Families, Funerals and Facebook: Reimag(in)ing and ‘Curating’ Toraja Kin in Trans-local Times

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Times ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Familial Relationships ◽  
Familial Bonds ◽  
Non Local ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Anthropological Literature

AbstractThe Sa'dan Toraja of upland Sulawesi, Indonesia have long been celebrated in the anthropological literature for their elaborate procession-filled mortuary rituals, which draw vast networks of kith and kin to mourn, memorialise, and reaffirm familial bonds and obligations. Whether residing in the homeland or abroad, most Torajans underscore funeral rites as the most vital expression of Toraja familial and cultural identity. Although some estimates suggest that more Torajans now reside off-island and overseas than remain in the homeland, extended familial funerals in the homeland continue to have a centripetal physical, economic and emotional pull. While various scholars have documented the ways in which remittances from Toraja migrants or the presence of international tourists have transformed Toraja funerals in recent decades, this article focusses on the role of social media in navigating global familial relationships and rituals. Indonesia has the largest number of Facebook subscribers in the world, and this study offers the first exploration of the ways in which Facebook interweaves far-flung familial relationships. This study also examines house-society orientations in the Toraja highlands and addresses the use of Facebook by Torajans in the homeland to cultivate continued allegiances to ancestral houses (around which extended Toraja families are oriented). Finally, this article also examines a large-scale 2012 Toraja funeral in order to spotlight the contours of the Toraja family in the current era of neoliberalism and cyber-technologies. The article offers insights into the ways in which various Torajans navigate social media and non-local corporations to image, reimagine and negotiate familial identities for various audiences (local, national and transnational).

Physical Distancing and Social Media Use in Emerging and Older Adults During COVID-19: Large Scale Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Survey Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thabo J van Woudenberg ◽  
Roy Hendrikx ◽  
Moniek Buijzen ◽  
Julia CM van Weert ◽  
Bas van den Putte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
Social Media Platforms

BACKGROUND Although emerging adults play a role in the spread of COVID-19, they are less likely to develop severe symptoms after infection. Emerging adults’ relatively high use of social media as source of information raises concerns regarding COVID-19 related behavioral compliance (i.e., physical distancing) in this age group. OBJECTIVE Therefore, the current study investigated physical distancing in emerging adults in comparison to older adults and looked at the role of using social media for COVID-19 news and information in this regard. In addition, this study explored the relation between physical distancing and different social media platforms and sources. METHODS Secondary data of a large-scale national longitudinal survey (N = 123,848, 34.% male) between April and November 2020 were used. Participants indicated, ranging for one to eight waves, how often they were successful in keeping 1.5 meters distance on a 7-point Likert scale. Participants between 18 and 24 years old were considered young adults and older participants were identified as older adults. Also, a dummy variable was created to indicate per wave whether participants used social media for COVID-19 news and information. A subset received follow-up questions asking participants to indicate which platforms they have used and what sources of news and information they had seen on social media. All preregistered hypotheses were tested with Linear Mixed-Effects Models and Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models. RESULTS Emerging adults reported less physical distancing behaviors than older adults (b = -.08, t(86213.83) = -26.79, p < .001). Also, emerging adults were more likely to use social media for COVID-19 news and information (b = 2.48, SE = .11, Wald = 23.66, p = <.001), which mediated the association with physical distancing, but only to a small extend (indirect effect: b = -0.03, 95% CI = [-0.04; -0.02]). Opposed to our hypothesis, the longitudinal Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model showed no evidence that physical distancing was predicted by social media use of the previous wave. However, we did find evidence that using social media affected subsequent physical distancing behavior. Moreover, additional analyses showed that most social media platforms (i.e., YouTube, Facebook and Instagram) and interpersonal communication showed negative associations with physical distancing while others platforms (i.e. LinkedIn and Twitter) and Governmental messages showed no to a slightly positive associations with physical distancing. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we should be vigilant for physical distancing of emerging adults, but this study give no reason the to worry about the role of social media for COVID-19 news and information. However, as some social media platforms and sources showed negative associations, future studies should more carefully look into these factors to better understand the associations between social media use for news and information, and behavioral interventions in times of crisis.

