Responses of different functional tests in candidates for bariatric surgery and the association with body composition, metabolic and lipid profile

AbstractIndividuals with obesity can have metabolic disorders and may develop impairments that affect the ability to exercise. The maximal incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test is widely used to assess functional capacity. However, submaximal tests such as the two-minute step test (2MST) and the six-minute walk test (6MWT) also allow this assessment. We propose to analyze whether body composition, metabolic and lipid profile influence the maximal and submaximal performance, and investigate these variables in response to different functional tests. Forty-four individuals with obesity, aged 18–50 years, underwent analysis of body composition, metabolic and lipid profile, incremental treadmill test (ITMT), 6MWT, and 2MST. One-way ANOVA, Pearson or Spearman correlation, and Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were performed. ITMT induced a greater metabolic, ventilatory, cardiovascular, and perceived exertion demand when compared to the 6MWT and 2MST (p < 0.05). In addition, 2MST elicited a higher chronotropic (HR) and metabolic (V̇O2) demand when compared to the 6MWT (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found between tests and body composition, metabolic and lipid profile. Fat mass and low-density lipoprotein can explain 30% of the V̇O2 variance in the ITMT; and fat mass, glucose, and performance in the 2MST can explain 42% of the variance of the distance walked in the ITMT. Obesity and its metabolic impairments are capable of influencing responses to exercise. ITMT generated greater demand due to the high stress imposed, however, 2MST demanded greater metabolic and chronotropic demand when compared to the 6MWT.

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Leptin Levels, Basal Metabolic Rates, and Insulin Resistance in Obese Pubertal Children

International Journal of Nutrology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1713796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (01) ◽

pp. 017-023

Author(s):

Elisabete Vieira Conterato ◽

Tania Diniz Machado ◽

Carlos Alberto Nogueira-de-Almeida ◽

Elza Daniel Mello

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Basal Metabolic Rate ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Obese Children

Abstract Introduction Obesity in children and adolescents is considered a serious public health problem. The consequences of overweight can last for life. It is extremely important to have formulas to calculate the basal metabolic rate (BMR) that are truly reliable in relation to the individual caloric expenditure. Objectives To investigate the association of serum levels of leptin, lipid profile, and insulin resistance (insuline resistance by Homeostatic Model Assessment [HOMA] index) with the body mass index (BMI) z-score of pubertal obese children. In addition, to compare the basal metabolic rate (BMR) evaluation carried out using bioimpedance (BIA) with the Food and Agricultural Organization/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO) equation. Methods Cross-sectional study including 37 pubertal obese children (aged 7 to 12 years old) seen for the first time in the outpatient care unit specialized in child obesity between June 2013 and April 2014. The participants were assessed regarding anthropometric data, body composition (fat mass) by BIA 310 bioimpedance analyzer (Biodynamic Body Composition Analyser, model 310 - Biodynamics Corporation, Seattle, EUA), and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected to measure glucose, insulin, lipid profile, triglycerides, and leptin. The stage of sexual maturity was determined by self-assessment according to the Tanner scale. Results Higher leptin levels were found in the severe obesity group (p = 0.007) and, as expected, higher BMI (p < 0.001), and fat mass (p = 0.029). The groups did not differ in relation to insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and blood pressure. The BMR measured by bioimpedance was lower as compared to the measure by the FAO/WHO equation (p < 0.001). Conclusions These results suggest that severely obese children may present leptin resistance in this early stage of life, (since this hormone is higher in these children). It is suggested that health professionals prioritize the calculation of BMR by bioimpedance, since the FAO/WHO equation seems to overestimate the caloric values.

