scholarly journals Millennial climate oscillations controlled the structure and evolution of Termination II

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Domínguez-Villar ◽  
Juan A. Vázquez-Navarro ◽  
Kristina Krklec ◽  
Sonja Lojen ◽  
José A. López-Sáez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Seesaw Mechanism ◽  
Climate Oscillations ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Heinrich Event ◽  
Climate Interactions ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Climate Events

Abstract The controls that affect the structure and timing of terminations are still poorly understood. We studied a tufa deposit from the Iberian Peninsula that covers Termination II (T-II) and whose chronology was synchronized to speleothem records. We used the same chronology to synchronize ocean sediments from the North Atlantic to correlate major climate events in a common timescale. We identify two stages within T-II. The first stage started with the increase of boreal summer integrated solar insolation, and during this stage three millennial climate oscillations were recorded. These oscillations resulted from complex ocean–atmosphere interactions in the Nordic seas, caused by the progressive decay of Northern Hemisphere ice-sheets. The second stage commenced after a glacial outburst that caused the collapse of the Thermohaline Circulation, a massive Heinrich event, and the onset of the Bipolar Seesaw Mechanism (BSM) that eventually permitted the completion of T-II. The pace of the millennial oscillations during the first stage of T-II controlled the onset of the second stage, when the termination became a non-reversible and global phenomenon that accelerated the deglaciation. During the last the two terminations, the BSM was triggered by different detailed climate interactions, which suggests the occurrence of different modes of terminations.

Signs of polichnous deformations in microstructures of carbonate rocks of the Katav-Yuryuzan zone of transpression (Southern Urals)

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
A. V. Tevelev ◽  
A. A. Borisenko ◽  
M. I. Erokhina ◽  
S. S. Popov ◽  
I. A. Kosheleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Shear ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Two Stages

The Katav-Ivanovsk transpression zone experienced at least two stages of tectonic deformations, and the sequence of deformations was approximately the same throughout the entire zone — from the Bakal-Satka fault in the south to the Suleimsky fault in the north. Three stages of the formation of parageneses were identified. The parageneses of the first and the second stages were formed in a pure shear environment, and the paragenesis of the third stage — in a simple shear environment. There are stylolites (S1) parallel to bedding, and mineral veins (V1) in the paragenesis of the first stage. Paragenesis of the second stage combines stylolites (S2), mineral veins (V2) and intergranular cleavage (S2). In paragenesis of the third stage were distinguished schistosity (S3), milonites (S3), cataclasites, mica packets (SC-textures), and the rotation structures of porphyroblasts.

Main trends in transformation of Central Asian macroregion ethnic space from 1897 to 2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
A.G. Manakov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Population Counts

The main trends in the ethnic transformation of the post-Soviet space were set long before the collapse of the Soviet Union. The most striking example of this is the process of ethnic transformation in the macroregion, including the territory of the young states of Central Asia (Kazakhstan and the republics of Middle Asia). The aim of the study is to identify the main trends in the transformation of the ethnic space of the Central Asian macroregion over a 120-year interval. For this, a set of ethnic indicators (ethnic mosaic, homogeneity, concentration, etc.) were used, calculated according to the results of censuses and population counts, as well as the methods which have been created in Russian cultural geography. As a part of the study period, two stages were distinguished, characterized by directly opposite trends in the transformation of the ethnic space of the macroregion. The first stage lasted until the end of the 1950s. It was characterized by a decrease in the share of the titular nations of the republics as a result of a significant migration influx of the population from outside the macroregion, which led to an increase in the degree of multi-ethnicity of the territory. Since the 1960s an increase in the share of the titular nations of the republics began, which was a consequence of the demographic explosion of the indigenous population and the migration outflow of non-titular peoples of the republics, and the concentration of titular ethnic groups within their republics increased. The most significant ethnic restructuring throughout the period was experienced by Kazakhstan and the North of Kyrgyzstan. In the second stage the ethnic structure of the population has undergone a radical transformation of all large cities in the macroregion underwent.

scholarly journals Coverage of the Arctic Development in Russian Mass Media Discourse (by the example of Rossiyskaya Gazeta)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-746
Author(s):  
Natalia Avdonina ◽  
Svetlana Dolgoborodova
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Specific Reason

The trends in the official Russian arctic media discourse reflect a sustainable public interest to the issues of the Arctic national development, as well as to the geo-political situation and Russia’s military buildup in the North. The article analyzes the trends in the coverage of Arctic-related issues in the official Russian discourse by the example of “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” — the official print newspaper of RF government. The study covers the period of 2001–2018, which is characterized by topicality of arctic discourse. The dynamics of the discourse can be visibly divided into two stages. The first stage started in 2001 and finished in 2007 with the Russian expedition “Arctic-2007”, which planted the flag of the Russian Federation on the bottom of the Arctic Ocean. The discourse of the stage features low frequency of publications on the topic and neutral emotional text sentiment. The discourse of the second stage (2008–2018) exhibits a noticeably wider topical range of publications on Arctic-related issues, as well as their reactionary and agonic spirit. The analysis resulted in an inference that the publications on Arctic-related problems in the newspaper reflect the official position of RF authorities, and have a specific-reason character.

