Jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) mitigated Cd-toxicity in chickpea plants through restricted cd uptake and oxidative stress management

AbstractCadmium stress is one of the chief environmental cues that can substantially reduce plant growth. In the present research, we studied the effect of jasmonic acid (JA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) applied individually and/or in combination to chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants exposed to 150 µM cadmium sulphate. Cadmium stress resulted in reduced plant growth and pigment contents. Moreover, chickpea plants under cadmium contamination displayed higher levels of electrolytic leakage, H2O2, and malonaldehyde, as well as lower relative water content. Plants primed with JA (1 nM) and those foliar-fed with GA3 (10–6 M) showed improved metal tolerance by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, malonaldehyde and electrolytic leakage, and increasing relative water content. . Osmoprotectants like proline and glycinebetaine increased under cadmium contamination. Additionally, the enzymatic activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels increased markedly under Cd stress, but application of JA as well as of GA3 further improved these attributes. Enzymes pertaining to the ascorbate glutathione and glyoxylase systems increased significantly when the chickpea plants were exposed to Cd. However, JA and GA3 applied singly or in combination showed improved enzymatic activities as well as nutrient uptake, whereas they reduced the metal accumulation in chickpea plants. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that JA and GA3 are suitable agents for regulating Cd stress resistance in chickpea plants.

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Evaluation Effects of Different Planting Systems on Water Use Efficiency, Relative Water Content and some Plant Growth Parameters in Onion (Allium cepa L.)

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb213565 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 88-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mousa IZADKHAH ◽

Mehdi TAJBAKHSH ◽

Abdollah HASANZADEH GORATTEPH

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Content ◽

Water Use ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Relative Water ◽

Use Efficiency

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Effect of Salt-Tolerant Bacterial Inoculations on Rice Seedlings Differing in Salt-Tolerance under Saline Soil Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10071030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1030 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rakiba Shultana ◽

Ali Tan Kee Zuan ◽

Mohd Rafii Yusop ◽

Halimi Mohd Saud ◽

Arolu Fatai Ayanda

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Water Content ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Relative Water ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could be an alternative to alleviate salinity problems in rice plants grown in the coastal areas. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize salt-tolerant PGPR and observe their effects on the physiological and biochemical properties of rice plants grown under non-saline and saline glasshouse conditions. Three strains were selected based on their salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting properties under in vitro saline conditions. These strains were identified as Bacillus tequilensis (UPMRB9), Bacillus aryabhattai (UPMRE6), and Providencia stuartii (UPMRG1) using a 16S rRNA technique. The selected strains were inoculated to three different rice varieties, namely BRRI dhan67 (salt-tolerant), Putra-1 (moderate salt-tolerant), and MR297 (salt-susceptible) under glasshouse conditions. Results showed that the MR297 rice variety inoculated with UPMRB9 produced the highest total chlorophyll content, with an increment of 28%, and lowest electrolyte leakage of 92%. The Putra-1 rice variety also showed a 156% total dry matter increase with the inoculation of this bacterial strain. The highest increase of relative water content and reduction of Na/K ratio were found upon inoculation of UPMRE6 and UPMRB9, respectively. The biggest significant effects of these bacterial inoculations were on relative water content, electrolyte leakage, and the Na/K ratio of the BRRI dhan67 rice variety under saline conditions, suggesting a synergistic effect on the mechanisms of plant salt-tolerance. This study has shown that the application of locally-isolated salt-tolerant PGPR strains could be an effective long-term and sustainable solution for rice cultivation in the coastal areas, which are affected by global climate change.

