scholarly journals The association between family history and genomic burden with schizophrenia mortality: a Swedish population-based register and genetic sample study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaarina Kowalec ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Jie Song ◽  
Christina Dalman ◽  
Christina M. Hultman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Family History ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
National Population ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIndividuals with schizophrenia (SCZ) have a 2–3-fold higher risk of mortality than the general population. Heritability of mortality in psychiatric disorders has been proposed; however, few have investigated SCZ family history and genetic variation, with all-cause and specific causes of death. We aimed to identify correlates of SCZ mortality using genetic epidemiological and genetic modelling in two samples: a Swedish national population sample and a genotyped subsample. In the Swedish national population sample followed from the first SCZ treatment contact until emigration, death or end of the follow-up, we investigated a standardised measure of SCZ family history. In a subgroup with comprehensive genetic data, we investigated the impact of common and rare genetic variation. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the association between various factors and mortality (all and specific causes). A total of 13727 SCZ cases fulfilled criteria for the population-based analyses (1268 deaths, 9.2%). The genomic subset contained 4991 cases (1353 deaths, 27.1%). Somatic mutations associated with clonal hematopoiesis with unknown drivers were associated with all-cause mortality (HR 1.77, 95% CI: 1.26–2.49). No other heritable measures were associated with all-cause mortality nor with any specific causes of death. Future studies in larger, comparable cohorts are warranted to further understand the association between hereditary measures and mortality in SCZ.

Body mass index and risk of all-cause mortality in normotensive and hypertensive adults: The Rural Chinese Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Qionggui Zhou ◽  
Xuejiao Liu ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Pei Qin ◽  
Yongcheng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Chinese Cohort ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: The impact of baseline hypertension status on the BMI–mortality association is still unclear. We aimed to examine the moderation effect of hypertension on the BMI–mortality association using a rural Chinese cohort. Design: In this cohort study, we investigated the incident of mortality according to different BMI categories by hypertension status. Setting: Longitudinal population-based cohort Participants: 17,262 adults ≥18 years were recruited from July to August of 2013 and July to August of 2014 from a rural area in China. Results: During a median 6-year follow-up, we recorded 1109 deaths (610 with and 499 without hypertension). In adjusted models, as compared with BMI 22-24 kg/m2, with BMI ≤18, 18-20, 20-22, 24-26, 26-28, 28-30 and >30 kg/m2, the HRs (95% CI) for mortality in normotensive participants were 1.92 (1.23-3.00), 1.44 (1.01-2.05), 1.14 (0.82-1.58), 0.96 (0.70-1.31), 0.96 (0.65-1.43), 1.32 (0.81-2.14), and 1.32 (0.74-2.35) respectively, and in hypertensive participants were 1.85 (1.08-3.17), 1.67 (1.17-2.39), 1.29 (0.95-1.75), 1.20 (0.91-1.58), 1.10 (0.83-1.46), 1.10 (0.80-1.52), and 0.61 (0.40-0.94) respectively. The risk of mortality was lower in individuals with hypertension with overweight or obesity versus normal weight, especially in older hypertensives (≥60 years old). Sensitivity analyses gave consistent results for both normotensive and hypertensive participants. Conclusions: Low BMI was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality regardless of hypertension status in rural Chinese adults, but high BMI decreased the mortality risk among individuals with hypertension, especially in older hypertensives.

scholarly journals Absence of Association between Previous Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection and Subsequent Myasthenia Gravis: A Nationwide Population-Based Matched Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7677
Author(s):  
Kuan Chen ◽  
James Cheng-Chung Wei ◽  
Hei-Tung Yip ◽  
Mei-Chia Chou ◽  
Renin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
The Impact

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is not only one of the most common pathogenic bacteria for respiratory infection but also a trigger for many autoimmune diseases. Its infection process shared many similarities with the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG) at cellular and cytokine levels. Recent case reports demonstrated patients present with MG after M. pneumoniae infection. However, no epidemiological studies ever looked into the association between the two. Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between M. pneumoniae infection and subsequent development of MG. In this population-based retrospective cohort study, the risk of MG was analyzed in patients who were newly diagnosed with M. pneumoniae infection between 2000 and 2013. A total of 2428 M. pneumoniae patients were included and matched with the non-M. pneumoniae control cohort at a 1:4 ratio by age, sex, and index date. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was applied to analyze the risk of MG development after adjusting for sex, age, and comorbidities, with hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. The incidence rates of MG in the non-M. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae cohorts were 0.96 and 1.97 per 10,000 person-years, respectively. Another case–control study of patients with MG (n = 515) was conducted to analyze the impact of M. pneumoniae on MG occurrence as a sensitivity analysis. The analysis yielded consistent absence of a link between M. pneumoniae and MG. Although previous studies have reported that M. pneumoniae infection and MG may share associated immunologic pathways, we found no statistical significance between M. pneumoniae infection and subsequent development of MG in this study.