Spatio-Temporal Variations of Aerosol Optical Depth over Areas Around Beijing in Recent 14 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 843-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Xin Ming Tang ◽  
Wei Cao ◽  
Zhi Ying Xie ◽  
Jing Han Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Two Stages

Based on the monthly data of MODIS Level 3, the spatio-temporal variabilities of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) over areas around Beijing have been analyzed from March 2000 to December 2013. The results presented that: (1) In the past 14 years , the annual mean AODs vary between 0.428 and 0.550; The recent 14 years can be divided into two stages, the first stage is 2000-2007, which shows an increasing trend with an increase rate of 1.349%, while the second stage is 2008-2013, which shows an decreasing trend with a decrease rate of 1.483%; Summer has the maximum AOD, but shows a decreasing trend, while winter has the minimum AOD, but shows an increasing trend. (2) AODs over the south are higher than the north, high AODs are mainly distributed along the southwest of Hebei and southwest of Shandong with an AOD of 0.72, while low AODs are mainly distributed along the north of Hebei and the north of Shanxi with an AOD of 0.23; The spatial distribution of AOD varies with the seasons, AODs are high in spring, and are maximized in summer, then show a significant decrease from summer to autumn, while are minimized in winter.

scholarly journals Developing poster based on diversity of Nepenthes in Padat Karya Forest Krayan, North Kalimantan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Silfia Ilma ◽  
Zulfadli Zulfadli ◽  
Superli Superli ◽  
Darius Rupa
Keyword(s):  
Main Product ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Need Analysis ◽  
Index Value ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Research Stage

Nepenthes is a unique carnivores plant that can be found in Padat Karya forest, Krayan at the North Kalimantan. The existence of these plants can be used as a media of learning so that learning activities become more contextual. The aims of this study are 1) to know the diversity of Nepenthes in Padat Karya forest, 2) to determine the feasibility of learning media in the form of poster developed from the results of the Nepenthes diversity research. This research consisted of two stages. The first was research stage which involved inventory, identification, and diversity index determination of Nepenthes. The second stage was development research i.e developing the results gained from the first stage into poster form. The research and development model employed in this study was the modified-Borg and Gall (2006) model. There were five steps conducted, namely (1) need analysis, (2) planning, (3) develop the preliminary form of product, (4) preliminary field testing, and (5) main product revision. The results showed that the diversity index value of Nepenthes was categorized as ‘medium’. In addition, based on the validation and response obtained, the poster developed was feasible to be utilized as a learning media in senior high school.

Unstable Behavior of the Laurentide Ice Sheet over Deforming Sediment and Its Implications for Climate Change

1994 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter U. Clark
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Laurentide Ice Sheet ◽  
North Atlantic Region ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Climate Oscillations ◽  
Unstable Behavior ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

AbstractGeologic records of fluctuations of the Laurentide ice sheet margin following the most recent glacial maximum (ca. 20,000 14C yr B.P.) identify fundamental differences in ice-sheet behavior depending on subglacial bed conditions. Rapid and irregular icemargin fluctuations occurred only over areas of deforming sediment, indicating nonclimatic forcing controlled by the inherent instability of coupled ice sheet-deforming sediment dynamics. In contrast, largely uninterrupted ice-margin retreat with no evidence of significant readvance occurred over rigid-bed areas, indicating stable behavior. Unstable ice-sheet behavior was most pronounced from 15,000 until 10,000 14C yr B.P., by which time most of the ice margin had retreated onto a rigid bed. Unstable ice-sheet behavior would have been an integral component in controlling variable fluxes of icebergs and meltwater, as well as meltwater routing, to the North Atlantic, thus affecting thermohaline circulation. The abrupt climate oscillations in the North Atlantic region that ended at 10,000 14C yr B.P. may thus have their origin in the inherently unstable behavior of the Laurentide ice sheet overriding deforming sediment.

Altered Fine Structure of B Lymphocytes Correlated with Defective Terminal Differentiation

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 386-387
Author(s):  
Dale E. Bockman ◽  
L. Y. Frank Wu ◽  
Alexander R. Lawton ◽  
Max D. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Deficiency Diseases ◽  
Cell Line Generation

B-lymphocytes normally synthesize small amounts of immunoglobulin, some of which is incorporated into the cell membrane where it serves as receptor of antigen. These cells, on contact with specific antigen, proliferate and differentiate to plasma cells which synthesize and secrete large quantities of immunoglobulin. The two stages of differentiation of this cell line (generation of B-lymphocytes and antigen-driven maturation to plasma cells) are clearly separable during ontogeny and in some immune deficiency diseases. The present report describes morphologic aberrations of B-lymphocytes in two diseases in which second stage differentiation is defective.

Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering algorithm for cluster head selection (DEEEC)

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8139-8147
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Arun ◽  
Rangaswamy Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Energy Efficient Clustering ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Ch Selection

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) the energy of Sensor nodes is not certainly sufficient. In order to optimize the endurance of WSN, it is essential to minimize the utilization of energy. Head of group or Cluster Head (CH) is an eminent method to develop the endurance of WSN that aggregates the WSN with higher energy. CH for intra-cluster and inter-cluster communication becomes dependent. For complete, in WSN, the Energy level of CH extends its life of cluster. While evolving cluster algorithms, the complicated job is to identify the energy utilization amount of heterogeneous WSNs. Based on Chaotic Firefly Algorithm CH (CFACH) selection, the formulated work is named “Novel Distributed Entropy Energy-Efficient Clustering Algorithm”, in short, DEEEC for HWSNs. The formulated DEEEC Algorithm, which is a CH, has two main stages. In the first stage, the identification of temporary CHs along with its entropy value is found using the correlative measure of residual and original energy. Along with this, in the clustering algorithm, the rotating epoch and its entropy value must be predicted automatically by its sensor nodes. In the second stage, if any member in the cluster having larger residual energy, shall modify the temporary CHs in the direction of the deciding set. The target of the nodes with large energy has the probability to be CHs which is determined by the above two stages meant for CH selection. The MATLAB is required to simulate the DEEEC Algorithm. The simulated results of the formulated DEEEC Algorithm produce good results with respect to the energy and increased lifetime when it is correlated with the current traditional clustering protocols being used in the Heterogeneous WSNs.

Analisis Kebutuhan Petunjuk Praktikum Berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains untuk Mencapai Kemampuan Merancang Eksperimen

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitriah Khoirunnisa ◽  
Friska Septiani Silitonga ◽  
Veri Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Core Competence ◽  
Process Skills ◽  
Learning Materials ◽  
Science Process Skills ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Core Competence ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Practical Instruction ◽  
Design Experiments

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebutuhan petunjuk praktikum berbasis Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) untuk mencapai kemampuan merancang eksperimen pada materi kalor reaksi kalorimetri. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap peserta didik kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Kota Tanjungpinang. Variabel penelitian mencakup analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dan analisis kesesuaian Kompetensi Inti (KI) dan Kompetensi Dasar (KD). Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tahapan pertama dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kebutuhan bahan ajar dengan cara membandingkan dua petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini telah digunakan di sekolah tersebut, ditinjau dari aspek struktur format penulisan, aspek kreativitas, dan aspek keterampilan proses sains yang terdapat dalam petunjuk praktikum. Sehingga didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa petunjuk praktikum yang selama ini digunakan tidak memberikan kesempatan kepada peserta didiknya untuk merancang eksperimen yang telah ditentukan. Tahapan kedua yaitu menganalisis kesesuaian kompetensi inti dan kompetensi dasar, yang bertujuan untuk menentukan indikator pencapaian kompetensi (IPK) yang akan menjadi acuan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum berbasis keterampilan proses sains. Dari kedua tahapan yang telah dilakukan maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa peserta didik memerlukan petunjuk praktikum yang mampu mengonstruksi pikiran dan mengaktifkan kinerja mereka, sehingga pendekatan Keterampilan Proses Sains menjadi pilihan dalam mengembangkan petunjuk praktikum yang sesuai dengan karakteristik kurikulum 2013.   This research aims to analyze the needs of Science Process Skills based Practical Instruction to achieve the ability to design experiments on the calor of reaction. This research was done to the students of class XI SMA Negeri 2 Tanjungpinang City. Research Variable includes the analysis of the needs of the learning materials and analysis of the suitability of the Core Competence (KI) and Basic Competence (KD). The type of research conducted is descriptive qualitative research. The first stages in this research is to analyze the needs of learning materials by comparing two practical instructions that had been implementing in the school, from the aspects of the structure of writing format, creativity, and science process skills embedded in practical instructions. The conclusion of this research that current practical instructions does not give an opportunity to the participants to design determined experiments. The second stage, namely analyzing the suitability of core competence and basic competence, which aims to determine the indicators of achievement of the competencies (GPA) which will be a reference in developing process skills-based teaching instructions science. Of the two stages that has been done then it can be concluded that learners need practical instructions to construct  thinking and and their performance, so the Science Process Skills approach is an option in developing practical instruction suitable for the characteristics of the curriculum of 2013.

ESTIMATING GAS AND ROCK OUTBURST RISK ON THE BASIS OF KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE – THE EXPERT SYSTEM BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Skoczylas
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Automatic Assessment ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Outburst Hazard

Abstract The Author endeavored to consult some of the Polish experts who deal with assessing and preventing outburst hazards as to their knowledge and experience. On the basis of this knowledge, an expert system, based on fuzzy logic, was created. The system allows automatic assessment of outburst hazard. The work was completed in two stages. The first stage involved researching relevant sources and rules concerning outburst hazard, and, subsequently, determining a number of parameters measured or observed in the mining industry that are potentially connected with the outburst phenomenon and can be useful when estimating outburst hazard. Then, the Author contacted selected experts who are actively involved in preventing outburst hazard, both in the industry and science field. The experts were anonymously surveyed, which made it possible to select the parameters which are the most essential in assessing outburst hazard. The second stage involved gaining knowledge from the experts by means of a questionnaire-interview. Subjective opinions on estimating outburst hazard on the basis of the parameters selected during the first stage were then systematized using the structures typical of the expert system based on fuzzy logic.

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