Examining the Use of Police and Ambulance Data in Suicide Research

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Carla Meurk ◽  
Lisa Wittenhagen ◽  
Megan L. Steele ◽  
Laura Ferris ◽  
Bronwen Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Linkage ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Linkage Studies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Police Data ◽  
Suicide Behaviors

Abstract. Background: Police and paramedics are often the first to respond to individuals in suicide crisis and have an important role to play in facilitating optimal care pathways. Yet, little evidence exists to inform these responses. Data linkage provides one approach to examining this knowledge gap. Aim: We identified studies that examined suicide behaviors and linked to police or ambulance data. Method: A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus was undertaken to identify data linkage studies that: (1) examined suicide behaviors, and (2) included police or ambulance data. Studies were reviewed to identify: aims; suicide behaviors examined; how these were measured; how the cohort was defined; topic area; and what datasets were linked. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Six studies included police data, and two studies included ambulance data. No study included both. Two topic areas were identified: (1) suicide-related contact with police or ambulance services; and (2) associations between suicidal behaviors and violence, victimization, and criminality. Limitations: Limitations to the review include the potential to have missed studies that investigated or reported on suicidality under the guise of mental health problems; complexities and nuances arising from the role of police data in coronial investigations; and limitations in the number of databases searched. Conclusion: Police and ambulance data represent a currently underutilized source of valuable information relevant to suicide crises, and further research should aim to address this gap.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

British foreign policy towards the Palestinian cause since 2003

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ibrahim Salman Al - Shammari ◽  
Dhari Sarhan Hammadi Al-Hamdani
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Peace Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
British Foreign Policy ◽  
Settlement Policy ◽  
Historical Developments ◽  
Palestinian Question ◽  
Theresa May

The topic area of that’s paper dealing with role of Britain in established of Israel, so the paper argued the historical developments of Palestinian question and Role of Britain Government toward peace process since 1992, and then its insight toward plan of Palestinian State. That’s paper also argued the British Policy toward Israeli violations toward Palestinians people, and increased with settlement policy by many procedures like demolition of houses, or lands confiscation, the researcher argued the Britain position toward that’s violations beside the political developments which happens in Britain after Theresa May took over the power in Ten Downing Street

Role of Vajraka Taila in the management of Vrana

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Singh ◽  
Upasana Priya ◽  
Mahesh Chand Purvya
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
External Application ◽  
Major Aspect

In today’s busy and fast life more people are living with conditions that increase their susceptibility to traumatic wounds, due to one or the other cause; thereby taking a heavy toll of life. As per Ayurveda, these type of wounds, which are caused by extrinsic factors are known as Sadyovrana. The major aspect of the management of the traumatic wounds is prevention of the infection, speedy healing, reducing pain, discharge and less discoloration after healing. In Ayurveda, various formulations for debridement are mentioned such as Kwaatha, Kalka, Churna, Rasakriya, Varti, Taila and Ghrita depending on the Avastha of Vrana. In the present study use of Vajraka Taila for external application, has been chosen. Total 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected and the treatment was given for 15 days. The study showed that Vajraka Taila is very effective in Vrana.

scholarly journals Emotion Recognition in Adults With a History of Childhood Maltreatment: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110294
Author(s):  
Annie Bérubé ◽  
Jessica Turgeon ◽  
Caroline Blais ◽  
Daniel Fiset
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of ◽  
Effects On Children ◽  
Meta Analyses

Child maltreatment has many well-documented lasting effects on children. Among its consequences, it affects children’s recognition of emotions. More and more studies are recognizing the lasting effect that a history of maltreatment can have on emotion recognition. A systematic literature review was conducted to better understand this relationship. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used and four databases were searched, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and FRANCIS, using three cross-referenced key words: child abuse, emotion recognition, and adults. The search process identified 23 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The review highlights the wide variety of measures used to assess child maltreatment as well as the different protocols used to measure emotion recognition. The results indicate that adults with a history of childhood maltreatment show a differentiated reaction to happiness, anger, and fear. Happiness is less detected, whereas negative emotions are recognized more rapidly and at a lower intensity compared to adults not exposed to such traumatic events. Emotion recognition is also related to greater brain activation for the maltreated group. However, the results are less consistent for adults who also have a diagnosis of mental health problems. The systematic review found that maltreatment affects the perception of emotions expressed on both adult and child faces. However, more research is needed to better understand how a history of maltreatment is related to adults’ perception of children’s emotions.