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Elevated Plasma Concentrations of Vitamin D-Binding Protein Are Associated with Lower High-Density Lipoprotein and Higher Fat Mass Index in Overweight and Obese Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13093223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 3223

Author(s):

Leila Setayesh ◽

Abbas Amini ◽

Reza Bagheri ◽

Nariman Moradi ◽

Habib Yarizadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density ◽

Obese Women ◽

Vitamin D Binding Protein ◽

Fat Mass Index

(1) Background: Observational studies have established that vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D) concentrations are the major factors affecting the bioavailability of 25(OH)D. It has also been shown that poor 25(OH)D bioavailability elevates the risk of obesity and its related cardio-metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between 25(OH)D and DBP concentrations with cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese cohorts has not been established. Consequently, we evaluated the association between DBP and 25(OH)D concentrations with lipid profile, blood pressure (BP), and body composition in overweight and obese women. (2) Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 236 overweight and obese women, DBP and 25(OH)D concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis. Lipid profile and BP were assessed by an auto-analyzer and digital BP monitor, respectively. The associations were examined by multivariate logistic regression. (3) Results: The indicated showed an inverse relationship between DBP and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.010) concentrations (where individuals with higher DBP had lower HDL) which, after adjusting for possible cofounders, remained significant (p = 0.006). Moreover, DBP concentration was positively associated with fat mass index (FMI) after adjustment (p = 0.022). No significant relationships were observed among 25(OH)D and target variables. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, lower concentrations of HDL and higher values of FMI are associated with higher concentrations of DBP in overweight and obese women. These findings present novel awareness regarding the association of DBP with some metabolic and body composition variables in overweight and obese women. However, a two-way causal relationship between DBP and target variables should be considered.

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Modelling the Additivity of Perceived Exertion in Symmetric, Mid-Sagittal Lifting

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193129403801017 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 38 (10) ◽

pp. 621-625 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brian D. Lowe

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Whole Body ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Perceived Effort ◽

Repetitive Lifting ◽

The Relationship ◽

Whole Body Exertion ◽

Lifting Task

Psychophysical approaches to quantifying perceived effort have been used to evaluate the physical demand of many industrial work activities. An experiment was conducted to examine the relationship between ratings of whole-body perceived exertion and differentiated, regional ratings of exertion. The Borg, CR-10 scale was used by 16 subjects performing a simulated repetitive lifting task. Ratings of perceived exertion were obtained for the arms, legs, torso, and central (cardiorespiratory) effort sensations as well as a rating of overall, whole-body exertion. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to predict the whole-body rating of exertion from the differentiated ratings in lifting tasks using both a squat and stoop posture. In the stoop posture condition the coefficient of determination between whole-body perceived exertion and the model including arm, torso, and central ratings was R2=0.81. In the squat posture condition, the final regression model predicting whole-body exertion contained only the rating from the legs (R2 = 0.62). Differentiated ratings explained the majority of the variance in whole-body perceived exertion for squat and stoop lifting tasks.

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Beneficial effects of an intradialytic cycling training program in patients with end-stage kidney disease

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2014-0357 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 550-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Carole Groussard ◽

Myriam Rouchon-Isnard ◽

Céline Coutard ◽

Fanny Romain ◽

Ludivine Malardé ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Control Group ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Cycling Training ◽

Training Protocol

In chronic kidney disease (CKD), oxidative stress (OS) plays a central role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. This pilot program aimed to determine whether an intradialytic aerobic cycling training protocol, by increasing physical fitness, could reduce OS and improve other CKD-related disorders such as altered body composition and lipid profile. Eighteen hemodialysis patients were randomly assigned to either an intradialytic training (cycling: 30 min, 55%–60% peak power, 3 days/week) group (EX; n = 8) or a control group (CON; n = 10) for 3 months. Body composition (from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), physical fitness (peak oxygen uptake and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT)), lipid profile (triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)), and pro/antioxidant status (15-F2α-isoprostanes (F2-IsoP) and oxidized LDL in plasma; superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduced/oxidized glutathione in erythrocytes) were determined at baseline and 3 months later. The intradialytic training protocol did not modify body composition but had significant effects on physical fitness, lipid profile, and pro/antioxidant status. Indeed, at 3 months: (i) performance on the 6MWT was increased in EX (+23.4%, p < 0.001) but did not change in CON, (ii) plasma TG were reduced in EX (–23%, p < 0.03) but were not modified in CON, and (iii) plasma F2-IsoP concentrations were lower in EX than in CON (–35.7%, p = 0.02). In conclusion, our results show that 30 min of intradialytic training, 3 times per week for 3 months, are enough to exert beneficial effects on the most sensitive and reliable marker of lipid peroxidation (IsoP) while improving CKD-associated disorders (lipid profile and physical fitness). Intradialytic aerobic cycling training represents a useful and easy strategy to reduce CKD-associated disorders. These results need to be confirmed with a larger randomized study.

