Effect of Garlic Oil on the Levels of Various Enzymes in the Serum and Tissue of Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. C. Ohaeri
Keyword(s):  
Serum Amylase ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats ◽  
Aspartate Transferase

Levels of red cell, serum acid, and alkaline phosphatases, serum amylase, alanine and aspartate transferase and bilirubin were examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with garlic oil and compared with the corresponding levels in diabetic control rats, normal rats and normal rats on garlic oil. Values of tissue amylase and total protein were also assessed from the pancreas, liver, and kidney. Treatment of diabetic rats with garlic oil significantly decreased the red cell phosphatase (p<0.01), serum acid and alkaline phosphatase (p<0.001) when compared to diabetic control rats. Serum alanine and asparate transferases were significantly (p<0.001) decreased as well as serum amylase (p<0.002) in garlic oil treated diabetic rats as compared with diabetic control rats. When treated with garlic oil, however, diabetic and normal rats showed significant increase (p<0.05) in the amylase levels of the pancrease, liver, and kidney.

Anticoagulant Modulation of Blood Cells and Platelet Reactivity by Garlic Oil in Experimental Diabetes Mellitus

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.C. Ohaeri ◽  
G. I. Adoga
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Experimental Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Multiple Blood ◽  
Concentration Factors

Multiple blood cell types and metabolic pathways involved in the modulation of platelet reactivity were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with garlic oil. Platelet counts of diabetic rats treated with garlic oil were significantly (P<0.01) reduced as compared to diabetic control rats. Garlic oil also increased the leucocyte counts of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control rats. The significant (P<0.001) decreases by garlic oil of plasma concentration factors, V, VII, VIII: C, IX and X in diabetic rats may be interpreted to mean that there was a modulation of factor VII similar to that brought about by thrombin on factors V and VIII: C. This reversal of hypercoagulation through integrated biochemical reaction is suggestive of multicellular modulation of platelet reactivity, erythrocytes and neutrophils and the functional interactions between plasma coagulation factors and platelet cofactors.

Altered response in renal blood flow and oxygen tension to contrast media in diabetic rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Palm ◽  
P.-O. Carlsson ◽  
P. Hansell ◽  
O. Hellberg ◽  
A. Nygren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Medullary Blood Flow ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats ◽  
Altered Response

Purpose: To investigate the effect of the contrast medium (CM) iopromide on renal microcirculation and oxygen tension in non-diabetic control and streptozotocin-diabetic Wistar Furth rats. Materials and Methods: Oxygen tension was measured with Clark-type microelectrodes and blood flow with laser-Doppler flow probes. In order to differentiate between an acutely increased blood glucose concentration and a long-term diabetic state, some of the non-diabetic control rats were intravenously infused with glucose. Results: CM decreased the medullary oxygen tension in control (non-diabetic normoglycemic) rats (∼35%) but not in diabetic rats. Medullary blood flow in control rats increased after CM administration and remained elevated, while it was unchanged in the diabetic rats. In response to CM, glucose-infused control rats responded similarly to control animals in medullary oxygen tension, but similarly to diabetic rats in medullary blood flow. Contrary to in control rats, medullary oxygen tension was unchanged in diabetic animals after CM administration. Conclusion: Streptozotocin-diabetic rats have an altered response to intravenous injection of the CM iopromide compared to non-diabetic rats. The unaltered medullary oxygen tension, seen in the diabetic group after injection of CM, suggests that non-hemodynamic mechanisms are responsible for the increased frequency of renal failure commonly seen among diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Efficiency of a formulated condiment (duqqa) in mitigation of diabetes and its complications induced by streptozotocin-nicotinamide in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Rasha S. Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes ◽  
Date Seeds Powder ◽  
Kidney Functions

Introduction: Duqqa is a condiment, consisting of black pepper, cumin, sesame, coriander and high amount of salt. Reducing salt and adding other beneficial items to traditional duqqa can make it suitable dietary supplement for diabetes management. The current study aimed to assess the effect of a modified duqqa on diabetes and its complications in diabetic rats. Methods: The modified duqqa was formulated by mixing grounded fermented wheat, sesame, coriander, cumin, chicory leaves, cinnamon, turmeric and date seeds powder and studied in diabetic rats which were developed by streptozotocin-nicotinamide injection. Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups (n = 8) including non-diabetic, diabetic control and the other two groups fed on balanced diet supplemented with either 10 or 20% of duqqa prior the induction of diabetes (for one week) to the end of the experiment (8 weeks). Results: The dietary supplementation with 10 and 20% of the formulated duqqa prior the induction of diabetes did not delay the onset of diabetes in rats but produced reduction (32.56% and 50.47%, respectively) in the glucose levels of diabetic rats. Also, diabetic rats fed on the formulated duqqa showed insulin concentrations higher than that of diabetic control rats. Feeding diabetic rats on the formulated duqqa reversed the elevation of kidney lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide, limited the disturbance in the lipid profile as well as liver and kidney functions and elevated both serum and femur magnesium concentrations. Conclusion: The results indicated the hypoglycemic effect of the formulated duqqa and its efficiency in delaying diabetes complications.

