On Quantum-Like Probabilistic Structure of Mental Information

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 267-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Khrennikov
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
Wave Function ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
State Spaces ◽  
Probabilistic Structure ◽  
Incompatible Observables ◽  
Interference Of Probabilities

We describe methodology of cognitive experiments (based on interference of probabilities for mental observables) which could verify quantum-like structure of mental information, namely, interference of probabilities for incompatible observables. In principle, such experiments can be performed in psychology, cognitive, and social sciences. In fact, the general contextual probability theory predicts not only quantum-like trigonometric (cos θ) interference of probabilities, but also hyperbolic (cosh θ) interference of probabilities (as well as hyper-trigonometric). In principle, statistical data obtained in experiments with cognitive systems can produce hyperbolic (cosh θ) interference of probabilities. We introduce a wave function of (e.g., human) population. In general, we should not reject the possibility that cognitive functioning is neither quantum nor classical. We discuss the structure of state spaces for cognitive systems.

Statistical Inference in Economics in the 1920s and 1930s

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Jeff Biddle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Statistical Inference ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
The Us

Statistical inference is the process of drawing conclusions from samples of statistical data about things not fully described or recorded in those samples. During the 1920s, economists in the United States articulated a general approach to statistical inference that downplayed the value of the inferential measures derived from probability theory that later came to be central to the idea of statistical inference in economics. This approach is illustrated by the practices of economists of the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the US Department of Agriculture, who regularly analyzed statistical samples to forecast supplies of various agricultural products. Forecasting represents an interesting case for studying the development of inferential methods, as analysts receive regular feedback on the effectiveness of their inferences when forecasts are compared with actual events.

The Oxford Handbook of Probability and Philosophy

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Probability Theory ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Philosophy Of Religion ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
The State ◽  
Science Ethics ◽  
Probabilistic Judgment ◽  
Standard Probability

Probability theory is a key tool of the physical, mathematical, and social sciences. It has also been playing an increasingly significant role in philosophy: in epistemology, philosophy of science, ethics, social philosophy, philosophy of religion, and elsewhere. This Handbook encapsulates and furthers the influence of philosophy on probability, and of probability on philosophy. Nearly forty articles summarize the state of play and present new insights in various areas of research at the intersection of these two fields. The volume begins with a primer on those parts of probability theory that we believe are most important for philosophers to know, and the rest is divided into seven main sections: history; formalism; alternatives to standard probability theory; interpretations and interpretive issues; probabilistic judgment and its applications; applications of probability: science; and applications of probability: philosophy.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING SPECIAL VESSEL HOUR SCHEMES OF CARGO HANDLING ON RIVER VESSELS

2017 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Andrey Olegovich Nichiporouk
Keyword(s):  
Probability Theory ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Mean Square Deviation ◽  
Cargo Handling ◽  
River Transport ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Reporting Data

The article offers the technique of developing progressive ship-hour norms of loading procedures on river transport based on methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics. The technique includes the algorithm that consists of sequentially implemented stages: the study of technical characteristics and technological operations on the mooring where cargo handling is taking place; obtaining the actual reporting data about time expenses when loading (unloading) with preliminary division of operations to technological or unproductive ones; processing statistical data on time, isolating technological operations and leaving out unproductive ones; calculating a statistical row of actual productivity determining boundaries of distribution, mean value and a root-mean-square deviation of productivity of loading (unloading); processing a statistical row and its approximation for receiving theoretical distribution, checking convergence of statistical and theoretical distributions; developing a specific norm taking into account progressiveness; determination of economic efficiency of the offered norms; working out proposals on implementing norms. The authors consider establishing a ship-hour norm based on the obtained average productivity of cargo handling operations or, taking into account progressiveness, with increase at value of a mean squared deviation. Efficiency of implementing new ship-hour norms is defined for the port (due to the increase of freight turnover and the appropriate lowering cost of cargo transhipment) and for the shipowner (due to decreasing time of cargo operations and saving on the maintenance of fleet under processing). Approbation of the technique was carried out in Togliatti port, "Volzhsky" type ships being taken as an example. There has been determined expected efficiency of implementing new norms for ports and for shipowners (in the amount of 1,48 and 3,89 million rubles for a single navigation, respectively).