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Obesity, smoking status and their relationships in selected population groups

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny ◽

10.32394/rpzh.2021.0173 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 291-299

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Severe Obesity ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Average Value ◽

Copd Patients ◽

The Mean

Background. Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity is associated with many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and recently the role of overweight and obesity in lung disease has received new interest. Chronic obstructive lung disease is the third-leading cause of death globally, and both obesity and diet appear to play roles in its pathophysiology. Cross-sectional studies have demonstrated an inverse association between obesity and the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between smoking, lipid profile and obesity (body composition changes) in a selected groups of population (30 non-smokers, 30 smokers and 60 COPD patients). Material and Methods. We evaluated fat mass, fat free mass, body mass index and lipid profile in a group of 120 randomly selected probands (60 COPD patients; 30 smokers without COPD; 30 non-smokers without COPD) to identify possible negative relationships of smoking to body composition. To the measurement of fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) was used a device Bodystat Quadscan 4000 (Bodystat Ltd, British Isles). The device works by using four-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. Laboratory parameters as total cholesterol (T-C), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C) and triacylglycerols (TG) were investigated by automated clinical chemistry analyzer LISA 200th. The measured values were statistically processed and evaluated in a statistical program STATISTICA Cz. Version 7.1. (Kruskall-Wallis test). Results. A comparison of the mean fat mass we found statistically highly significant differences between the group of COPD patients and non-smokers (P <0.001) and insignificant differences (P ≥ 0.05) between the other groups of our experiment. A comparison of the mean fat mass values of all three groups of the experiment shows a steady increase in fat from non-smokers (17.66 ± 10.04 kg) to COPD patients with the highest mean value (25.08 ± 10.14 kg). In the group of COPD patients we recorded the lowest average value of FFM (51.76 ± 13.84 kg), in group of smokers the middle (56.06 ± 10.76 kg) and in non-smokers the highest average value of FFM (59.91 ± 9.90 kg) at relatively the same body weight in the groups. Based on calculated body mass index (BMI), we found in group of COPD patients overweight in 15 cases (25%), obesity in 7 patients (11.67%), severe obesity in 14 patients (23.3%) and morbid obesity in 2 patients (3.33%); in the group of smokers overweight in 16 cases (53.33%), obesity in 5 cases (16.6%) and severe obesity in 1 case (3.33%); in non-smokers we recording overweight in 14 cases (46.67%), obesity in 5 cases (16.67%) and severe obesity in 2 cases (6.67%). In the lipid profile of the monitored groups of probands, we observed statistically significant differences only for LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). There was a statistically significant difference (P <0.001) between the group with COPD and smokers, as well as between the group of smokers and non-smokers (P < 0.05). Conclusions. In the vast majority of patients with COPD, the lung damage that leads to COPD is caused by long-term cigarette smoking. The presence and absence of risk factors such as smoking, inappropriate lipid profile and obesity (amount of fat mass) in selected population groups were observed. Additional studies to explore both the quantitative and qualitative changes in body composition with disease process of COPD are required.

