scholarly journals Amorphous cellulose nanofiber supercapacitors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Fukuhara ◽  
Tomoyuki Kuroda ◽  
Fumihiko Hasegawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Hashida ◽  
Mitsuhiro Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Amorphous Cellulose ◽  
Quantum Size ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Nano Electromechanical System ◽  
Offset Effect

AbstractDespite the intense interest in cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) for biomedical and engineering applications, no research findings about the electrical energy storage of CNF have been reported yet. Here, we present the first electroadsorption effects of an amorphous cellulose nanofiber (ACF) supercapacitor, which can store a large amount of electricity (221 mJm−2, 13.1 Wkg−1). The electric storage can be attributed to the entirely enhanced electroadsorption owing to a quantum-size effect by convexity of 17.9 nm, an offset effect caused by positive polar C6=O6 radicles, and an electrostatic effect by appearance of the localised electrons near the Na ions. The supercapacitor also captures both positive and negative electricity from the atmosphere and in vacuum. The supercapacitor could illuminate a red LED for 1 s after charging it with 2 mA at 10 V. Further gains might be attained by integrating CNF specimens with a nano-electromechanical system (NEMS).

Fiber Orientation Control by Stretching in Cellulose Nanofiber Green Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 754 ◽  
pp. 135-138
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Takagi ◽  
Antonio Norio Nakagaito ◽  
Yuya Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Orientation ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Nanofiber Alignment

The presence of nanoscale cellulosic fiber; namely cellulose nanofiber, increases year by year because the mechanical and physical properties are believed to be comparable to those of common glass fibers. On the other hand, most of the reported strength data for the cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polymeric composite materials was not as high as expected. In order to obtain high-strength cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polymer composites, we tried to optimize the fiber orientation of cellulose nanofibers in poly (vinyl alcohol)-based polymer matrix by using a repeated mechanical stretching treatment. The fiber orientation of cellulose nanofibers in the poly (vinyl alcohol) matrix can be modified by changing the total amount of stretching strain applied during the multiple stretching treatments. The degree of fiber alignment was directly evaluated by observing the cellulose nanofibers on the sample surface with a digital microscope. The efficacy of proposed nanofiber alignment control has been explored experimentally and theoretically. The tensile strength and modulus of the cellulosic nanocomposites after applying the multiple stretching treatments increased by approximately 80% and 40% respectively, as compared with those of the untreated nanocomposites.

Development of green nanocomposites reinforced by cellulose nanofibers extracted from paper sludge

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1540025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Takagi ◽  
Antonio N. Nakagaito ◽  
Kazuya Kusaka ◽  
Yuya Muneta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Mechanical Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

Cellulose nanofibers have been showing much greater potential to enhance the mechanical and physical properties of polymer-based composite materials. The purpose of this study is to extract the cellulose nanofibers from waste bio-resources; such as waste newspaper and paper sludge. The cellulosic raw materials were treated chemically and physically in order to extract individualized cellulose nanofiber. The combination of acid hydrolysis and following mechanical treatment resulted in the extraction of cellulose nanofibers having diameter of about 40 nm. In order to examine the reinforcing effect of the extracted cellulose nanofibers, fully biodegradable green nanocomposites were fabricated by composing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin with the extracted cellulose nanofibers, and then the tensile tests were conducted. The results showed that the enhancement in mechanical properties was successfully obtained in the cellulose nanofiber/PVA green nanocomposites.

The Structure and the Mechanical Properties of a Newly Fabricated Cellulose-Nanofiber/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 1621 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Yukako Oishi ◽  
Atsushi Hotta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Aspect Ratios

ABSTRACTCellulose nanofibers (Cel-F) were extracted by a simple and harmless Star Burst (SB) method, which produced aqueous cellulose-nanofiber solution just by running original cellulose beads under a high pressure of water in the synthetic SB chamber. By optimizing the SB process conditions, the cellulose nanofibers with high aspect ratios and the small diameter of ∼23 nm were obtained, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the structural analysis of the Cel-F/PVA composite by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that the Cel-F were homogeneously dispersed in the PVA matrix. Considering the high molecular compatibility of the cellulose and PVA due to the hydrogen bonding, a good adhesive interface could be expected for the Cel-F and the PVA matrix. The influences of the morphological change in Cel-F on the mechanical properties of the composites were analysed. The Young’s modulus rapidly increased from 2.2 GPa to 2.9 GPa up to 40 SB treatments (represented by the unit Pass), whereas the Young’s modulus remained virtually constant above 40 Pass. Due to the uniform dispersibility of the Cel-F, the Young’s modulus of the 100 Pass composite at the concentration of 5 wt% increased up to 3.2 GPa. The experimental results corresponded well with the general theory of the composites with dispersed short-fiber fillers, which clearly indicated that the potential of the cellulose nanofibers as reinforcement materials for hydrophilic polymers was sufficiently confirmed.