The Role of Social Media in Event Marketing

2021 ◽  
pp. 262-281
Author(s):  
Serap Serin Karacaer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Marketing ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Event Marketing ◽  
Effective Current ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Effective Transfer

Activities, which include events that are not all intangible, include large-scale service components, and hence, their marketing includes service marketing. From this point of view, it is possible to state that it is very difficult to market activities that the participants cannot take home and consume physically. In this context, it is very important that the event marketing activities convey the feeling to the target audience that they will have fun and be entertained. Therefore, social media is one of the most important tools used in the effective transfer of the organization to the target audience within the scope of event marketing activities. As the most effective current communication and interaction tool, social media has become the most important tool for event marketers who are trying to appeal to large audiences and promote a certain destination, product, or service.

scholarly journals Motivation and challenge to capture both large-scale and local transport in next generation accretion theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric G. Blackman ◽  
Farrukh Nauman
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mean Field Theory ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Dynamo Theory ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Local Transport

Accretion disc theory is less developed than stellar evolution theory although a similarly mature phenomenological picture is ultimately desired. While the interplay of theory and numerical simulations has amplified community awareness of the role of magnetic fields in angular momentum transport, there remains a long term challenge to incorporate the insights gained from simulations into improving practical models for comparison with observations. What has been learned from simulations that can lead to improvements beyond SS73 in practical models? Here, we emphasize the need to incorporate the role of non-local transport more precisely. To show where large-scale transport would fit into the theoretical framework and how it is currently missing, we review why the wonderfully practical approach of Shakura & Sunyaev (Astron. Astrophys., vol. 24, 1973, pp. 337–355, SS73) is necessarily a mean field theory, and one which does not include large-scale transport. Observations of coronae and jets, combined with the interpretation of results from shearing box simulations, of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) suggest that a significant fraction of disc transport is indeed non-local. We show that the Maxwell stresses in saturation are dominated by large-scale contributions and that the physics of MRI transport is not fully captured by a viscosity. We also clarify the standard physical interpretation of the MRI as it applies to shearing boxes. Computational limitations have so far focused most attention toward local simulations, but the next generation of global simulations should help to inform improved mean field theories. Mean field accretion theory and mean field dynamo theory should in fact be unified into a single theory that predicts the time evolution of spectra and luminosity from separate disc, corona and outflow contributions. Finally, we note that any mean field theory, including that of SS73, has a finite predictive precision that needs to be quantified when comparing the predictions to observations.

Role of Social Media and Emotion in South Korea’s Presidential Impeachment Protests

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950002 ◽  
Author(s):  
HEE MIN ◽  
SEONGYI YUN
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
Collective Actions

Previous studies have shown that social media is effective in large-scale mobilization, facilitating leaderless and more flexible forms of resistance. However, some scholars argue that this type of mobilization suffers from a lack of organizational form and collective identity. This paper shows that social media-centered networks can in fact promote collective actions powerful enough to challenge a corrupt president. We also prove the role of emotions in collective actions. Using an empirical analysis of the 2016 Presidential Impeachment Protests surrounding “Choi Soon-sil Gate,” we first demonstrate the effects of social media activities on participation in collective actions. Next, we explore the effects of anger on social media activities and participation. In short, this study reveals a new angle on social media’s influence in mobilizing collective actions by analyzing the effect of emotions on participation. In this process, social media activities are escalated by emotional outbreaks, and participation then increases throughout a given collective action.

scholarly journals A DIVISION OF LABOR: THE ROLE OF BIG DATA ANALYSIS IN THE REPERTOIRE OF INTERNET RESEARCH METHODS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmus Helles ◽  
Jacob Ørmen ◽  
Klaus Bruhn Jensen ◽  
Signe Sophus Lai ◽  
Ericka Menchen-Trevino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Internet Research ◽  
Internet Research Methods