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Lutein supplementation combined with a low calorie diet in the middle-aged obese individuals: effects on anthropometric indices, body composition, and metabolic parameters

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114520004997 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-32

Author(s):

Fatemeh Hajizadeh-Sharafabad ◽

Ali Tarighat-Esfanjani ◽

Zohreh Ghoreishi ◽

Mehrnoosh Sarreshtedari

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Placebo Group ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Anthropometric Indices ◽

Low Calorie Diet ◽

Calorie Diet

Abstract Lutein is considered as a major biologically active carotenoid, with potential benefits for obesity and cardiometabolic health. This double-blind, randomized controlled trial aimed to assess whether the consumption of lutein along with a low calorie diet (LCD) can influence anthropometric indices, body composition, and metabolic parameters in obese middle-aged individuals. After a 2-week run-in period with an LCD, 48 participants aged 45–65 y were randomly assigned to consume 20 mg/d lutein or placebo along with LCD for 10 weeks. Dietary intake, anthropometric indices, body composition, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis parameters, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), and appetite sensations were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. After 10 weeks, body weight, and waist circumference significantly decreased in both groups, although between-group differences were not significant. There was a more decrease in the percentage of body fat in the lutein group vs. the placebo group. Moreover, the placebo group experienced a significant reduction in fat free mass (FFM), whereas lutein group preserved FFM during calorie restriction, although between-group difference did not reach statistical significance. Visceral fat and serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly decreased only in the lutein group, with a statistically significant difference between two arms only for TC. No significant changes were observed in the triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, glucose homeostasis parameters, NEFAs, and appetite sensations. Lutein supplementation in combination with an LCD could improve body composition and lipid profile in obese middle-aged individuals.

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Body Composition, Lipid Profile, Adipokine Concentration, and Antioxidant Capacity Changes during Interventions to Treat Overweight with Exercise Programme and Whole-Body Cryostimulation

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2015/803197 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Anna Lubkowska ◽

Wioleta Dudzińska ◽

Iwona Bryczkowska ◽

Barbara Dołęgowska

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Exercise Programme ◽

Whole Body ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Obese People ◽

Sod Activity

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of six-month-long physical exercise programme with a two-time exposure to whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) in 20 sessions on antioxidant enzyme activities, lipid profile, and body composition changes in obese people (30 adult subjects; BMI = 30.39 ± 4.31 kg/m2). Blood samples were taken before the programme, one month following the exercise programme, before and after the first WBC treatment, six months following the exercise programme, after the second WBC treatment, and finally one month after the intervention. Six months of moderate aerobic activity combined with WBC did not change body mass or fat and lean body mass percentages, or circulating adiponectin, leptin, and resistin concentrations. In response to intervention a significant decrease in the level of low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides was observed, with a slight increase in high-density lipoprotein concentration. The nature of changes in the activity of respective antioxidant enzymes was not identical. After one month of increased physical activity, a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione reductase activities was observed (13%, 8%, and 70%, resp.). The SOD activity increased significantly after successive whole-body cryostimulation sessions. As regards catalase, a significant progressive decrease in its activity was observed.

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Vascular Reactivity in Hypogonadal Men Is Reduced by Androgen Substitution

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2002-020504 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 87 (11) ◽

pp. 5030-5037 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Michael Zitzmann ◽

Maik Brune ◽

Eberhard Nieschlag

Keyword(s):

Vascular Reactivity ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Body Height ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Control Group ◽

Substitution Therapy ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

High Blood Glucose

Abstract The effect of testosterone (T) substitution therapy on blood vessel functions in relation to cardiovascular disease has not been fully elucidated. In 36 newly diagnosed nonsmoking hypogonadal men (37.5 ± 12.7 yr) endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilatation (FMD; decreased in atherosclerosis) of the brachial artery was assessed before treatment and after 3 months of T substitution therapy (250 mg testosterone enanthate im every 2 wk in 19 men, human chorionic gonadotropin sc twice per week in 17 men). Twenty nonsmoking controls matched for age, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), body height, and baseline diameter of the artery were selected for repeated measurements from a larger eugonadal control group (n = 113). In hypogonadal men, basal FMD (17.9 ± 4.5%) was significantly higher than in the large (11.9 ± 6.4%) and matched control (11.8 ± 7.1%, both P < 0.001) groups. Grouped multiple linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative association of T levels with FMD within the hypogonadal range, but no significant association was seen within the eugonadal range. During substitution therapy, T levels increased from 5.8 ± 2.3 to 17.2 ± 5.1 nmol/liter and FMD decreased significantly to 8.6 ± 3.1% (P < 0.001, analysis for covariance for repeated measurements including matched controls). LDL-C and advanced age contributed significantly to decrease FMD (P = 0.01, P = 0.04, respectively). Because T substitution adversely affects this important predictor of atherosclerosis, other contributing factors (such as smoking, high blood glucose, and LDL-C) should be eliminated or strictly controlled during treatment of hypogonadal men.