A versatile method for producing functionalized cellulose nanofibers and their application

Nanoscale ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3753-3759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Huang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Shigenori Kuga ◽  
Min Wu ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Ball Milling ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
One Step

Individual dispersed cellulose nanofibers can be produced through ball milling by adding anhydride and DMAP in one step. By altering the type of anhydride, the cellulose nanofiber presents different surface properties and tailored compatibility with varied solvents or matrices, which greatly promote the massive applications of cellulose nanofibers.

scholarly journals Characterization of aqueous cellulose nanofiber dispersions from microscopy movie data of Brownian particles by trajectory analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiji Motohashi ◽  
Itsuo Hanasaki
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Dynamical Characteristics ◽  
Brownian Particles

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) are not directly visible by microscopes when dispersed in water, but the dynamical characteristics of suspended colloidal particles tells us the texture as well as the rheological properties of CNF dispersions beyond the viscosity.

scholarly journals Growth and Energy Use Efficiency of Grafted Tomato Transplants as Affected by LED Light Quality and Photon Flux Density

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Jianfeng Zheng ◽  
Peidian Gan ◽  
Fang Ji ◽  
Dongxian He ◽  
Po Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Red Led ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Led Lights

This study was conducted to compare the effects of broad spectrum during the whole seedling period and photon flux density (PFD) in the healing stage on the growth and energy use efficiency of grafted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in a plant factory. Fluorescent lights, white LED lights, and white plus red LED lights were applied at the growth processes of grafted tomato transplants from germination of rootstock and scion to post-grafting. Three levels of PFD (50, 100, 150 μmol m−2 s−1) were set in the healing stage under each kind of light quality. The results indicated that the growth and quality of grafted tomato transplants under different broad spectrums were influenced by the ratio of red to blue light (R/B ratio) and the ratio of red to far-red light (R/FR ratio). A higher R/B ratio was beneficial to total dry matter accumulation, but excessive red light had a negative effect on the root to shoot ratio and the seedling quality index. The higher blue light and R/FR ratio suppressed stem extension synergistically. The LED lights had good abilities to promote plant compactness and leaf thickness in comparison with fluorescent lights. The plant compactness and leaf thickness increased with the increase in daily light integral in the healing stage within a range from 2.5 to 7.5 mol m−2 d−1 (PFD, 50 to 150 μmol m−2 s−1). Compared to fluorescent lights, the LED lights showed more than 110% electrical energy saving for lighting during the whole seedling period. Higher PFD in the healing stage did not significantly increase the consumption of electric power for lighting. White plus red LED lights with an R/B ratio of 1.2 and R/FR ratio of 16 were suggested to replace fluorescent lights for grafted tomato transplants production considering the high quality of transplants and electrical energy saving, and PFD in the healing stage was recommended to be set to 150 μmol m−2 s−1.

Rice Straw Extracted Cellulose Biocompatible Nanofiber

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Matoore Lamani
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Human Skin Fibroblast ◽  
Sem Images

This article focuses on the electrospinning of nanofibers from rice straw as a renewable, cheap natural resource. To facilitate the formation of cellulose nanofiber, PVA was utilized as a secondary plasticizing polymer. The polymer solution contained 75% w/w cellulose and 25% w/w PVA using water/formic acid solvent resulting in 8% w/w solid content was successfully prepared as spinning solution. According to SEM images, temperature and voltage have significant impact in producing continuous cellulose nanofibers without beads. A microscopic observation reveals the formation of nanofiber with an average diameter of 177 ± 25 nm. This narrow diameter distribution is a direct outcome of temperature, voltage, volumetric flow rate and tip to collector distance adjustment respectively on 60, 25 kv, 1 µl/hr and 10 cm. The biocompatibility tests using human skin fibroblast cell culture demonstrate the nontoxicity of cellulose nanofiber scaffold compared to a control sample.

Recovery of Cellulose Nanofiber from Lignocellulosic Biomass: Recent Trends and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Majumdar ◽  
Umesh Mishra ◽  
Muthusivaramapandian Muthuraj ◽  
Biswanath Bhunia
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Tuning Strategy

Background: Plant is considered as an important feedstock for cellulose, although, algae can be used as reservoir for extraction of cellulose in its pure form. Cellulose nanofiber extracted from plant and algae gains more attention among researchers, due to their size in nano range, low cost for preparation, higher surface area available for tuning, outstanding mechanical properties and eco-friendly nature. However, the quality of nanofiber depends on extraction procedure and feedstock used for the extraction of them. Furthermore, the extracted nanofiber from lignocellulosic biomass is not compatible with liquid and polymeric matrices due to less amount of functional groups available on the surface of them. Therefore, it is urged to comprehend the explicit protocol required for extraction of highly resourceful nanofiber from specific lignocellulosic biomass and surface tuning strategy, which can augment their application in various fields. The present review targets to understand the various polysaccharides, lignin and production of cellulose nanofibers in an economical & efficient way with special attention on its implementation in environmental applications to mitigate the toxic pollutants from our surroundings. Methods: Research articles related to the cellulose types, feedstocks, physico-chemical features, various extraction and conversion techniques, functionalization methods, and applications on mitigating environmental pollution were collected and reviewed. This review article comprises sections which details various cellulose and nanocellulose types, feedtsocks, followed by their extraction, characterization and applications in mitigation of environmental issues such as heavy metal contaminations. Results: Studies highlighted in the article detailed types of extraction protocols, so far developed and strategies applied to improve the salient properties of nanofiber for specific applications are enlighten. Conclusion: The functionalized or modified cellulose and nanocellulose have gained significant interest attributed to their unique attributes, physico-chemical characteristics and efficiency in recovery of environmental pollutants. Thus, further exploitation of such natural resources in mitigation of various environmental issues and other realted applications are to be maximized.

A bionanocomposite based on 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane cellulose nanofiber cross-linked-quaternary polysulfone as an anion conducting membrane

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (40) ◽  
pp. 15554-15564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Das ◽  
Bang Ju Park ◽  
Hyon Hee Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Nanocomposite Membranes ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
Anion Conduction

Cellulose nanofibers cross-linked nanocomposite membranes with high anion conduction and good dimensional stability indicating good prospect for fuel cell applications.

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