Reflux aspiration associated with oesophageal dysmotility but not delayed liquid gastric emptying

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Khoma ◽  
Maite Jeanne Mendu ◽  
Amita Nandini Sen ◽  
Hans Van der Wall ◽  
Gregory Leighton Falk
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Oesophageal Motility ◽  
Oesophageal Manometry ◽  
Oesophageal Dysmotility ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Clinical Subtype

Abstract Introduction Severe oesophageal dysmotility is associated with treatment resistant reflux and pulmonary reflux aspiration. Delayed solid gastric emptying (SGE) has been associated with oesophageal dysmotility, however the role of delayed liquid gastric emptying (LGE) in the pathophysiology of severe reflux disease remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between delayed LGE, reflux aspiration and oesophageal dysmotility. Methods Data was extracted from a prospectively populated database of patients with severe treatment resistant gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). All patients with validated reflux aspiration scintigraphy (RASP) and oesophageal manometry were included in the analysis. Patients were classified by predominant clinical subtype as gastro-oesophageal (GOR) or laryngo-pharyngeal (LPR) reflux. LGE time of 22 minutes or longer was considered delayed. Results Inclusion criteria were met by 631 patients. Normal LGE time was found in 450 patients, whilst 181 had evidence of delayed LGE. Mean liquid half-clearance was 22.81min. Refux aspiration was evident in 240 patients (38%). Difference in the aspiration rates between delayed LGE (42%) and normal LGE (36%) was not significant (p=0.16). Severe ineffective oesophageal motility (IOM) was found in 70 patients (35%) and was independent of LGE time. Severe IOM was strongly associated with reflux aspiration (p<0.001). GOR dominant symptoms were more common in patients with delayed LGE (p=0.03). Conclusion Severe IOM was strongly associated with reflux aspiration. Delayed LGE is not associated with reflux aspiration or severe IOM. Delayed LGE is more prevalent in patients presenting with GOR dominant symptoms.

scholarly journals Defining the Role of Dexmedetomidine in the Prevention of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nelson ◽  
A. J. Muzyk ◽  
M. H. Bucklin ◽  
S. Brudney ◽  
J. P. Gagliardi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Delirium Prevention ◽  
Sedation Regimen

Dexmedetomidine is a highly selectiveα2agonist used as a sedative agent. It also provides anxiolysis and sympatholysis without significant respiratory compromise or delirium. We conducted a systematic review to examine whether sedation of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with dexmedetomidine was associated with a lower incidence of delirium as compared to other nondexmedetomidine sedation strategies. A search of PUBMED, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews yielded only three trials from 1966 through April 2015 that met our predefined inclusion criteria and assessed dexmedetomidine and outcomes of delirium as their primary endpoint. The studies varied in regard to population, comparator sedation regimen, delirium outcome measure, and dexmedetomidine dosing. All trials are limited by design issues that limit our ability definitively to conclude that dexmedetomidine prevents delirium. Evidence does suggest that dexmedetomidine may allow for avoidance of deep sedation and use of benzodiazepines, factors both observed to increase the risk for developing delirium. Our assessment of currently published literature highlights the need for ongoing research to better delineate the role of dexmedetomidine for delirium prevention.

scholarly journals Flap fixation in preventing seroma formation after mastectomy: an updated meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunzio Velotti ◽  
Gennaro Limite ◽  
Antonio Vitiello ◽  
Giovanna Berardi ◽  
Mario Musella
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Seroma Formation ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Strong Evaluation ◽  
Flap Fixation

AbstractSeroma formation following mastectomy is one of the most experienced complications, with a very variable incidence ranging from 3 to 90%. In recent years, many publications have been realized to define an effective technique to prevent its formation and several approaches have been proposed. Given the potential of flap fixation in reducing seroma formation, we performed a meta-analysis of the literature to investigate the role of this approach as definitive gold standard in mastectomy surgery. Inclusion criteria regarded all studies reporting on breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy with or without axillary lymph node dissection; studies that compared mastectomy with flap fixation to mastectomy without flap fixation were selected. Papers were eligible for inclusion if outcome was described in terms of seroma formation. As secondary outcome, also surgical site infection (SSI) was evaluated. The included studies were 12, involving 1887 female patients: 221/986 (22.41%) patients experienced seroma formation after flap fixation and 393/901 (43.61%) patients had this complication not receiving flap fixation, with a significant statistical difference between the two groups (OR = 0.267, p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.153, 0.464). About, SSI 59/686 (8.6%) in flap fixation group and 67/686 (9.7%) in patients without flap fixation, with no statistical differences between groups (OR = 0.59, p = 0.056, 95% CI 0.344, 1.013).The heterogeneity between included studies does not allow us to reach definitive conclusions but only to suggest the strong evaluation of this approach after mastectomy in seroma preventing and SSI reduction.