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Aerobic exercise-induced changes in body composition and blood lipids in young women

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina46020019 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 129 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Arvydas Stasiulis ◽

Asta Mockienė ◽

Daiva Vizbaraitė ◽

Pranas Mockus

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Body Fat Mass ◽

Cycling Training

The objective of the study was to assess changes in body composition, blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 18–24-year-old women during the period of two-month aerobic cycling training. Material and methods. Young, healthy, nonsmoking women (n=19) volunteered to participate in this study. They were divided in two groups: experimental (E, n=10) and control (C, n=9). The subjects of group E exercised 3 times a week with intensity of the first ventilatory threshold and duration of 60 min. The group C did not exercise regularly over a two-month period of the experiment. The subjects of group E were tested before and after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks of the experiment. The participants of group C were tested twice with an eight-week interval. Results. Body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and triacylglycerol (TAG) concentration decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-ch) concentration increased after the 8-week training program in the experimental group (P<0.05). Blood total cholesterol (Tch) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-ch) concentrations did not change significantly. Body weight and body mass index started to decrease after 2 weeks of the experiment, but significant changes were observed only after 6 and 8 weeks. Body fat mass was significantly decreased after 2 and 8 weeks of aerobic training. A significant increase in HDL-ch concentration was observed after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. A significant decrease in TAG concentration was observed after 2-week training. No significant changes in all the parameters except TAG (it was slightly increased) were seen in the control group. Conclusions. The two-month aerobic cycling training (within VT1, 60-min duration, three times a week) may induce significant changes in the parameters of body composition – body weight, body mass index, body fat mass, and blood lipids – in young women. The following significant changes were observed: TAG level decreased after 2 weeks, body mass and body mass index decreased after 6 weeks, body fat mass decreased and HDL-ch level increased after 8 weeks. Peak oxygen uptake increased after 4 weeks.

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The Effect of Pilates Training on Body Composition, Lipid Profile, and Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Inactive Overweight Women

Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.5812/zjrms.100502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Mojdeh Khajehlandi ◽

Robabeh Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Body Composition ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Training Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

25 Hydroxy Vitamin D

Background: The increasing prevalence of overweight and related diseases has gained more scientific attention. Overweight and obesity are known as a threat to health, and low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels is associated with obesity. Objectives: Therefore, we examined the effect of Pilates training on body composition, lipid profile, and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in inactive overweight women. Methods: In this clinical study, 28 overweight women were randomly divided into a training group (n = 14) and a control group (n = 14). Pilates training was performed three 60-min sessions during 12 weeks. In two stages, blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the last protocol exercise training session. During the 12 weeks, the control group had no exercise training. For analyzing within- and between-group changes, paired t-test and ANCOVA with the significant level of P < 0.05 were used, respectively. Results: After 12 weeks of Pilates training in the training group compared to the control group, there was a significant decrease in the body mass index (P = 0.005), cholesterol (P = 0.001) and triglyceride (P = 0.001) values, and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels (P = 0.005), while high-density lipoprotein (P = 0.028) increased significantly. However, no significant change was observed in low-density lipoprotein levels (P = 0.435). Conclusions: According to the results, it can be indicated that 12 weeks of Pilates training have improved serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, changed anthropometry, and lipid profile in inactive overweight women.

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