scholarly journals Nonfatal Stroke and All-Cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older Adults Living in Rural Ecuador: A Population-Based, Prospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M. Mera ◽  
Victor J. Del Brutto
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Nonfatal Stroke ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Univariate Analyses

ABSTRACT Background: Stroke is a leading cause of disability in developing countries. However, there are no studies assessing the impact of nonfatal strokes on mortality in rural areas of Latin America. Using a population-based, prospective cohort study, we aimed to assess the influence of nonfatal strokes on all-cause mortality in older adults living in an underserved rural setting. Methods: Deaths occurring during a 5-year period in Atahualpa residents aged ≥60 years were identified from overlapping sources. Tests for equality of survivor functions were used to estimate differences between observed and expected deaths for each covariate investigated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate Kaplan–Meier survival curves of variables reaching significance in univariate analyses. Results: Of 437 individuals enrolled over 5 years, follow-up was achieved in 417 (95%), contributing 1776 years of follow-up (average 4.3 ± 1.3 years). Fifty-one deaths were detected, for an overall cumulative 5-year mortality rate of 12.2% (8.9%–15.6%). Being older than 70 years of age, having poor physical activity, edentulism, and history of a nonfatal stroke were related to mortality in univariate analyses. A fully adjusted Cox proportional hazards model showed that having history of a nonfatal stroke (P = 0.024) and being older than 70 years of age (P = 0.031) independently predicted mortality. In contrast, obesity was inversely correlated with mortality (P = 0.047). Conclusions: A nonfatal stroke and increasing age increase the risk of all-cause mortality in inhabitants of a remote rural village. The body mass index is inversely related to death (obesity paradox).

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer deaths due to delays in diagnosis in England, UK: a national, population-based, modelling study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1023-1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Maringe ◽  
James Spicer ◽  
Melanie Morris ◽  
Arnie Purushotham ◽  
Ellen Nolte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
National Population ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Modelling Study

Sex similarities and differences in risk factors for recurrence of major depression

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 1685-1693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna M. van Loo ◽  
Steven H. Aggen ◽  
Charles O. Gardner ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Family History ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Risk Factors For Recurrence ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundMajor depression (MD) occurs about twice as often in women as in men, but it is unclear whether sex differences subsist after disease onset. This study aims to elucidate potential sex differences in rates and risk factors for MD recurrence, in order to improve prediction of course of illness and understanding of its underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe used prospective data from a general population sample (n = 653) that experienced a recent episode of MD. A diverse set of potential risk factors for recurrence of MD was analyzed using Cox models subject to elastic net regularization for males and females separately. Accuracy of the prediction models was tested in same-sex and opposite-sex test data. Additionally, interactions between sex and each of the risk factors were investigated to identify potential sex differences.ResultsRecurrence rates and the impact of most risk factors were similar for men and women. For both sexes, prediction models were highly multifactorial including risk factors such as comorbid anxiety, early traumas, and family history. Some subtle sex differences were detected: for men, prediction models included more risk factors concerning characteristics of the depressive episode and family history of MD and generalized anxiety, whereas for women, models included more risk factors concerning early and recent adverse life events and socioeconomic problems.ConclusionsNo prominent sex differences in risk factors for recurrence of MD were found, potentially indicating similar disease maintaining mechanisms for both sexes. Course of MD is a multifactorial phenomenon for both males and females.

scholarly journals Causes of Death after a Hospitalization with AKI

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 1001-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel A. Silver ◽  
Ziv Harel ◽  
Eric McArthur ◽  
Danielle M. Nash ◽  
Rey Acedillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Standardized Mortality Ratios

Mortality after AKI is high, but the causes of death are not well described. To better understand causes of death in patients after a hospitalization with AKI and to determine patient and hospital factors associated with mortality, we conducted a population-based study of residents in Ontario, Canada, who survived a hospitalization with AKI from 2003 to 2013. Using linked administrative databases, we categorized cause of death in the year after hospital discharge as cardiovascular, cancer, infection-related, or other. We calculated standardized mortality ratios to compare the causes of death in survivors of AKI with those in the general adult population and used Cox proportional hazards modeling to estimate determinants of death. Of the 156,690 patients included, 43,422 (28%) died in the subsequent year. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular disease (28%) and cancer (28%), with respective standardized mortality ratios nearly six-fold (5.81; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.70 to 5.92) and eight-fold (7.87; 95% CI, 7.72 to 8.02) higher than those in the general population. The highest standardized mortality ratios were for bladder cancer (18.24; 95% CI, 17.10 to 19.41), gynecologic cancer (16.83; 95% CI, 15.63 to 18.07), and leukemia (14.99; 95% CI, 14.16 to 15.85). Along with older age and nursing home residence, cancer and chemotherapy strongly associated with 1-year mortality. In conclusion, cancer-related death was as common as cardiovascular death in these patients; moreover, cancer-related deaths occurred at substantially higher rates than in the general population. Strategies are needed to care for and counsel patients with cancer who experience AKI.

