scholarly journals A rechargeable aqueous manganese-ion battery based on intercalation chemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Songshan Bi ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Fang Yue ◽  
Zhiwei Tie ◽  
Zhiqiang Niu
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Manganese Ion ◽  
Cell Discharge ◽  
Large Lattice ◽  
Ion Intercalation

AbstractAqueous rechargeable metal batteries are intrinsically safe due to the utilization of low-cost and non-flammable water-based electrolyte solutions. However, the discharge voltages of these electrochemical energy storage systems are often limited, thus, resulting in unsatisfactory energy density. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to investigate alternative aqueous metal battery systems to improve the discharge voltage. Herein, we report reversible manganese-ion intercalation chemistry in an aqueous electrolyte solution, where inorganic and organic compounds act as positive electrode active materials for Mn2+ storage when coupled with a Mn/carbon composite negative electrode. In one case, the layered Mn0.18V2O5·nH2O inorganic cathode demonstrates fast and reversible Mn2+ insertion/extraction due to the large lattice spacing, thus, enabling adequate power performances and stable cycling behavior. In the other case, the tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone organic cathode molecules undergo enolization during charge/discharge processes, thus, contributing to achieving a stable cell discharge plateau at about 1.37 V. Interestingly, the low redox potential of the Mn/Mn2+ redox couple vs. standard hydrogen electrode (i.e., −1.19 V) enables the production of aqueous manganese metal cells with operational voltages higher than their zinc metal counterparts.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Cobalt Co-Coped Carbon Materials Derived from Biomass Chitin as High-Performance Electrocatalyst for Aluminum-Air Batteries

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Wang ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Haoqi Yang ◽  
Guolong Lu ◽  
Shuchen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Alkaline Electrolyte ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Practical Applications

Development of convenient, economic electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium is of great significance to practical applications of aluminum-air batteries. Herein, a biomass chitin-derived carbon material with high ORR activities has been prepared and applied as electrocatalysts in Al-air batteries. The obtained cobalt, nitrogen co-doped carbon material (CoNC) exhibits the positive onset potential 0.86 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) and high-limiting current density 5.94 mA cm−2. Additionally, the durability of the CoNC material in alkaline electrolyte shows better stability when compared to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Furthermore, the Al-air battery using CoNC as an air cathode catalyst provides the power density of 32.24 mW cm−2 and remains the constant discharge voltage of 1.17 V at 20 mA cm−2. This work not only provides a facile method to synthesize low-cost and efficient ORR electrocatalysts for Al-air batteries, but also paves a new way to explore and utilize high-valued biomass materials.

The system of indicators of the quality of the carbon-carbon composite materials and technologies of their production

2018 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
T. N. Antipova ◽  
D. S. Shiroyan
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Carbon Matrix ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Carbon Composite Material ◽  
Carbon Composite Materials

The system of indicators of quality of carbon-carbon composite material and technological operations of its production is proved in the work. As a result of the experimental studies, with respect to the existing laboratory equipment, the optimal number of cycles of saturation of the reinforcing frame with a carbon matrix is determined. It was found that to obtain a carbon-carbon composite material with a low cost and the required quality indicators, it is necessary to introduce additional parameters of the pitch melt at the impregnation stage.

Messungen an einem N2-Laser mit Dämpfungskondensatoren / Measurements on an N2-Laser with Damping Capacitors

1976 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1433-1434
Author(s):  
S. Miyashiro ◽  
H. Gronig
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Nitrogen Laser ◽  
Electrode Structure ◽  
Laser Channel

Abstract A low cost pulsed molecular nitrogen laser with damping capacitors has been constructed and tested. The design in-corporates a bandsaw blade as a multiple negative electrode structure and twenty small damping capacitors along the laser channel for discharge. This design is very advantageous not only for practical use but also for the study of the dynamics of a nitrogen laser.

scholarly journals In-Plane Monolithic Integration of Scaled III-V Photonic Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1887
Author(s):  
Markus Scherrer ◽  
Noelia Vico Triviño ◽  
Svenja Mauthe ◽  
Preksha Tiwari ◽  
Heinz Schmid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Monolithic Integration ◽  
Light Emitters ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Large Lattice ◽  
Hybrid Iii ◽  
Gain Material