scholarly journals Effects of Brown Seaweed (Sargassum polycystum) Extracts on Kidney, Liver, and Pancreas of Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Motshakeri ◽  
Mahdi Ebrahimi ◽  
Yong Meng Goh ◽  
Hemn Hassan Othman ◽  
Mohd Hair-Bejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Edible Seaweed ◽  
Sargassum Polycystum ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The edible seaweedSargassum polycystum(SP) is traditionally used against several human diseases. This investigation evaluated the effects of two dietary doses of SP ethanolic and aqueous extracts on the pancreatic, hepatic, and renal morphology of type 2 diabetic rats (T2DM). T2DM was induced by feeding rats on high calorie diet followed by a low dose streptozotocin. Changes in the diabetic rat organs in SP treated groups with different doses of extracts were compared with normal rats, diabetic control rats, and metformin treated rats. After 22 days of treatment, the pathological lesions of the livers and kidneys in the diabetic rats were quantitatively and qualitatively alleviated (P<0.05) by both the SP extracts at 150 mg/kg body weight and by metformin. All the treated diabetic groups revealed marked improvement in the histopathology of the pancreas compared with the control diabetic group. Oral administration of 300 mg/kg body weight of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of SP and metformin revealed pancreas protective or restorative effects. The seaweed extracts at 150 mg/kg body weight reduced the liver and kidney damages in the diabetic rats and may exert tissue repair or restoration of the pancreatic islets in experimentally induced diabetes to produce the beneficial homeostatic effects.

scholarly journals Streptozotocin-induced diabetes lowers retinol-binding protein and transthyretin concentrations in rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Tuitoek ◽  
S. J. Rittere ◽  
J. E. Smitha ◽  
T. K. Basu
Keyword(s):  
Binding Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Total Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Altered Metabolism

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) in the plasma, liver and kidney, retinol in plasma, and total vitamin A in the liver were measured in rats 6 weeks after diabetes mellitus had been induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats gained 83% less weight despite consuming 45% more feed than the non-diabetic controls. Plasma and kidney concentrations of RBP and TTR were significantly lower in diabetic than in the non-diabetic control rats. Unlike the retinol carrier proteins, plasma albumin concentrations remained unaffected. Plasma concentrations of retino1 were decreased while its hepatic levels increased in the diabeticanimals. The depressed circulatory levels of retinol may reflect an altered metabolism of its transport proteins

scholarly journals Liver X Receptor Agonist TO901317 Prevents Diacylglycerols Accumulation in the Heart of Streptozotocin-Diabetic Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 350-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Harasiuk ◽  
Marcin Baranowski ◽  
Piotr Zabielski ◽  
Adrian Chabowski ◽  
Jan Górski
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Heart ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

Background/Aims: Liver X receptors (LXRα and LXRβ) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. LXR expression has been identified in the heart, and enhanced LXR activity in the streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic myocardium was reported recently. The aim of this study was to investigate effect of in vivo LXR activation on myocardial lipid metabolism under conditions of STZ-induced diabetes. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups: non-diabetic control, treated with STZ, and treated with STZ and LXR agonist - TO901317. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitonal injection of STZ at a dose of 55 mg/kg. LXR agonist was administrated once daily in the morning by an oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg/d during the last week of the experiment. After anesthesia samples of blood and the left ventricle were taken. Results: TO901317 administration increased expression of both LXR isoforms and its target genes: sterol response element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase 1 (ACC1) in the heart of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Treatment with LXR agonist had no effect on plasma lipids and glucose in the diabetic rats. Concomitantly, content of the examined lipid classes in the diabetic heart (nonesterified fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, cholesterol esters, ceramide) was unchanged after treatment with TO901317. On the contrary, myocardial level of cholesterol and diacylglycerols (DAG) was decreased after LXR activation in diabetic rats, the change in DAG level was associated with downregulated expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Conclusion: Activation of LXRs by TO901317 protects cardiomyocytes against DAG accumulation and thus may reverse disturbances in lipid metabolism observed in streptozotocin-diabetic heart.

scholarly journals Protective Nature of Mangiferin on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Tissues of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Periyar Selvam Sellamuthu ◽  
Palanisamy Arulselvan ◽  
Subban Kamalraj ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
Murugesan Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Complications ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Normal Architecture

