Evaluating a heat-tolerant wheat germplasm in a heat stress environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Sittichai Lordkaew ◽  
Narit Yimyam ◽  
Anupong Wongtamee ◽  
Sansanee Jamjod ◽  
Benjavan Rerkasem
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
On Farm

AbstractHeat stress, a regular risk to wheat in the subtropics, is a growing threat in other wheat producing regions as the global temperature rises. This paper reports on three experiments evaluating 49 entries of the 13th High Temperature Wheat Yield Trial (13HTWYT) from the International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement (distributed in 2014), with Fang 60 as the local check, at two locations at Chiang Mai, Thailand, a designated representative of the wheat mega-environment 5, in which temperature for the coolest month averages >17.5 °C and the crop is subjected to high temperature for the entire growing season. The wheat was grown in the lowland (elevation 330 m) at Chiang Mai University in (i) sand culture to simulate the condition of non-limiting nutrient and water supply and (ii) in the field and (iii) as an on-farm trial in the highlands (elevation 800 m) at Mae Wang district of Chiang Mai province. Heat tolerance in the wheat germplasm, recently developed for adaptation to high temperature, was indicated by longer pre-heading duration, and the positive correlation between days to heading and grain yield all three experiments. The longer time before heading enabled development of larger spikes that produced more seeds from more and larger spikelets and more competent florets. However, with the number of spikes that was either lower than or similar to Fang 60, none of the recently developed 13HTWYT entries out-yielded the local check from the 1970s.

scholarly journals Protein and Starch Content of 20 Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Exposed to High Temperature Under Late Sowing Conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hakim ◽  
A. Hossain ◽  
Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva ◽  
V. P. Zvolinsky ◽  
M. M. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Genotype E ◽  
Late Sowing ◽  
Percentage Protein

A total of 20 spring wheat genotypes were evaluated under three growing conditions (optimum, late and very late) at the research farm of the Wheat Research Center, Bangladesh to assess the variation in grain yield, protein and starch content under heat stress. All genotypes were significantly affected by high temperature stress in late and very late sowing conditions, resulting in a decrease in days to heading and maturity, ultimately affecting yield, protein and starch content. Considering yield performance, genotype ‘E-8’ was best under optimum (6245 kg ha-1), late (5220 kg ha-1) and very late sowing (4657 kg ha-1) conditions while ‘E-40’ was the worst. With respect to yield reduction, genotype ‘E-72’ was heat-tolerant (13% yield reduction) while ‘Prodip’ (49% yield reduction) was heat-susceptible. On the other hand, it was found that the percentage protein increased as heat stress increased. Under heat stress, genotype ‘E-65’ and ‘E-60’ had the highest and lowest protein content (15.5% and 12%), respectively. With respect to starch content, ‘Prodip’ and ‘E-37’ had the highest while ‘E-14’ and ‘E-72’ had the lowest content (64.8% vs. 62.9%), respectively in all sowing conditions. Keywords: Yield; Protein; Starch; Wheat. © 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.8679 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 477-489 (2012)

Indirect selection for grain yield in spring bread wheat in diverse nurseries worldwide using parameters locally determined in north-west Mexico

2011 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. GUTIERREZ ◽  
M. P. REYNOLDS ◽  
W. R. RAUN ◽  
M. L. STONE ◽  
A. R. KLATT
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Spring Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
North West ◽  
Yield Trial ◽  
West Mexico ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Yield Trials

SUMMARYThe relationships of normalized water index three (NWI-3) and canopy temperature (CT) with grain yield in north-west Mexico were determined in a set of wheat lines planted in multi-location yield trials. Advanced wheat lines developed by The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) were included and tested internationally in the trials including the 24th Elite Spring Wheat Yield Trial (ESWYT), the 11th Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Trial (SAWYT) and the 11th High Temperature Wheat Yield Trial (HTWYT). In north-west Mexico, NWI-3, CT and grain yield were determined in three growing seasons (2006, 2007 and 2008) and three environments (well irrigated, water-stressed and high-temperature), while grain yield was measured at international locations in the same advanced lines of the 24th ESWYT, the 11th SAWYT and the 11th HTWYT . The CIMMYT database was used to obtain grain yield from worldwide nurseries. The mean grain yield ranged from 0·8 to 12·7 t/ha for the 24th ESWYT (59 international sites), from 0·6 to 8·2 t/ha for the 11th SAWYT (28 international sites) and from 0·4 to 7·5 t/ha for the 11th HTWYT (26 international sites). NWI-3 and CT for the advanced lines in the three yield trials measured in north-west Mexico in distinct environments showed significant associations with the grain yield from a few international locations (0·12–0·23 of sites). Locations from Central Asia and North Africa had the best associations with NWI-3 and CT. The lack of more associations may be due to either an interaction of other factors (low rainfall and limited irrigations), which affected yield performance, or few of the advanced lines were well adapted to local growing conditions at each testing site, or a combination of these factors. The present results indicate that NWI-3 and CT have limited potential to predict yield performance at international sites.

scholarly journals A review on the effect of heat stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Preeti Karki ◽  
Enzy Subedi ◽  
Garima Acharya ◽  
Manisha Bashyal ◽  
Nistha Dawadee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Wheat Plant ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The World