It is a long-standing goal to leverage silicon photonics through the combination of a low-cost advanced silicon platform with III-V-based active gain material. The monolithic integration of the III-V material is ultimately desirable for scalable integrated circuits but inherently challenging due to the large lattice and thermal mismatch with Si. Here, we briefly review different approaches to monolithic III-V integration while focusing on discussing the results achieved using an integration technique called template-assisted selective epitaxy (TASE), which provides some unique opportunities compared to existing state-of-the-art approaches. This method relies on the selective replacement of a prepatterned silicon structure with III-V material and thereby achieves the self-aligned in-plane monolithic integration of III-Vs on silicon. In our group, we have realized several embodiments of TASE for different applications; here, we will focus specifically on in-plane integrated photonic structures due to the ease with which these can be coupled to SOI waveguides and the inherent in-plane doping orientation, which is beneficial to waveguide-coupled architectures. In particular, we will discuss light emitters based on hybrid III-V/Si photonic crystal structures and high-speed InGaAs detectors, both covering the entire telecom wavelength spectral range. This opens a new path towards the realization of fully integrated, densely packed, and scalable photonic integrated circuits.

Forming of Zeolite/Carbon Composite Substrate Coated with Titania for Photocatalyst Decomposition of Organic Compound

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 304-309
Author(s):  
Khemmakorn Gomonsirisuk ◽  
Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Phenolic Resins ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Naa Zeolite ◽  
Composite Substrate ◽  
Zeolite Composite ◽  
High Absorption

Organic contaminated wastes water from petrochemical industries can be removed by adsorbent and photocatalyst. In this work, the degradation rate of phenol have been studied at different ratios of activated carbon/NaA zeolite composite materials coated with TiO2 photocatalyst which are easily to be fabricated into tubular shape by extrusion method. In addition, the foam-inserted composite can be floated on the surface of waste water for the higher phocatalyst activity. While the composite is the low cost adsorbent with high absorption and high ion exchange properties. In order to optimize the efficiency of material, the various ratios of activated carbon/NaA zeolite (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) and amount of coated TiO2 on the specimen’s surface was studied by UV/Vis spectrophotometer which related to phenol concentration. Moreover the various amount of phenolic resins (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt%) at different reduction firing temperatures (600 and 650 °C) with soaking time of 1, 2 and 3 hours affected to the compressive strength of samples. For the characterization, XRD is used to characterize the phase and SEM is used to provide the morphology of the prepared composite materials.

scholarly journals Rapid iodine capture from radioactive wastewater by green and low-cost biomass waste derived porous silicon–carbon composite

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 5268-5275
Author(s):  
Guiyang Qu ◽  
Ying Han ◽  
Junjun Qi ◽  
Xinyue Xing ◽  
Minjie Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Silicon Carbon ◽  
Radioactive Wastewater ◽  
And Storage

The effective and safe capture and storage of radioactive iodine (129I or 131I) are of significant importance during nuclear waste storage and nuclear energy generation.

scholarly journals Stable Lithium-Carbon Composite Enabled by Dual-Salt Additives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zheng ◽  
Feng Guo ◽  
Tuo Kang ◽  
Yingzhu Fan ◽  
Wei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coulombic Efficiency ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Metal

AbstractLithium metal is regarded as the ultimate negative electrode material for secondary batteries due to its high energy density. However, it suffers from poor cycling stability because of its high reactivity with liquid electrolytes. Therefore, continuous efforts have been put into improving the cycling Coulombic efficiency (CE) to extend the lifespan of the lithium metal negative electrode. Herein, we report that using dual-salt additives of LiPF6 and LiNO3 in an ether solvent-based electrolyte can significantly improve the cycling stability and rate capability of a Li-carbon (Li-CNT) composite. As a result, an average cycling CE as high as 99.30% was obtained for the Li-CNT at a current density of 2.5 mA cm–2 and an negative electrode to positive electrode capacity (N/P) ratio of 2. The cycling stability and rate capability enhancement of the Li-CNT negative electrode could be attributed to the formation of a better solid electrolyte interphase layer that contains both inorganic components and organic polyether. The former component mainly originates from the decomposition of the LiNO3 additive, while the latter comes from the LiPF6-induced ring-opening polymerization of the ether solvent. This novel surface chemistry significantly improves the CE of Li negative electrode, revealing its importance for the practical application of lithium metal batteries.