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of diabetes complications. The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effect of oral administration of mangiferin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats by measuring the oxidative indicators in liver and kidney as well as the ameliorative properties. Administration of mangiferin to diabetic rats significantly decreased blood glucose and increased plasma insulin levels. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and level of reduced glutathione (GSH) were significantly (P<0.05) decreased while increases in the levels of lipidperoxidation (LPO) markers were observed in liver and kidney tissues of diabetic control rats as compared to normal control rats. Oral treatment with mangiferin (40 mg/kg b.wt/day) for a period of 30 days showed significant ameliorative effects on all the biochemical and oxidative parameters studied. Diabetic rats treated with mangiferin restored almost normal architecture of liver and kidney tissues, which was confirmed by histopathological examination. These results indicated that mangiferin has potential ameliorative effects in addition to its antidiabetic effect in experimentally induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals The Effects of Urtica dioica and Lamium album Extracts on the Expression Level of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Caspase-3 in the Liver and Kidney of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korosh Khanaki ◽  
Mahmood Abedinzade ◽  
Masoud Hamidi
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Lamium Album

Background: Diabetes seems to be associated with increased inflammation and induced apoptosis in several tissues. Urtica dioica and Lamium album have shown to possess a variety of beneficial properties like anti-inflammatory effects. In this experimental study, we tried to evaluate the effects of U. dioica and L. album extracts on the expression level of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2; as an inflammation marker) and caspase-3 (CASP-3; as an apoptotic marker) in the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to four groups: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with U. dioica (100 mg/kg/daily), and diabetic treated with L. album (100 mg/kg/daily) for 28 days. At the end of the study, liver and kidney tissues were harvested and mRNA expression level of COX-2 and CASP-3 was determined by real-time PCR technique. Also, serum glucose was measured. Results: Liver COX-2 mRNA in diabetic rats was significantly higher than normal control rats (P=0.02). However, U. dioica and L. album caused significant decrease in mRNA expression of liver COX-2 in diabetic rats (P=0.015 and P=0.03, respectively). Also, in diabetic rats treated with both extracts, serum glucose was remarkably lower than diabetic control rats (P<0.0001 and P<0.01, respectively). Conclusion: It appears that U. dioica and L. album might decrease liver damage by decreasing the inflammatory effects of COX-2 in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats. Since these plant extracts may influence diabetes by several mechanisms, further research in this field is warranted.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Activity of Aerial Parts and Seeds of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) on Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
E. G. El- Dreny
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Biological Experiment ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Liver And Kidney

This study has been proposed to study the effect of aerial parts and seeds of purslane on diabetic rats. Chemical composition, phenolic compounds and fatty acids of purslane and seeds powder were determined. A biological experiment was performed using 30 male albino rats. The rats were divided into six groups (five in group) and the duration of experiment was 8 weeks. Normal control (G1) non- diabetic rats fed on the basal diet, diabetic control (G2) diabetic rats fed on the basal diet only, the other groups of diabetic rats fed on basal diet supplemented with purslane (5 and 10%) and  seeds (5 and 10%). The results of biological experiment indicated that adding of purslane and seeds to basal diet for diabetic rats, led to improvement in liver and kidney functions and an increase in body weight and HDL cholesterol and decrease blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL cholesterol, v-LDL cholesterol comparing to those of diabetic rats fed on basal diet only diabetic control. Purslane (5 and 10%) and seeds (5 and 10%) were added to burger as a replacement of fat. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that all sensory properties of the burger prepared with purslane and seeds were acceptable. Through the results of this study, we recommend the possibility of using purslane and seeds to prevent and reduce the symptoms caused by diabetes.

scholarly journals Hypoglycaemic activity of Coccinia indica and Momordica charantia in diabetic rats: depression of the hepatic gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and elevation of both liver and red-cell shunt enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

1993 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
B A Shibib ◽  
L A Khan ◽  
R Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Gluconeogenic Enzymes ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats ◽  
Coccinia Indica ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Coccinia indica leaves were extracted with 60% ethanol, solvents were evaporated and the residue was suspended in water. This suspension was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body wt. after 18 h of fasting to normal fed and streptozotocin-induced male diabetic rats (180-250 g). After 90 min the rats were killed, and blood-glucose, hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and red-cell G6PDH were assayed. Blood sugar was depressed by 23% (P < 0.01) and 27% (P < 0.001) in the normal fed and streptozotocin-diabetic rats respectively compared with controls which were given distilled water. Hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities were depressed by 32% (P < 0.001) 30% (P < 0.05) respectively in the streptozotocin-diabetic rats, compared with 19% (P < 0.02) and 20% (P < 0.01) depression in the normal fed controls, whereas both the red-cell and hepatic G6PDH activities were found to be elevated by feeding the extract in the streptozotocin-diabetic and in the normal fed controls. Similar results were obtained with the 95%-ethanolic extract of Momordica charantia. Taken together, these results indicate that Coccinia indica and Momordica charantia extracts lowered blood glucose by depressing its synthesis, on the one hand through depression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and on the other by enhancing glucose oxidation by the shunt pathway through activation of its principal enzyme G6PDH.

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