scholarly journals Temperature effects on carbon storage are controlled by soil stabilisation capacities

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain P. Hartley ◽  
Tim C. Hill ◽  
Sarah E. Chadburn ◽  
Gustaf Hugelius
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
System Model ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Soil Stabilisation ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPhysical and chemical stabilisation mechanisms are now known to play a critical role in controlling carbon (C) storage in mineral soils, leading to suggestions that climate warming-induced C losses may be lower than previously predicted. By analysing > 9,000 soil profiles, here we show that, overall, C storage declines strongly with mean annual temperature. However, the reduction in C storage with temperature was more than three times greater in coarse-textured soils, with limited capacities for stabilising organic matter, than in fine-textured soils with greater stabilisation capacities. This pattern was observed independently in cool and warm regions, and after accounting for potentially confounding factors (plant productivity, precipitation, aridity, cation exchange capacity, and pH). The results could not, however, be represented by an established Earth system model (ESM). We conclude that warming will promote substantial soil C losses, but ESMs may not be predicting these losses accurately or which stocks are most vulnerable.

scholarly journals The hidden ecological resource of andic soils in mountain ecosystems: evidences from Italy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Terribile ◽  
Michela Iamarino ◽  
Giuliano Langella ◽  
Piero Manna ◽  
Florindo Antonio Mileti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mountain Ecosystems ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Mountain Landscapes ◽  
Ecological Importance ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract. Andic soils have unique morphological, physical and chemical properties that induce both considerable soil fertility and great vulnerability to land degradation. Moreover they are the most striking mineral soils in terms of large organic C storage and long C residence time; this is especially related to the presence of poorly crystalline clay minerals and metal-humus complexes. Recognition of these soils is then very important. Here we attempt to show, through the combined analysis of 35 sampling points chosen, throughout the Italian non volcanic mountain landscapes, in accordance to specific physical and vegetation rules, that soils rich in poorly crystalline clay minerals have an utmost ecological importance. More specifically, in various non-volcanic mountain ecosystems (> 700 m) and in low slope gradient locations (

scholarly journals Effects of land use change from natural forest to plantation on C, N and natural abundance of 13C and 15N along a climate gradient in eastern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mbezele Junior Yannick Ngaba ◽  
Ya-Lin Hu ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
Xiang-Qing Ma ◽  
Shao-Fei Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract Soil C and N turnover rates and contents are strongly influenced by climates (e.g., mean annual temperature MAT, and mean annual precipitation MAP) as well as human activities. However, the effects of converting natural forests to intensively human-managed plantations on soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) dynamics across various climatic zones are not well known. In this study, we evaluated C, N pool and natural abundances of δ13C and δ15N in forest floor layer and 1-meter depth mineral soils under natural forests (NF) and plantation forest (PF) at six sites in eastern China. Our results showed that forest floor had higher C contents and lower N contents in PF compared to NF, resulting in high forest floor C/N ratios and a decrease in the quality of organic materials in forest floor under plantations. In general, soil C, N contents and their isotope changed significantly in the forest floor and mineral soil after land use change (LUC). Soil δ13C was significantly enriched in forest floor after LUC while both δ13C and δ15N values were enriched in mineral soils. Linear and non-linear regressions were observed for MAP and MAT in soil C/N ratios and soil δ13C, in their changes with NF conversion to PF while soil δ15N values were positively correlated with MAT. Our findings implied that LUC alters soil C turnover and contents and MAP drive soil δ13C dynamic.

A BIOSEQUENCE OF SOILS OF THE ROUGH FESCUE PRAIRIE – POPLAR TRANSITION IN SOUTHWESTERN ALBERTA

1966 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dormaar ◽  
L. E. Lutwick
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Exchangeable Cation ◽  
Spectral Pattern ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Rough Fescue ◽  
Populus Spp

A biosequence of soil profiles, ranging from Black through various stages of Dark Gray to Eluviated Dark Gray Chernozems and a Degraded Brown Wooded soil, is found under a sequence of vegetation ranging from rough fescue prairie (Festuca scabrella association) to encroaching poplar (Populus spp.) and fir trees (Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Poir.) Britt.) in the Porcupine Hills of southwestern Alberta. Samples were gathered to establish the differential physical and chemical changes that have occurred in the soils over an 80-year period.Increased eluviation accompanied a reduction in the percentage of exchangeable calcium but it remained the dominant exchangeable cation in all horizons. Most of the exchange capacity arises from the organic matter. The exchange sites are mainly pH-dependent. The changes in the organic matter, because of the encroachment of trees, are more strikingly evident than are the changes in the mineral matter.Infrared absorption spectra of electrodialyzed humic acids display a conspicuous change in spectral pattern between 2 500 and 1 800 cm−1. There are indications of increased acidity and increased aromaticity in the humic acids of the B horizon as eluviation progresses.