scholarly journals Wielowarstwowość pokładów muzyki hardrockowej/heavymetalowej w zasobach „Tylko Rocka”

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Artur Mariusz Trudzik
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Metal Music ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Materials

Multilayering hardrock/heavymetal music in „Only Rock” resources This article is composed of two parts. The first discusses the role of metal hardrock music (broadly understood) in the structure of the most opinion-making music magazine after 1989, ie „Only Rock”, and in the second study focused on analyzing the content of the monthly magazine in terms of title genres, but in the optics of genology. The text uses existing statistical data, studies and, of course, source materials. Methodologically and substantively – in a narrower sense, the publication encompasses two new streams: Metal Music Studies (humanistic) and Journalism and Music Media (social sciences, media studies), and in broader terms quantitative and qualitative research (including structural analysis). The research showed that metal music was a constitutive aspect of the subject matter in a strictly formal rock writing, and even some of the leading elements.

scholarly journals KECEMASAN STATISTIK PADA MAHASISWA CALON GURU

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Surya Sari Faradiba ◽  
Sikky El Walida
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Statistics Anxiety ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
The Impact

Peranan Statistika sebagai salah satu bidang ilmu yang berfungsi untuk merencanakan, mengumpulkan, menganalisis, menginterpretasi, dan merepresentasikan data sebagai dasar untuk pengambilan keputusan sangat penting bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Oleh karena itu, tidak mengherankan jika Statistika banyak digunakan dalam berbagai disiplin ilmu lain, antara lain ilmu alam, ilmu sosial, maupun ilmu humaniora. Mengingat tidak semua pengguna statistika memiliki latar belakang pendidikan Matematika, maka penggunaan alat bantu program SPSS menjadi alternatif yang patut dipertimbangkan. Sayangnya, dalam aplikasinya, pengguna SPSS lebih banyak sekedar mengikuti langkah-langkah prosedural tanpa memahami mengapa mereka melakukan hal tersebut. Dampaknya, pengguna SPSS banyak yang merasa kesulitan dalam melakukan analisis data statistik dan semakin tidak menyukai statistika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi kecemasan statistik pada mahasiswa yang menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mayoritas mahasiswa dalam penelitian ini (n = 105, 73,4%) tidak menunjukkan kecemasan terhadap statistik melalui empat domain utama yang diukur. Tiga puluh satu siswa (21,7%) menunjukkan kecemasan dalam satu domain, empat siswa (2,8%) menunjukkan kecemasan dalam dua domain dan tiga siswa (2,1%) menunjukkan kecemasan dalam tiga domain. Tidak ada siswa dalam penelitian ini yang menunjukkan kecemasan pada keempat domain sekaligus yang diukur. The role of Statistics as one of the fields of science that functions to plan, collect, analyze, interpret, and represent data as a basis for decision making is very important for the development of science and technology. Therefore, it is not surprising that Statistics is widely used in various other disciplines, including natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities. Given that not all statistical users have a Mathematics education background, the use of SPSS program tools is an alternative that should be considered. Unfortunately, in the application, SPSS users are more just following procedural steps without understanding why they are doing it. The impact is that many SPSS users find it difficult to analyze statistical data and increasingly dislike statistics. This study aims to determine statistical anxiety conditions in students using SPSS. The results of this study indicate that the majority of students in this study (n = 105, 73.4%) did not show statistics anxiety through the four main domains measured. Thirty-one students (21.7%) showed anxiety in one domain, four students (2.8%) showed anxiety in two domains and three students (2.1%) showed anxiety in three domains. There were no students in this study who showed anxiety in all four domains as well as being measured.

