Artificial Intelligence and Race: a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Channarong Intahchomphoo ◽  
Odd Erik Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Legal Information ◽  
Unequal Opportunities ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Academic Search

AbstractThis paper examines peer-reviewed publications to learn about the relationships between artificial intelligence (AI) and the human race. For this systematic review, papers were collected from three academic databases: Scopus, Web of Science, and Academic Search Complete. From 1,222 papers reviewed, 36 papers were included. The findings indicate that there are four relationships between AI and race (i). AI causes unequal opportunities for people from certain racial groups, (ii). AI helps to detect racial discrimination, (iii). AI is applied to study health conditions of specific racial population groups, and (iv). AI is used to study demographics and facial images of people from different racial backgrounds. To widen the knowledge related to AI and race, all four finding categories in this review included supplementary studies as lessons learned for legal information management research. The authors, Channarong Intahchomphoo and Odd Erik Gundersen, use these findings to discuss how AI could impact libraries and how legal information management professionals might have to cope with the problem of biased AI.

scholarly journals Physiological markers and multimorbidity

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2235042X1880698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Dias Ferreira ◽  
José Augusto Simões ◽  
Chamara Senaratna ◽  
Sanghamitra Pati ◽  
Pierre Fernando Timm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Initial Focus

Background: Multimorbidity is the co-occurrence of two or more diseases in the same individual. One method to identify this condition at an early stage is the use of specific markers for various combinations of morbidities. Nonetheless, evidence related to physiological markers in multimorbidity is limited. Objective: The aim was to perform a systematic review to identify physiological markers associated with multimorbidity. Design: Articles available on PubMed, Register of Controlled Trials, Academic Search Premier, CINAHL, Scopus, SocINDEX, Web of Science, LILACS, and SciELO, from their inception to May 2018, were systematically searched and reviewed. The project was registered in PROSPERO under the number CRD42017055522. Results: The systematic search identified 922 papers. After evaluation, 18 articles were included in the full review reporting at least one physiological marker in coexisting diseases or which are strongly associated with the presence of multimorbidity in the future. Only five of these studies examined multimorbidity in general, identifying five physiological markers associated with multimorbidity, namely, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), lipoprotein (Lp), and cystatin C (Cyst-C). Conclusions: There is a paucity of studies related to physiological markers in multimorbidity. DHEAS, IL-6, CRP, Lp, and Cyst-C could be the initial focus for further investigation of physiological markers related to multimorbidity.

scholarly journals Physiological variables in energy expenditure estimation by actigraphy: a systematic review protocol

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Duarte Lucena ◽  
J. C. C. Guedes ◽  
Mario Augusto Pires Vaz ◽  
Luiz Bueno Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Academic Search

Background: Energy expenditure measurement based on movement quantity is showed as a relevant alternative in clinical and research contexts. The best recommended and validated methods are expensive and inconvenient to field measurement, limiting the use to the laboratory. Lately, several devices have been developed to identify and classify activities by body movements, showing acceptable outcomes. These devices and techniques have been used to estimate energy expenditure in many physical activities situations. However, for this, is necessary include physiological variables. Methods: We propose a systematic review to identify evidence of influence and relevancy of physiological variables in energy expenditure measurement by actigraphy. We will search for Academic Search Complete, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Pubmed, and Informaworld by Francis & Taylor databases. Discussion: The outcomes will be synthesized to identify variables used in energy expenditure calculation methods and analyze the error between measured and calculated values considering the influence of physiological variables on this.

scholarly journals Firefighters occupational exposure assessment: a systematic literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Teixeira ◽  
Isabel Dias ◽  
Joana Santos ◽  
Denisse Bustos ◽  
J.C. Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Human Species ◽  
English Only ◽  
New Variables ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Academic Search

Introduction: Over the years, the evolution of forest fires has occurred as a result of the evolution of the human species. However, forest fires are still a major challenge for society, placing firefighters with greater occupational exposure. The present study has as main objective to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the main techniques and variables for assessing the occupational exposure of firefighters, during the fight against forest fires.Methodology: The systematic review utilised The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statementmethodology. This methodology was applied in the Scopus, Web of Science, Pubmed and Academic Search Complete databases with different keywords. The review will include articles written in English only. Results: In the present study, 34 articles were included, in which it was found that exposure to smoking is the most studied variable, and it was in 2019 that a greater evolution of studies in this area of research was observed. Regarding the variables, the studies were organised in groups. Here it is possible to check the different variables selected by the authors and the methods and equipment applied.Discussion: The fact that firefighters carry out their tasks in diverse scenarios and extreme conditions has hindered the application of innovative equipment. It is necessary to combine different variables and equipment for the assessment of occupational exposure. However, it is not always possible to develop this type of equipment in order to be inserted from the user's perspective, from the perspective of the environment, where it will be applied, and from an economic perspective, making it difficult to effectively apply it in the field. Conclusion: As future perspectives, it is recommended that new variables are introduced together, in order to improve the assessment of occupational exposure, namely, through the use of carbon monoxide (CO) and lactate assessment.

