom. Implications of the findings are outlined and discussed.

Why do the national financial and monetary policies not boost the economy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1496-1521
Author(s):  
N.I. Kulikov ◽  
M.A. Kulikova ◽  
A.A.S.R. Mobio
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Government Contracts ◽  
Monetary Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Government

Subject. This article assesses the reasons why the economic policy of the Government and Central Bank of Russia does not cause the economic advance. The article tries to find out why the two strategic programmes adopted over the past ten years have not been implemented in most indicators. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the results of financial and monetary policies in Russia over the past ten years, and establish why the Russian economy has been growing within one percent yearly average all these years, and its share in the world economy has not grown, but got reduced even. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis and synthesis. Results. The article proposes certain measures and activities to move to soft financial and monetary policies of the State and corresponding changes in the structure of the Russian economy. This will help ensure six to seven percent GDP growth annually. Conclusions. High loan rates have become the main obstacle to GDP growth in Russia. It is necessary to accept concrete actions and decisions concerning the Bank of Russia key rate, expansion of the functions of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, industrial policy, support of consumer demand, long-term government contracts for the real sector enterprises, etc.

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