scholarly journals FLOODS RISK ASSESSMENT IN BULGARIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1253-1258
Author(s):  
Venelin Tsankov Makakov ◽  
Rositsa Todorova Velichkova ◽  
Iskra Sashova Simova ◽  
Detelin Ganchev Marko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Flooding Risk ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Floods continue to be the most economically devastating natural disaster in the world. Worldwide, there are a lot of laws and regulations addressing this problem, as well as different models and approaches developed for flooding risk assessment at different stages of urban planning. The aim of this work is to review the existing measures for prevention of floods that threaten the security of the human population, flora and fauna. The study focuses on the necessary measures which must be implemented to tackle the problem, and early warning of population in emergency and disaster situations in order to reduce damage from floods. Existing statistical data is reviewed and analyzed and, as a consequence, recommendations are proposed.

scholarly journals Understanding and Measuring Collective Intelligence Across Different Cognitive Systems: An Information-Theoretic Approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Chmait
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Systems ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Fundamental Biology ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Information Theoretic Approach ◽  
Business And Management

We develop the idea of collective intelligence by analysing a range of factors hindering the effectiveness of interactive cognitive agents. We give insights into how to explore the potential of collectives across different cognitive systems (human, animal and machine) and research areas. The endeavour is to bridge the different research disciplines in which collective intelligence might occur and apply the studies of intelligence in AI to other fields, thereby cross-fertilising diverse areas of study ranging from business and management to social sciences and fundamental biology.

scholarly journals Three-body system metaphor for the two-slit experiment and Escherichia coli lactose–glucose metabolism

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2068) ◽  
pp. 20150243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanari Asano ◽  
Andrei Khrennikov ◽  
Masanori Ohya ◽  
Yoshiharu Tanaka ◽  
Ichiro Yamato
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Quantum Interference ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Probabilistic Structure ◽  
Three Body ◽  
Slit Experiment

We compare the contextual probabilistic structures of the seminal two-slit experiment (quantum interference experiment), the system of three interacting bodies and Escherichia coli lactose–glucose metabolism. We show that they have the same non-Kolmogorov probabilistic structure resulting from multi-contextuality. There are plenty of statistical data with non-Kolmogorov features; in particular, the probabilistic behaviour of neither quantum nor biological systems can be described classically. Biological systems (even cells and proteins) are macroscopic systems and one may try to present a more detailed model of interactions in such systems that lead to quantum-like probabilistic behaviour. The system of interactions between three bodies is one of the simplest metaphoric examples for such interactions. By proceeding further in this way (by playing with n -body systems) we shall be able to find metaphoric mechanical models for complex bio-interactions, e.g. signalling between cells, leading to non-Kolmogorov probabilistic data.

scholarly journals Contributions and dilemmas of quantitative studies in the Social Science of Religion in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. e020008
Author(s):  
Juan Cruz Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Anthropology Of Religion ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Stock Of Knowledge

The path of the Social Sciences of religion in Latin America has been marked by qualitative studies. The stock of knowledge provided by the sociology and anthropology of religion from a qualitative perspective of research has generated the bases for the consolidation of this disciplinary orientation in the region. However, in recent decades, inquiries have multiplied from a quantitative approach, in order to measure the magnitude of the process of transformation of religious identities. The article aims to analyze comparatively the available statistical data on the religious phenomenon in Latin America, identifying its contributions and dilemmas. It focuses on religious affiliation, as the only data available and comparable at the regional level. Based on secondary sources, the surveys of the Pew Research Center and Latinobarómetro will be analyzed in the first place, and secondly, the data from de the Census and from Universities and National Research Centers. Despite the disparity in the corpus of statistical information between one country and another, the existing surveys coincide in highlighting a declining trend of Catholicism, with varying intensities according to each country, an increase in evangelical adhesions, as well as those without religious affiliation.

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