scholarly journals Participatory approaches to empower girls and young women in physical education and sports contexts: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Reyes ◽  
◽  
Luis Miguel García López ◽  
María José Camacho-Miñano ◽  
Kimberly Linda Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Review Question ◽  
Women In Sports ◽  
Academic Search

Review question / Objective: The purpose of this work is to systematically review the existing scientific literature on the use of participatory research approaches for the empowerment of girls and young women in physical education and sport contexts. Condition being studied: The empowerment of girls and young women in sports-physical activity contexts by means of participatory approaches. Information sources: To carry out this systematic review, a bibliographic search was carried out in eight electronic databases (Academic Search Ultimate, ERIC, MedLine, PsycInfo, Scopus, Sociology Source Ultimate, Sport-Discus and Web of Science) between the months of April and May 2021.

Correlates of Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents with Visual Impairments: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (39) ◽  
pp. 5002-5011
Author(s):  
Qi D. Li ◽  
Xiao M. Kuang ◽  
Jing Qi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Academic Search

Background and Objective: The benefits of physical activity (PA) for children and adolescents with disabilities are well documented, and children and adolescents with visual impairments (VI) engage in less PA than their sighted peers. Two reviews have summarized studies on PA of children and adolescents with VI, but no systematic review with semi-quantitative assessment has been conducted to specifically identify the correlates of their PA. This review aims to systematically summarize the existing literature, which investigated the correlates of PA of children and adolescents with VI until 2019 and identify variables that contribute to their PA participation. Methods: A systematic search using Academic Search Premier (ASP), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Education Source (ES), PsycINFO, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection (PBSC), MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) was conducted in September 2019 to identify studies examining the correlates of PA in children and adolescents with VI aged 5 to 17 years. Two researchers independently screened studies, assessed their methodological quality and extracted relevant data. The correlates of PA among children and adolescents with VI were synthesized and further assessed semi-quantitatively. Results: A total of 17 articles identified correlates of PA in children and adolescents with VI. Out of 21 variables identified from the reviewed studies, 3 were consistently associated with PA of children and adolescents with VI. Body mass index (BMI)/obesity, percent of body fat, and visual impairment level were consistently and negatively associated with PA of children and adolescents with VI. Gender and age were identified as having inconsistent relationships with PA in children and adolescents with VI. The level of parental education was identified to have “no association” with children and adolescents with VI. Conclusions: This review can aid in developing effective interventions to improve the PA of children and adolescents with VI and propose directions for future research.

scholarly journals Generative Adversarial Networks–Enabled Human–Artificial Intelligence Collaborative Applications for Creative and Design Industries: A Systematic Review of Current Approaches and Trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowan T. Hughes ◽  
Liming Zhu ◽  
Tomasz Bednarz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Image Generation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Prisma Statement ◽  
Active Research

The future of work and workplace is very much in flux. A vast amount has been written about artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on work, with much of it focused on automation and its impact in terms of potential job losses. This review will address one area where AI is being added to creative and design practitioners’ toolbox to enhance their creativity, productivity, and design horizons. A designer’s primary purpose is to create, or generate, the most optimal artifact or prototype, given a set of constraints. We have seen AI encroaching into this space with the advent of generative networks and generative adversarial networks (GANs) in particular. This area has become one of the most active research fields in machine learning over the past number of years, and a number of these techniques, particularly those around plausible image generation, have garnered considerable media attention. We will look beyond automatic techniques and solutions and see how GANs are being incorporated into user pipelines for design practitioners. A systematic review of publications indexed on ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus, IEEExplore, and ACM DigitalLibrary was conducted from 2015 to 2020. Results are reported according to PRISMA statement. From 317 search results, 34 studies (including two snowball sampled) are reviewed, highlighting key trends in this area. The studies’ limitations are presented, particularly a lack of user studies and the prevalence of toy-examples or implementations that are unlikely to scale. Areas for future study are also identified.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence for Student Assessment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5467
Author(s):  
Víctor González-Calatayud ◽  
Paz Prendes-Espinosa ◽  
Rosabel Roig-Vila
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Formative Evaluation ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Student Assessment ◽  
Educational Assessment ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Prisma Statement