Role of Sildenafil in Management of Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Janagill ◽  
Puneet Aulakh Pooni ◽  
Siddharth Bhargava ◽  
Shibba Takkar Chhabra
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Pulmonary Vasodilator ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

AbstractAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has high mortality and multiple therapeutic strategies have been used to improve the outcome. Inhaled nitric oxide (INO), a pulmonary vasodilator, is used to improve oxygenation. This study was conducted to determine the role of sildenafil, an oral vasodilator, to improve oxygenation and mortality in pediatric ARDS (PARDS). The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in PARDS was studied as well. Inclusion criteria included children (1–18 years) with ARDS requiring invasive ventilation admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in Northern India over a 1-year period of time. Thirty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. Cardiologist performed a detailed echocardiogram to determine pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP). Patients with persistent hypoxemia were started on oral sildenafil. The majority (77%) patients had a primary pulmonary etiology of PARDS. Elevated PAP (>25 mm Hg) was detected in 54.3% patients at admission. Sildenafil was given to 20 patients who had severe and persistent hypoxemia. Oxygenation improved in most patients after the first dose with statistically significant improvement in PaO2/FiO2 ratios at both 12 and 24 hours following initiation of therapeutic dosing of sildenafil. Improvement in oxygenation occurred irrespective of initial PAP. Outcomes included a total of 57.1% patients discharged, 28.6% discharged against medical advice (DAMA), and a 14.3% mortality rate. Mortality was related to the severity of PARDS and not the use of sildenafil. This is the first study to determine the effect of sildenafil in PARDS. Sildenafil led to improvement in oxygenation in nearly all the cases without affecting mortality. Due to unavailability of INO in most centers of developing countries, sildenafil may be considered as an inexpensive alternative in cases of persistent hypoxemia in PARDS. We recommend additional randomized controlled trials to confirm the effect of sildenafil in PARDS as determined in this study.

COMMITTEE ON FETUS AND NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 923-923
Author(s):  
JEROLD F. LUCEY ◽  
AUDREY K. BROWN ◽  
ALICE GAMBLE BEARD ◽  
MARVIN CORNBLATH ◽  
MOSES GROSSMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Neonatal Patient ◽  
High Risk Infants ◽  
Health Laws ◽  
Periodic Inspections ◽  
Health Administrators

THE physical design of and routine practices in neonatal units (especially nurseries for high-risk infants) are presently influenced almost entirely by considerations related to the risk of spreading infection in the nursery by fomites and personnel. The role of nursery design and specific routines in preventing epidemics is considered so important that the details are encoded in many local, state, and federal health laws or regulations. These are enforced by periodic inspections and conformity is made a prerequisite for official approval, allocation of funds, etc. Although there is little reason to doubt that these policies have had the effect of reducing the incidence of nursery epidemics, there is growing concern that official rigidity in these matters may interfere with optimal care of the very ill infant, as well as with research designed to improve care and find solutions to the overall problems of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Infections are an important and frequent cause of disease in the newborn. They are, however, clearly outdistanced by major non-infectious disorders that account for the majority of deaths and brain damage in the neonatal period (respiratory distress, asphyxia, acidosis, hypoglycemia, and hyperbilirubinemia). Some of the precautionary techniques used to reduce the risk of infections have the practical disadvantages of making it difficult (1) to approach the neonatal patient and (2) to apply modern diagnostic maneuvers and therapeutic aids in order to improve the neonatal patient's chances for intact survival. As a result the nursery-based infants in this country are, in general, quite well protected from the risks of nosocomial infections; but, they receive less than ideal management for cardiorespiratory disorders, a major cause of neonatal mortality. It is obvious that new solutions are required to solve the problem of hospital care of the sick neonate. Unfortunately, both the search for new approaches to neonatal care and the application of some newly established knowledge are now being impaired by rigid rules and construction codes which do not permit innovation. Although these rules cannot be completely abandoned until safe alternatives have been demonstrated, the Committee believes that public health administrators and hospital committees must permit cautious, responsible exploration and evaluation of new approaches to the multiple problems involved.

ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN COVID VACCINE EFFICACY IN ELDERLY IN INDIAN POPULATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-56
Author(s):  
Gujjarlapudi Deepika ◽  
Duvuru Nageshwar Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Inclusion

Background: Aim of this study is to summarise the role of Vitamin D in supporting the immune system,in covid vaccinated recipients. This is a observational study done between April 2021 t Methods: o June 2021 in Indian population. We compared anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike RBDIgG antibody & antispike antibodies following vaccination of non-hospitalized participants along with vitamin D levels in recipients above 60 years. They were tested after vaccination after two doses between 15-45 days. Before study inclusion criteria is, we have checked whether they were as seropositive or seronegative based on nucleocapsid total antibody results. of 310 Results vaccine recipients, 46 reported a prior COVID-19 diagnosis and we have excluded them from the study of the 264 with no history of Covid-19, 70 were vitamin d decient (50M;20 F) & 194 (130 M:64 F) were vitamin d Sufcient. Responses were evaluated after two doses on an average post-vaccine RBD IgG concentration and Spike antibodies were each signicantly higher among the Vit d sufcient recipients compared to the vitamin D Decient recipients. An integrated approach is required to bett Conclusions: er understand aging and how vaccines work in elderly which will help in improving the immune response in older adults after vaccination.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document