In recent years, large-scale analysis of log data from digital devices - often termed ""big data analysis"" (Lazer, Kennedy, King, & Vespignani, 2014) - have taken hold in the field of internet research. Through Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) and commercial measurement, scholars have been able to analyze social media users (Freelon 2014) and web audiences (Taneja, 2016) on an uprecedented scale. And by developing digital research tools, scholars have been able to track individuals across websites (Menchen-Trevino, 2013) and mobile applications (Ørmen & Thorhauge 2015) in greater detail than ever before. Big data analysis holds unique potential for studying communication in depth and across many individuals (see e.g. Boase & Ling, 2013; Prior, 2013). At the same time, this approach introduces new methodological challenges in the transparency of data collection (Webster, 2014), sampling of participants and validity of conclusions (Rieder, Abdulla, Poell, Woltering, & Zack, 2015). Firstly, data aggregation is typically designed for commercial rather than academic purposes. The type of data included as well as how it is presented depend in large part on the business interests of measurement and advertisement companies (Webster, 2014). Secondly, when relying on this kind of secondary data it can be difficult to validate the output or techniques used to generate the data (Rieder, Abdulla, Poell, Woltering, & Zack, 2015). Thirdly, often the unit of analysis is media-centric, taking specific websites or social network pages as the empirical basis instead of individual users (Taneja, 2016). This makes it hard to untangle the behavior of real-world users from the aggregate trends. Lastly, variations in what users do might be so large that it is necessary to move from the aggregate to smaller groups of users to make meaningful inferences (Welles, 2014). Internet research is thus faced with a new research approach in big data analysis with potentials and perils that need to be discussed in combination with traditional approaches. This panel explores the role of big data analysis in relation to the wider repertoire of methods in internet research. The panel comprises four presentations that each sheds light on the complementarity of big data analysis with more traditional qualitative and quantitative methods. The first presentation opens the discussion with an overview of strategies for combining digital traces and commercial audience data with qualitative interviews and quantitative survey methods. The next presentation explores the potential of trace data to improve upon the experimental method. Researcher-collected data enables scholars to operate in a real-world setting, in contrast to a research lab, while obtaining informed consent from participants. The third presentation argues that large-scale audience data provide a unique perspective on internet use. By integrating census-level information about users with detailed traces of their behavior across websites, commercial audience data combines the strength of surveys and digital trace data respectively. Lastly, the fourth presentation shows how multi-institutional collaboration makes it possible do document social media activity (on Twitter) for a whole country (Australia) in a comprehensive manner. A feat not possible through other methods on a similar scale. Through these four presentations, the panel aims to situate big data analysis in the broader repertoire of internet research methods. 

Believing and sharing misinformation, fact-checks, and accurate information on social media: The role of anxiety during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110114
Author(s):  
Isabelle Freiling ◽  
Nicole M Krause ◽  
Dietram A Scheufele ◽  
Dominique Brossard
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Motivated Reasoning ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Driving Factor ◽  
Fox News ◽  
News Outlet ◽  
High Uncertainty

The COVID-19 pandemic went hand in hand with what some have called a “(mis)infodemic” about the virus on social media. Drawing on partisan motivated reasoning and partisan selective sharing, this study examines the influence of political viewpoints, anxiety, and the interactions of the two on believing and willingness to share false, corrective, and accurate claims about COVID-19 on social media. A large-scale 2 (emotion: anxiety vs relaxation) × 2 (slant of news outlet: MSNBC vs Fox News) experimental design with 719 US participants shows that anxiety is a driving factor in belief in and willingness to share claims of any type. Especially for Republicans, a state of heightened anxiety leads them to believe and share more claims. Our findings expand research on partisan motivated reasoning and selective sharing in online settings, and enhance the understanding of how anxiety shapes individuals’ processing of risk-related claims in issue contexts with high uncertainty.