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being implemented in more and more fields, including education. The main uses of AI in education are related to tutoring and assessment. This paper analyzes the use of AI for student assessment based on a systematic review. For this purpose, a search was carried out in two databases: Scopus and Web of Science. A total of 454 papers were found and, after analyzing them according to the PRISMA Statement, a total of 22 papers were selected. It is clear from the studies analyzed that, in most of them, the pedagogy underlying the educational action is not reflected. Similarly, formative evaluation seems to be the main use of AI. Another of the main functionalities of AI in assessment is for the automatic grading of students. Several studies analyze the differences between the use of AI and its non-use. We discuss the results and conclude the need for teacher training and further research to understand the possibilities of AI in educational assessment, mainly in other educational levels than higher education. Moreover, it is necessary to increase the wealth of research which focuses on educational aspects more than technical development around AI.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence and journalism: Systematic review of scientific production in Web of Science and Scopus (2008-2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Luis-Mauricio Calvo-Rubio ◽  
María-José Ufarte-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Production ◽  
Data Application ◽  
Big Data Application ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Data Journalism ◽  
Number Of Publications

Research about the use of Artificial Intelligence applied to journalism has increased over the years. The studies conducted in this field between January 2008 and December 2019 were analysed to understand the contexts in which they have been developed and the challenges detected. The method used consisted of a systematic review of the scientific literature (SLR) of 209 scientific documents published in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The validation required the inclusion and exclusion criteria, database identification, search engines and evaluation and description of results. The findings indicate that the largest number of publications related to this topic are concentrated in the United States and that the rise of scientific production on Artificial Intelligence in journalism takes place in 2015, when the remarkable growth of these publications begins, until reaching 61 in 2019. It is concluded that research is mainly published in scientific journals, which include works that handle a broad variety of topics, such as information production, data journalism, big data, application in social networks or information checking. In relation to authorship, the trend is the presence of a single signer.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review About Use of TensorFlow for Image Classification and Word Embedding in the Brazilian Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Thereza Patricia Pereira Padilha ◽  
Lucas Estanislau Alves de Lucena
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Word Embedding ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Domain Type ◽  
Academic Search ◽  
Support Decision Making

A great deal of data are available on the Internet, and it is possible to extract any type of implicit knowledge using Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools to support decision making. The open-source TensorFlow framework, developed by the Google Brain Team in 2015, is, presently, the most used tool for several AI applications, such as image classification, word embedding, and chatbot development. This paper presents results of a systematic review of the use of the TensorFlow framework for image classification and word embedding applications written in Portuguese language and in the Brazilian context. We used Google Scholar as Academic Search Engine and 90 were retrieved initially. However, just 12 were remained for reading and obtaining of the main information. Title, publication year, used domain, type of application and covered scope were collected from papers retrieved to accelerate studies in the AI area and to disseminate the potential of this framework for emerging challenges.

scholarly journals Defining and Operationalizing Disaster Preparedness of Hospitals: A Systematic Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s77-s77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlous Verheul ◽  
Loek Leenen ◽  
Michel Dückers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Similar Elements

Introduction:Societies invest substantial amounts of resources on disaster preparedness of hospitals. However, the concept is not clearly defined or operationalized in the international literature.Aim:This study seeks to contribute to the alignment of knowledge of disaster preparedness in hospitals based on a systematic review and analysis of definitions and operationalizations.Methods:A systematic search was conducted in five databases: Scopus, Pubmed, Web of Science, Disaster Information Management Research Centre, and Safetylit. Peer-reviewed articles containing definitions and operationalizations of disaster preparedness in hospitals were included. Articles published in languages other than English, or without available full-text were excluded, as were articles on pre-hospital care.Results:Of the 39 included publications, 14 defined disaster preparedness in hospitals and 26 operationalized the concept. Although the definitions differed, they also reflected similar elements. Based on an analysis of the operationalizations, 12 different components could be identified that generally were not studied in relation to each other. Moreover, where publications primarily focused on structure and process aspects of disaster preparedness, 4 articles described the preferred outcome.Discussion:This review points at an absence of consensus on the definition and operationalization of disaster preparedness in hospitals. By combining the elements of the definitions and the components operationalized disaster preparedness could be conceptualized in a more comprehensive and complete way. A framework was developed that can guide future disaster preparedness research.

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