Changes in carbon storage of broadcast burn plantations over 20 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Kranabetter ◽  
A M Macadam
Keyword(s):  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Prescribed Burn ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Forest Floors

The extent of carbon (C) storage in forests and the change in C stocks after harvesting are important considerations in the management of greenhouse gases. We measured changes in C storage over time (from postharvest, postburn, year 5, year 10 and year 20) in logging slash, forest floors, mineral soils and planted lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) trees from six prescribed-burn plantations in north central British Columbia. After harvest, site C in these pools averaged 139 Mg ha-1, with approximately equal contributions from mineral soils (0–30 cm), forest floors and logging slash. Together these detrital pools declined by 71 Mg C ha-1, or 51% (28% directly from the broadcast burn, and a further 23% postburn), in the subsequent 20 yr. Postburn decay in logging slash was inferred by reductions in wood density (from 0.40 to 0.34 g cm-3), equal to an average k rate of 0.011 yr-1. Losses in forest floor C, amounting to more than 60% of the initial mass, were immediate and continued to year 5, with no reaccumulation evident by year 20. Mineral soil C concentrations initially fluctuated before declining by 25% through years 10 and 20. Overall, the reductions in C storage were offset by biomass accumulation of lodgepole pine, and we estimate these plantations had become a net sink for C before year 20, although total C storage was still less than postharvest levels. Key words: C sequestration, forest floors; coarse woody debris; soil organic matter

scholarly journals Carbon stocks of an Oxisol after thirty-eight years under different tillage systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Sulamirtes S. de A. Magalhaes ◽  
Fabricio T. Ramos ◽  
Oscarlina L. dos S. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Physical Attributes

ABSTRACT Soil carbon (C) stock determination can subsidize discussions on the continuity of an agricultural management. This study aimed to evaluate the stocks of total organic C (STOC) and labile C (SLC), and the indices of C lability (CLI), C compartment (CCI) and C management (CMI), and correlate them with chemical and physical attributes of a Red Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) managed for 38 years with different tillage systems in a Cerrado region of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected in three layers (0-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m). The CMI (CLI x CCI) showed higher STOC possibly as the tillage depth decreased, because none of the tillage systems conserved STOC and SLC in the layers of 0-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m, compared with the Native Cerrado, i.e., soil C conservation only occurred in the layer of 0.10-0.20 m. Although the percentage of SLC in STOC was lower, only SLC was correlated with soil chemical and physical attributes and, based on the multiple linear regression analysis, SLC was explained in 54% (R2) by the cation exchange capacity and soil micropores. Therefore, for monitoring purposes, the SLCestimated can be useful to evaluate soil C storage.

scholarly journals Genesis of sandstone-derived soils in the Cerrado of the Piauí State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Diego Ferreira de Souza ◽  
Ronny Sobreira Barbosa ◽  
Yuri Jacques Agra Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Márcio Cleto Soares de Moura ◽  
Romário Porto de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Exchangeable Bases ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study characterized the morphological, physical and chemical attributes of sandstone-derived soils at the Cerrado of the Piauí State, Brazil, in order to identify evolutionary standards. The study was carried out with five representative soil profiles identified as P1-RY (Typical Flavic Psychotic Neosol - Aquents), P2-PA (Typical Dystrophic Yellow Argisol - Alfisol), P3-RL (Fragmentary Litholic Distrophic Neosol - Psammenit), P4-RQ (Typical Ortic Quartzenetic Neosol - Orthents) and P5-PV (Typical Dystrophic Red Argisol - Ultisol). Soil samples were submitted laboratory analysis described morphologically. In general, the soils presented high sand content, low pH, low content of exchangeable bases and low cation exchange capacity (CEC). Organic matter governed the CEC in most cases, suggesting dependence of organic matter in the supply of charges. These soils showed a low degree of weathering, but with iron of high crystallinity. Thus, the relief and the parent material are the major important soil-forming factors at the Cerrado of the Piauí State. Moreover, these soils are young, with the soils from the Piauí Formation being more evolved. However, the sandstones from the Canindé Group apparently are providing lithological secondary minerals for the soil.

scholarly journals The undetected loss of aged carbon from boreal mineral soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geert Hensgens ◽  
Hjalmar Laudon ◽  
Mark S. Johnson ◽  
Martin Berggren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Earth Systems ◽  
Nuclear Bomb ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Water Extractable Organic Carbon ◽  
High Lability ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Terrestrial Biomes