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Changes in plant growth, leaf relative water content and physiological traits in response to salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha49112049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 12049

Author(s):

Tekam L. MEGUEKAM ◽

Dany P. MOUALEU ◽

Victor D. TAFFOUO ◽

Hartmut STÜTZEL

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Water Content ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Physiological Traits ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content

Salinity is the main environmental factor accountable for decreasing crop productivity worldwide. The effects of NaCl salinity on plant growth (leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf dry weight (LDW), shoot length (SL), number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB) and total leaf area (TLA) and physiological characteristics (stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (TR), net photosynthetic (Pn), yield of photosystem II (ΦPsII) and the intercellular CO2 concentration (CO2int) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties (‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and ‘Pl184948’, widely used in Cameroon, Tanzania and Ghana, respectively, were investigated under hydroponic condition. Plants were subjected to four levels of NaCl (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) at early seedling growth stage of plant development. Application of NaCl treatment led to a significant decrease in LDW, SL, NL, TLA, Pn, gs, TR and CO2int concentration of ‘Vanda’ and ‘P244601’ compared to untreated plants while the plant growth inhibition was notably noted at 120 mM NaCl in ‘P1184948’ for LDW, SL and NB. The highest depressive effect was detected in gs of salt-sensitive ‘Vanda’ while the lowest were recorded in gs of salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at high salinity level. Enhanced NaCl concentrations led to a significant increase in ΦPSII of ‘P1184948’ compared to ‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and untreated plants. Leaf CHL content was significantly increased in moderately-tolerant ‘‘P244601’ and salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at 80 mM NaCl compared to salt sensitive ‘Vanda’ and untreated plants. The depressive effect of salt on RWC was recorded at 120 mM NaCl in peanut leaves of all varieties. Under salt stress ‘P1184948’ was observed to have relatively higher tolerance on average of all growth and physiological traits than ‘Vanda’ and P244601’ suggesting that it could be grown in salt-affected soils.

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Bacillus subtilis improves maize tolerance to salinity

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20170910 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nathalia Calhabeu Ferreira ◽

Rita de Cassia Lima Mazzuchelli ◽

Ana Claudia Pacheco ◽

Fabio Fernando de Araujo ◽

Jadson Emanuel Lopes Antunes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Sodium Chloride ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Water Content ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Biochemical Responses ◽

Relative Water ◽

Four Levels ◽

Tolerance To Salinity

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical responses of maize, under saline stress, inoculated with Bacillus subtilis. Four levels of salinity were assessed: 0mM, 50mM, 100mM, and 200mM of sodium chloride (NaCl). Saline conditions influenced negatively maize growth. However, the inoculation of B. subtilis improved the plant growth at highest level of NaCl. Chlorophyll content decreased while proline increased in inoculated plants submitted to highest salt levels. Also, B. subtilis increased the relative water content in leaves. B. subtilis improves the plant growth under salinity and ameliorates the biochemical damages in maize.

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Nanopotassium, Nanosilicon, and Biochar Applications Improve Potato Salt Tolerance by Modulating Photosynthesis, Water Status, and Biochemical Constituents

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14020723 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 723

Author(s):

Abdel Wahab M. Mahmoud ◽

Mahmoud M. Samy ◽

Hoda Sany ◽

Rasha R. Eid ◽

Hassan M. Rashad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Water Content ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Acid Content ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Relative Water ◽

Abscisic Acid Content

Salinity is one of the main environmental stresses, and it affects potato growth and productivity in arid and semiarid regions by disturbing physiological process, such as the photosynthesis rate, the absorption of essential nutrients and water, plant hormonal functions, and vital metabolic pathways. Few studies are available on the application of combined nanomaterials to mitigate salinity stress on potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Diamont). In order to assess the effects of the sole or combined application of silicon (Si) and potassium (K) nanoparticles and biochar (Bc) on the agro-physiological properties and biochemical constituents of potato plants grown in saline soil, two open-field experiments were executed on a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with five replicates. The results show that the biochar application and nanoelements (n-K and n-Si) significantly improved the plant heights, the fresh and dry plant biomasses, the numbers of stems/plant, the leaf relative water content, the leaf chlorophyll content, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), the leaf stomatal conductance (Gc), and the tuber yields, compared to the untreated potato plants (CT). Moreover, the nanoelements and biochar improved the content of the endogenous elements of the plant tissues (N, P, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and B), the leaf proline, and the leaf gibberellic acid (GA3), in addition to reducing the leaf abscisic acid content (ABA), the activity of catalase (CAT), and the peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the leaves of salt-stressed potato plants. The combined treatment achieved maximum plant growth parameters, physiological parameters, and nutrient concentrations, and minimum transpiration rates (Tr), leaf abscisic acid content (ABA), and activities of the leaf antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, and PPO). Furthermore, the combined treatment also showed the highest tuber yield and tuber quality, including the contents of carbohydrates, proteins, and the endogenous nutrients of the tuber tissues (N, P, and K), and the lowest starch content. Moreover, Pearson’s correlation showed that the plant growth and the tuber yields of potato plants significantly and positively correlated with the photosynthesis rate, the internal CO2 concentration, the relative water content, the proline, the chlorophyll content, and the GA3, and that they were negatively correlated with the leaf Na content, PPO, CAT, ABA, MDA, and Tr. It might be concluded that nanoelement (n-K and n-Si) and biochar applications are a promising method to enhance the plant growth and crop productivity of potato plants grown under salinity conditions.