Patterns of Care in a Random Population-Based Sample of Patients Diagnosed with Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 85-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dierdre P. Cronin ◽  
Linda C. Harlan ◽  
Limin X. Clegg ◽  
Jennifer L. Stevens ◽  
Gigi Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
T Cell ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Histological Subtypes ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The advent of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies has enhanced the efficacy of NHL treatment. In recent years, these immuno-therapies have been increasingly used in therapy. We conducted a population-based study of NHL treatment practices in the US using a stratified random sample of patients diagnosed in 1999 with histologically confirmed NHL (n=939) residing in the geographic areas covered by the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program. Blacks and Hispanics were over-sampled to obtain more stable estimates. Patients were followed for vital status through Dec 2001. We performed separate logistic regression analyses to study the potential factors associated with the likelihood of receiving chemotherapy, radiation therapy and the monoclonal antibody, Rituximab. Cox Proportional Hazards regression model was used to study the risk factors associated with survival time. We grouped histological subtypes into five broad categories: B-cell aggressive, B-cell indolent, T-cell generic, cutaneous T-cell, and mantle cell lymphomas. The majority of patients presented with B-cell aggressive or B-cell indolent lymphomas (n=828). Approximately 20% of patients received no therapy. Over 60% of patients received chemotherapy, either alone or in combination. 12% of patients received Rituximab and it was most frequently administered to patients in combination with chemotherapy, especially for patients with B-cell aggressive, B-cell indolent and T-cell generic lymphomas. Only 3% of patients participated in clinical trials. Age and gender were associated with the receipt of chemotherapy: people aged over 75 years, and males were less likely to have received chemotherapy (P=0.01). There were no significant associations between the likelihood of receiving Rituximab and the demographic and clinical factors analyzed. However, our results suggested that African-Americans and people aged over 75 years were less likely to have received immunotherapy. Twenty-four percent of patients received radiation with or without another therapy. When compared to patients with no symptoms at presentation, patients who presented with B-symptoms at diagnosis or those whose B-symptoms were unknown were less likely to have received radiation therapy (OR=0.32 and 0.47 respectively, P=0.0002). Approximately 50% of patients had died by the end of maximum the 3-year follow-up period. Both cause-specific and all-cause mortality was significantly associated with patient age, race/ethnicity, gender, marital status and co-morbid conditions, as well as histological subgroup. Hispanic and Black patients had higher risk of death from both NHL and all-cause (P<0.01) than their non-Hispanic white counterparts. Patients > 75 years, male patients, unmarried patients, or patients with B-symptoms had higher risk of death from either NHL or all-cause (p<0.01). This paper is the first population-based study examining the receipt of therapy for many histological subtypes of NHL. Future work will examine the impact of treatment on survival.

Effects of metformin and sulfonylureas on overall and colorectal cancer-specific mortality.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2599-2599
Author(s):  
Susan Spillane ◽  
Kathleen Bennett ◽  
Linda Sharp ◽  
Thomas Ian Barron
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Specific Mortality

2599 Background: Preclinical studies have suggested a role for metformin in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Associations between metformin versus sulfonylurea exposure and mortality (all-cause and colorectal cancer specific) are assessed in this population-based study of patients with a diagnosis of stage I-IV CRC. Methods: National Cancer Registry Ireland records were linked to prescription claims data and used to identify a cohort of patients with incident TNM stage I-IV CRC diagnosed 2001-2006. From this cohort, 2 patient groups were identified and compared for outcomes - those who received a prescription for metformin +/- a sulfonylurea (MET) or a prescription for sulfonylurea alone (SUL) in the 90 days pre CRC diagnosis. Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, stage, grade, site, comorbidities, year of diagnosis, and insulin, aspirin or statin exposure. Analyses were repeated stratifying by stage and site. Results: 5,617 patients with stage I-IV CRC were identified, of whom 369 received a prescription for metformin or a sulfonylurea in the 90 days pre diagnosis (median follow-up 1.6 years; MET: n=257; SUL: n=112). In adjusted analyses metformin exposure was associated with a 28% lower risk of all-cause mortality relative to sulfonylurea exposure (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.53-0.98) and a non-significant 24% reduction in CRC-specific mortality (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.52-1.13). In analyses stratified by site, in colon cancer, metformin exposure was associated with a significant one-third reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46-0.95) and a non-significant reduction in site-specific mortality (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.40-1.02). No mortality benefit was observed for rectal cancer. The association between metformin exposure and reduced mortality was strongest for stage I/II disease (all-cause mortality: HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32-0.98; CRC-specific mortality: HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.21-1.11). Conclusions: Pre-diagnosis metformin exposure in CRC patients was associated with a significant reduction in mortality relative to sulfonylurea exposure. This benefit was greatest in patients with colon cancer and early stage disease.

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