Wheat is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It ranks first (in the world) and third (in Nepal) in terms of productivity and total cropped area. Worldwide, wheat provides nearly 55% of the carbohydrates and 20% of the food calories. The ideal temperature for its cultivation is about 15°-20°C. Among several abiotic factors, heat stress is one of the major factors affecting wheat production. Wheat is very sensitive to heat stress. Each degree rise in the temperature can decrease wheat yield by 6%. This review is written with an aim to reflect the influence of heat stress in the production of wheat and the mechanism of how loss in yield occurs. Some of the major findings of this research are : (a) Heat stress negatively effects germination, emergence, root growth, leaf, stem development and growth, tillering, grain yield and quality (b) A sharp decline in photosynthesis is evident when wheat plant is exposed to high temperature stress during vegetative or reproductive phase (c) With increases in temperature, rate of respiration is greater  than the rate of photosynthesis  which ultimately leads to carbon starvation (d) High temperature fastens the crop growth by making it to enter into jointing stage and reproductive stage earlier than normal resulting in decreased crop yield. The identification of such effects of heat stress in our crop helps us adopt several strategies or methods to mitigate the impacts on crop yields and improve tolerance to heat stress.

Comparison of Sudden Heat Stress With Gradual Exposure to High Temperature During Grain Filling in Two Wheat Varieties Differing in Heat Tolerance. I. Grain Growth

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 935 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Stone ◽  
ME Nicolas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Individual Kernel

Two wheat varieties differing in heat tolerance were exposed to four heat treatments in order to determine if a sudden rise from ca 20-40�C caused a greater reduction of individual kernel mass than a gradual (6�C h-1) rise over the same temperature range. For the heat sensitive variety (Oxley), the reduction of individual kernel mass following sudden heat stress (26%) was greater than that resulting from a gradual heat stress of equivalent thermal time (13%) or equal days of treatment (18%). By contrast, for the heat tolerant variety (Egret), the reduction of individual kernel mass following rapid exposure to heat stress (12%) was not significantly greater than that caused by a gradual treatment of equal days duration (10%). Nevertheless, for Egret, sudden heat stress significantly reduced mature kernel mass compared with high temperature treatment of equivalent thermal time (6%). We conclude that heat acclimation may help to mitigate wheat yield losses due to high temperature and that the ability to acclimate to high temperature varies between wheat genotypes. Comparison of wheat varieties for yield tolerance to high temperature should therefore occur under conditions that allow gradual acclimation to elevated temperature.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

scholarly journals Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) TaHMW1D Transcript Variants Are Highly Expressed in Response to Heat Stress and in Grains Located in Distal Part of the Spike

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 687
Author(s):  
Chan Seop Ko ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
Min Jeong Hong ◽  
Yong Weon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Transcript Variants

High-temperature stress during the grain filling stage has a deleterious effect on grain yield and end-use quality. Plants undergo various transcriptional events of protein complexity as defensive responses to various stressors. The “Keumgang” wheat cultivar was subjected to high-temperature stress for 6 and 10 days beginning 9 days after anthesis, then two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and peptide analyses were performed. Spots showing decreased contents in stressed plants were shown to have strong similarities with a high-molecular glutenin gene, TraesCS1D02G317301 (TaHMW1D). QRT-PCR results confirmed that TaHMW1D was expressed in its full form and in the form of four different transcript variants. These events always occurred between repetitive regions at specific deletion sites (5′-CAA (Glutamine) GG/TG (Glycine) or (Valine)-3′, 5′-GGG (Glycine) CAA (Glutamine) -3′) in an exonic region. Heat stress led to a significant increase in the expression of the transcript variants. This was most evident in the distal parts of the spike. Considering the importance of high-molecular weight glutenin subunits of seed storage proteins, stressed plants might choose shorter polypeptides while retaining glutenin function, thus maintaining the expression of glutenin motifs and conserved sites.

Pre-anthesis high-temperature acclimation alleviates damage to the flag leaf caused by post-anthesis heat stress in wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 168 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Jian Cai ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Tingbo Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Temperature Acclimation

Host choice, settling and folding leaf behaviors of the larval rice leaf folder under heat stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Bodlah ◽  
A.-X. Zhu ◽  
X.-D. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Host Choice ◽  
Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rice Leaf ◽  
Rice Leaf Folder ◽  
Extreme High Temperature ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

AbstractExtreme high-temperature events are the key factor to determine population dynamics of the rice leaf folder,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis(Guenée), in summer. Although we know that adult of this insect can migrate to avoid heat stress, the behavioral response of larva to high temperature is still unclear. Therefore, impacts of high temperature on behavioral traits ofC. medinalisincluding host choice, settling and folding leaf were observed. The results revealed that these behavioral traits were clearly influenced by high temperature. The larvae preferred maize leaves rather than rice and wheat at normal temperature of 27°C, but larvae experienced a higher temperature of 37 or 40°C for 4 h preferred rice leaves rather than maize and wheat. Capacity of young larvae to find host leaves or settle on the upper surface of leaves significantly reduced when they were treated by high temperature. High temperature of 40°C reduced the leaf-folding capacity of the third instar larvae, but no effects were observed on the fourth and fifth instar larvae. Short-term heat acclimation could not improve the capacity of the third instar larvae to make leaf fold under 40°C.

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