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Physiological responses of Eucalyptus urophylla young plants treated with biostimulant under water deficit

Ciência Florestal ◽

10.5902/1980509826206 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 1072

Author(s):

Rayka Kristian Alves Santos ◽

Paulo Araquém Ramos Cairo ◽

Romário Pereira Barbosa ◽

Janderson De Jesus Lacerda ◽

Caio Da Silva Mafra Neto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Water Content ◽

Root Length ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽

Main Root ◽

Hormonal Balance ◽

Relative Water

Biostimulants consist of a mixture of growth regulators that, when they are sprayed on plants, act on hormonal balance, enhancing its development. Stimulate® is a biostimulant composed by indole butyric acid (0.005%), kinetin (0.009%) and gibberellic acid (0.005%) which promotes root growth, improves water and nutrients uptake, and helps restore plant hormonal balance. This research was based on the hypothesis that Stimulate® spraying can be an alternate way to mitigate negative effects of soil water-limiting on plant growth. The experimental work was performed in greenhouse and aimed to evaluate physiological responses of young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla sprayed with different Stimulate® concentrations and submitted to the following irrigation regimes: full, partial and no irrigation. Leaf water potential, relative water content, net photosynthesis, plant height and main root length were measured. Under water-limited conditions, plants sprayed with Stimulate® showed higher net photosynthesis and relative water content had a less decrease, due to osmotic adjustment. Spraying with Stimulate® also provided greater plant height and longer main root length in plants under water deficit. We conclude that the use of Stimulate® can be a viable option to mitigate negative water stress physiological effects in young plants of Eucalyptus urophylla, helping to partially maintain the plant growth under water-limited conditions.

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Interaction of Salinity and Phytohormones on Wheat Photosynthetic Traits and Membrane Stability

Agriculture (Pol nohospodárstvo) ◽

10.2478/agri-2013-0004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 33-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arman Pazuki ◽

Mohammad Sedghi ◽

Fatemeh Aflaki

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Water Content ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Relative Water

To evaluate phytohormones effects on stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, membrane stability, relative water content and chlorophyll content under salinity, a factorial experiment with 4 replicates was conducted. Treatments were salinity (0, 3.5 and 7 dS/m), phytohormones (control, gibberellic acid and abscisic acid) and wheat cultivars (Gascogen, Zagros, and Kuhdasht). Results showed that a high level of salinity increased chlorophyll fluorescence and relative water content, while membrane stability, chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance were decreased. Abscisic acid treatment had more effective role in membrane stability. Although membrane stability was much more under gibberellic acid treatment, restoration of membrane stability was considerable under abscisic acid treatment for Gascogen and Kuhdasht cultivars. Spraying of gibberellic acid induced the highest chlorophyll content in the three salinity levels and all of the cultivars. The maximum amount of stomatal conductance was achieved under gibberellic acid treatment. Abscisic acid caused less chlorophyll fluorescence in comparison to gibberellic acid. About relative water content, abscisic acid was effective in high salinity levels so that it caused stomatal closure, which reduced water loss and maintained turgor in plants.