Impact and Role of Social Media in Tourism Sector

2017 ◽  
pp. 337-350
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kait
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

In the recent era social media is growing tremendously in right direction to develop the tourism and hospitality sector. Obviously, this technology enables the versatile people to think about it and more researchers have inclined to undertake studies in the area of tourism and hospitality industry. The role of social media to the tourism products/services has proved to be a good strategic technique not only to improve the quality of the business but also cost control to the industry at large scale. Thus, this chapter aims to analyse the use of social media and its impact in tourism industry.

scholarly journals From “Nasa Lies” to “Reptilian Eyes”: Mapping Communication About 10 Conspiracy Theories, Their Communities, and Main Propagators on Twitter

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110174
Author(s):  
Daniela Mahl ◽  
Jing Zeng ◽  
Mike S. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
User Profiles ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Media Companies ◽  
Large Scale Network ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Scale Network

In recent years, conspiracy theories have pervaded mainstream discourse. Social media, in particular, reinforce their visibility and propagation. However, most prior studies on the dissemination of conspiracy theories in digital environments have focused on individual cases or conspiracy theories as a generic phenomenon. Our research addresses this gap by comparing the 10 most prominent conspiracy theories on Twitter, the communities supporting them, and their main propagators. Drawing on a dataset of 106,807 tweets published over 6 weeks from 2018 to 2019, we combine large-scale network analysis and in-depth qualitative analysis of user profiles. Our findings illustrate which conspiracy theories are prevalent on Twitter, and how different conspiracy theories are separated or interconnected within communities. In addition, our study provides empirical support for previous assertions that extremist accounts are being “deplatformed” by leading social media companies. We also discuss how the implications of these findings elucidate the role of societal and political contexts in propagating conspiracy theories on social media.

scholarly journals Genomic contacts reveal the control of sister chromosome decatenation in E. coli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenna Conin ◽  
Ingrid Billault-Chaumartin ◽  
Hafez El Sayyed ◽  
Charlotte Cockram ◽  
Romain Koszul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Conformation Changes ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Sister Chromosome ◽  
In Trans

In bacteria, chromosome segregation occurs progressively, from the origin to the terminus, a few minutes after the replication of each locus. In-between replication and segregation, sister loci are maintained in an apparent cohesive state by topological links. Whereas topoisomerase IV (Topo IV), the main bacteria decatenase, controls segregation, little is known regarding the influence of the cohesion step on chromosome folding. In this work, we investigated chromosome folding in cells with altered decatenation activities. Within minutes after Topo IV inactivation, a massive chromosome reorganization takes place, associated with increases in trans-contacts between catenated sister chromatids and in long-range cis-contacts between the terminus and distant loci on the genome. A genetic analysis of these signals allowed us to decipher specific roles for Topo IV and Topo III, an accessory decatenase. Moreover we revealed the role of MatP, the terminus macrodomain organizing system and MukB, the E. coli SMC in organizing sister chromatids tied by persistent catenation links . We propose that large-scale conformation changes observed in these conditions reveal a defective decatenation hub located in the terminus area. Altogether, our findings support a model of spatial and temporal partition of the tasks required for sister chromosome segregation.

scholarly journals Use of e-Health by Healthcare Professionals vs. non-Healthcare Professionals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Wynn ◽  
Sunday O. Oyeyemi ◽  
Luis Marco-Ruiz ◽  
Andrius Budrionis ◽  
Kassaye Yitbarek Yigzaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Scale Population

The role of e-health is increasing worldwide. We surveyed the use of e-health in a large-scale population-based study, involving a representative sample of the Norwegian population aged above 40 years. Two-thirds of the health professionals had used search engines, apps, social media or video services for health purposes – while this was the case for approximately half of the non-health professionals.

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