AbstractThe boreal forest is among the largest terrestrial biomes on earth, storing more carbon (C) than the atmosphere. Due to rapid climatic warming and enhanced human development, the boreal region may have begun transitioning from a net C sink to a net source. This raises serious concern that old biogenic soil C can be re-introduced into the modern C cycle in near future. Combining bio-decay experiments, mixing models and the Keeling plot method, we discovered a distinct old pre-bomb organic carbon fraction with high biodegradation rate. In total, 34 ± 12% of water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) in podzols, one of the dominating boreal soil types, consisted of aged (~ 1000 year) labile C. The omission of this aged (i.e., Δ14C depleted) WEOC fraction in earlier studies is due to the co-occurrence with Δ14C enriched modern C formed following 1950s nuclear bomb testing masking its existence. High lability of aged soil WEOC and masking effects of modern Δ14C enriched C suggests that the risk for mobilization and re-introduction of this ancient C pool into the modern C cycle has gone undetected. Our findings have important implications for earth systems models in terms of climate-carbon feedbacks and the future C balance of the boreal forest.

scholarly journals Higher stand densities can promote soil carbon storage after conversion of temperate mixed natural forests to larch plantations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Na ◽  
Xiaoyang Sun ◽  
Yandong Zhang ◽  
Zhihu Sun ◽  
Johannes Rousk
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Soil C Storage ◽  
Soil C Sequestration

AbstractSoil carbon (C) reservoirs held in forests play a significant role in the global C cycle. However, harvesting natural forests tend to lead to soil C loss, which can be countered by the establishment of plantations after clear cutting. Therefore, there is a need to determine how forest management can affect soil C sequestration. The management of stand density could provide an effective tool to control soil C sequestration, yet how stand density influences soil C remains an open question. To address this question, we investigated soil C storage in 8-year pure hybrid larch (Larix spp.) plantations with three densities (2000 trees ha−1, 3300 trees ha−1 and 4400 trees ha−1), established following the harvesting of secondary mixed natural forest. We found that soil C storage increased with higher tree density, which mainly correlated with increases of dissolved organic C as well as litter and root C input. In addition, soil respiration decreased with higher tree density during the most productive periods of warm and moist conditions. The reduced SOM decomposition suggested by lowered respiration was also corroborated with reduced levels of plant litter decomposition. The stimulated inputs and reduced exports of C from the forest floor resulted in a 40% higher soil C stock in high- compared to low-density forests within 8 years after plantation, providing effective advice for forest management to promote soil C sequestration in ecosystems.

Post-thinning soil organic matter evolution and soil CO2 effluxes in temperate radiata pine plantations: impacts of moderate thinning regimes on the forest C cycle

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1953-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Fernandez ◽  
Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González ◽  
Beatríz Carrasco ◽  
Ana Daría Ruíz-González ◽  
Ana Cabaneiro
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Soil C ◽  
C Storage ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
C And N

Forest ecosystems can act as C sinks, thus absorbing a high percentage of atmospheric CO2. Appropriate silvicultural regimes can therefore be applied as useful tools in climate change mitigation strategies. The present study analyzed the temporal changes in the effects of thinning on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and on soil CO2 emissions in radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) forests. Soil C effluxes were monitored over a period of 2 years in thinned and unthinned plots. In addition, soil samples from the plots were analyzed by solid-state 13C-NMR to determine the post-thinning SOM composition and fresh soil samples were incubated under laboratory conditions to determine their biodegradability. The results indicate that the potential soil C mineralization largely depends on the proportion of alkyl-C and N-alkyl-C functional groups in the SOM and on the microbial accessibility of the recalcitrant organic pool. Soil CO2 effluxes varied widely between seasons and increased exponentially with soil heating. Thinning led to decreased soil respiration and attenuation of the seasonal fluctuations. These effects were observed for up to 20 months after thinning, although they disappeared thereafter. Thus, moderate thinning caused enduring changes to the SOM composition and appeared to have temporary effects on the C storage capacity of forest soils, which is a critical aspect under the current climatic change scenario.

scholarly journals Potential mechanisms involving the immobilization of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Nan Guo ◽  
Li-Xia Wang ◽  
Hong-Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Redundancy Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Bulking Agent ◽  
Initial Carbon ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study aims to investigate the relationship between key physicochemical parameters related to composting process and bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting through regulating different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios (15:1, 20:1, 25:1) and bulking agent types (straw, green waste). Results showed that higher initial C/N ratio of 20:1 or 25:1 and straw as bulking agent were optimal to reduce the bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr (62.4%, 20.6% and 32.2% reduction, respectively). Redundancy analysis implied that the bioavailability of Cd was significantly associated with total phosphorus and total nitrogen, deducing the formation of phosphate precipitation and biosorption might participated in the reaction process, while that of As and Cr were mainly influenced by organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and OM, CEC, electric conductivity, respectively. A total of 48.5%, 64.6% and 62.2% of Cd, As and Cr redistribution information could be explained by the above parameters. Further correlation analysis revealed that bioavailable As and Cr were negatively correlated with humic acid to fulvic acid ratio. In summary, this study confirms that the mechanisms of phosphate precipitation, biosorption and humification played critical role in reducing Cd, As and Cr bioavailability during swine manure composting.

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