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Exogenous 5-Aminolevulenic Acid Promotes Antioxidative Defence System, Photosynthesis and Growth in Soybean against Cold Stress

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb749654 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 486-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elahe MANAFI ◽

Seyed Ali Mohammad MODARRES SANAVY ◽

Majid AGHAALIKHANI ◽

Aria DOLATABADIAN

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Cold Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Content Increase ◽

Stomatal Conductivity ◽

Relative Water ◽

Soybean Plants

In the present study, the possibility of enhancing cold stress tolerance of young soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr) by exogenous application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) was investigated. ALA was applied at various concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 mM) by seed priming and foliar application method. After ALA treatment, the plants were subjected to cold stress at 10 ± 0.5 °C for 72 h. Cold stress significantly decreased plant growth, relative water content, chlorophyll, photosynthesis and stomatal conductivity, while it increased electrolyte leakage and proline accumulation. ALA at low concentrations (0.3 mM) protected plants against cold stress, enhancing plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity as well as relative water content. Increase of electrolyte leakage was also prevented by 0.6 mM ALA. ALA also enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activities at 0.6 mM concentration especially under cold stress conditions. Proline increased with increasing in ALA concentration under both temperature conditions. In most cases, application of ALA by spraying method was better than seed priming method. Results showed that ALA, which is considered as an endogenous plant growth regulator, can be used effectively to protect soybean plants from the damaging effects of cold stress, by enhancing the activity of antioxidative enzymes, protecting cell membrane against reactive oxygen species and finally by promoting chlorophyll synthesis, leading to more intense photosynthesis and more carbon fixation, without any adverse effect on the plant growth.

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The Method of Plant Water Status Measurement in Sweet Potato (Ipomoea Batatas (L) Lam.)

Beccariana Botanical Research Bulletin ◽

10.30862/bbrp.v7i1.274 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saraswati Prabawardani

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Water Status ◽

Plant Water Status ◽

Equilibration Time ◽

Plant Water ◽

Font Size ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Relative Water

The measurement of plant water status such as leaf water potential (LWP) and leaf relative water content (RWC) is important part of understanding plant physiology and biomass production. Preliminary study was made to determine the optimum amount of leaf abrasion and equilibration time of sweet potato leaf inside the thermocouple psychrometer chambers. Based on the trial, the standard equilibration time curve of a Peltier thermocouple for sweet potato leaf was between 2 and 3 hours. To increase the water vapour conductance across the leaf epidermis the waxy leaf cuticle should be removed or broken by abrasion. The result showed that 4 times leaf rubbings was accepted as the most effective way to increase leaf vapour conductance of sweet potato in the psychrometer chambers. In calculating the leaf relative water content, unstressed water of sweet potato leaves require 4 hours imbibition, whereas water stressed of sweet potato leaves require 5 to 6 hours to reach the saturation time. Either leaf water potential or relative water content can be used as a parameter for plant water status in sweet potato.

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Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Competition for Water in Cotton

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-15-00062.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 928-935 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Sarah T. Berger ◽

Jason A. Ferrell ◽

Diane L. Rowland ◽

Theodore M. Webster

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

Cotton Production ◽

Excess Water ◽

Relative Water ◽

Competition For Light ◽

Daily Water

Palmer amaranth is a troublesome weed in cotton production. Yield losses of 65% have been reported from season-long Palmer amaranth competition with cotton. To determine whether water is a factor in this system, experiments were conduced in 2011, 2012, and 2013 in Citra, FL, and in Tifton, GA. In 2011, infrequent rainfall lead to drought stress. The presence of Palmer amaranth resulted in decreased soil relative water content up to 1 m in depth. Cotton stomatal conductance (gs) was reduced up to 1.8 m from a Palmer amaranth plant. In 2012 and 2013 higher than average rainfall resulted in excess water throughout the growing season. In this situation, no differences were found in soil relative water content or cottongsas a function of proximity to Palmer amaranth. A positive linear trend was found in cotton photosynthesis and yield; each parameter increased as distance from Palmer amaranth increased. Even in these well-watered conditions, daily water use of Palmer amaranth was considerably higher than that of cotton, at 1.2 and 0.49 g H20 cm−2d−1, respectively. Although Palmer amaranth removed more water from the soil profile, rainfall was adequate to replenish the profile in 2 of the 3 yr of this study. However, yield loss due to Palmer amaranth was still observed despite no change ings, indicating other factors, such as competition for light or response to neighboring plants during development, are driving yield loss.

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