scholarly journals An operando X-ray diffraction study of chloroaluminate anion-graphite intercalation in aluminum batteries

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. 5670-5675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Jern Pan ◽  
Chunze Yuan ◽  
Guanzhou Zhu ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Chen-Jui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Discharge Voltage ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Graphite Intercalation ◽  
Battery Discharge

We investigated rechargeable aluminum (Al) batteries composed of an Al negative electrode, a graphite positive electrode, and an ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte at temperatures down to −40 °C. The reversible battery discharge capacity at low temperatures could be superior to that at room temperature. In situ/operando electrochemical and synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments combined with theoretical modeling revealed stable AlCl4−/graphite intercalation up to stage 3 at low temperatures, whereas intercalation was reversible up to stage 4 at room temperature (RT). The higher-degree anion/graphite intercalation at low temperatures affords rechargeable Al battery with higher discharge voltage (up to 2.5 V, a record for Al battery) and energy density. A remarkable cycle life of >20,000 cycles at a rate of 6C (10 minutes charge time) was achievable for Al battery operating at low temperatures, corresponding to a >50-year battery life if charged/discharged once daily.

Designing Composites for Graceful Failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Micheal ◽  
Yehia Bahei-El-Din ◽  
Mahmoud E. Abd El-Latief
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Ultimate Load ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Glass Carbon ◽  
Effective Product

Abstract When inevitable, failure in composite laminates is preferred to occur gracefully to avoid loss of property and possibly life. While the inherent inhomogeneity leads to slow dissipation of damage-related energy, overall failure is fiber-dominated and occurs in a rather brittle manner. Multidirectional plies usually give a more ductile response. Additionally, stiffness and strength as well as cost are important factors to consider in designing composite laminates. It is hence desirable to optimize for high mechanical properties and low cost while keeping graceful failure. Designing composite laminates with hybrid systems and layups, which permit gradual damage energy dissipation, are two ways proposed in this work to optimize for mechanical properties while avoiding catastrophic failure. In the hybrid system design, combining the less expensive glass reinforced plies with carbon reinforced plies offers a cost-effective product, marginal mechanical properties change and ductile profile upon failure. Hybrid glass/carbon composite laminates subjected to three-point bending showed strain to failure which is double that measured for carbon composite specimens, without affecting the ultimate load. Energy dissipation mechanisms were also created by building laminates which were intentionally made discontinuous by introducing cuts in the fibers of the interior plies. This created a longer path for damage before cutting through the next ply resulting in double failure strain with marginal reduction in load. The effect of fiber discontinuity in terms of spacing and distribution are among the factors considered.

scholarly journals Green and facile synthesis of cerium doped Ni3Fe electrocatalyst for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-363
Author(s):  
F. Kanwal ◽  
A. Batool ◽  
R. Akbar ◽  
S. Asim ◽  
M. Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Evolution ◽  
Oxygen Evolution Reaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Alkaline Electrolyte ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Molar Ratios

Electrochemical water splitting is the most promising pathway to produce high-purity hydrogen to alleviate global energy crisis. This reaction demands inexpensive, efficient and robust electrocatalyst for its commercial use. Herein, we demonstrate an effective, facile and scalable method for the synthesis of cerium doped Ni3Fe nanostructures as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by following simple chemical bath deposition route. The different molar ratios (3, 6 and 12 mM) of cerium in the chemical bath were used to study its effect on the structural and the electrochemical properties of the Ni3Fe nanostructured films. Doping of cerium contents induced variations in the morphology of deposited Ni3Fe nanostructures. The optimized electrocatalyst Ni3Fe/Ce-6 yielded high surface area catalyst nanosheets uniformly deposited on three-dimensional conductive scaffold to ensure increase in the exposure of doped Ni3Fe catalytic sites with high electrical conductivity. As a result, this earth-abundant electrocatalyst affords high OER performance with a small overpotential of 310 mV versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10 mA cm-2 and retains good stability up to ~ 10 h in alkaline electrolyte. This scalable strategy has great potential in future advancement of efficient and low-cost electrocatalysts for their large-scale application in energy conversion systems.                     KEY WORDS: Oxygen evolution, Electrocatalyst, Ni3Fe nanostructures, Cerium, Alkaline electrolyte   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(2), 353-363 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i2.12

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