Dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation affects gut morphology, antioxidant capacity and intestinal selected bacterial populations in weaned piglets

AbstractChlorogenic acid is a major phenolic compound that forms a substantial part of plant foods and is an ester of caffeic acid and quinic acid. However, the effect of the structures of both chlorogenic and caffeic acids on their antioxidant and antidiabetic potentials have not been fully understood. Thus, this study sought to investigate and compare the interaction of caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid with α-amylase and α-glucosidase (key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes) activities in vitro.The inhibitory effect of the phenolic acids on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities was evaluated. Thereafter, their antioxidant activities as typified by their 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability and ferric reducing antioxidant properties were determined.The results revealed that both phenolic acids inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities in a dose-dependent manner (2–8 μg/mL). However, caffeic acid had a significantly (p<0.05) higher inhibitory effect on α-amylase [ICThe esterification of caffeic acid with quinic acid, producing chlorogenic acid, reduces their ability to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Thus, the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities by the phenolic acids could be part of the possible mechanism by which the phenolic acids exert their antidiabetic effects.

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Concentrations of Phenolic Acids Are Differently Genetically Determined in Leaves, Flowers, and Grain of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1142

Author(s):

Alena Vollmannová ◽

Janette Musilová ◽

Judita Lidiková ◽

Július Árvay ◽

Marek Šnirc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽

Blood Cholesterol ◽

Common Buckwheat ◽

High Concentration ◽

Phenolic Substances ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is a valuable source of proteins, B vitamins, manganese, tryptophan, phytochemicals with an antioxidant effect, and the natural flavonoid rutin. Due to its composition, buckwheat supports the human immune system, regulates blood cholesterol, and is suitable for patients with diabetes or celiac disease. The study aimed to compare the allocation of selected phenolic acids (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, trans-sinapic acid, trans-ferulic acid) and flavonoids (rutin, vitexin, quercetin, kaempferol) in the leaves, flowers, and grain of buckwheat cultivars of different origin. The content of individual phenolics was determined by the HPLC-DAD method. The results confirmed the determining role of cultivar on the relative content of chlorogenic acid, trans-caffeic acid, trans-sinapic acid, vitexin, and kaempferol in buckwheat plants. A significantly negative correlation among concentrations of phenolic acids in different common buckwheat plant parts shows that there are different mechanisms of genetic influences on the concentration of phenolic substances in common buckwheat flowers, leaves, and grain. These differences should be taken into account when breeding buckwheat for a high concentration of selected phenolic substances.

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Natural Products from Scorzonera aristata (Asteraceae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000500510 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Manuela Jehle ◽

Johanna Bano ◽

Ernst P. Ellmerer ◽

Christian Zidorn

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Quinic Acid ◽

The South ◽

Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Acid Methyl

The aerial parts of Scorzonera aristata Ramond ex DC., collected in the South Tyrolean Dolomites, yielded the flavonoids quercetin 3- O-glucoside, rutin, and isoorientin, and the caffeic acid derivatives chlorogenic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid, and 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid. Sub-aerial parts contained caffeic acid methyl ester, 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinic acid, and the triterpenes 3α-hydroxyolean-5-ene, lupeol, and magnificol. Chemosystematic implications of the isolated compounds are discussed briefly.

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Involvement of Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in High Yield Characteristics of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.68.19 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tran Dang Xuan ◽

Do Tuan Bach ◽

Tran Dang Dat

Keyword(s):

Ferulic Acid ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Development Stage ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

High Yield ◽

Phenolic Contents ◽

The Difference

The present study examined the correlation between phenolic acids and flavonoids with high rice yield traits of rice. It was observed that the difference of phenolic contents among the tested rice lines occurred only in the vegetative stage. The concentrations of phenolic acids were higher in the rice high yield cultivars than low yield variety in the vegetative stage, but they either decreased dramatically or disappeared during the development stage. Caffeic acid was found only in high yield rice, whereas chlorogenic acid was detected only in low yield rice. Sinapic acid was the dominant phenolic acid in high yield cultivars at vegetative stage (3.7 mg/g), followed by ferulic acid (1.2 mg/g). These findings suggest that caffeic acid, ferulic acid, sinapic acid and chlorogenic acid may play a particular role in forming yield components in rice. The cultivar B3 contained high amount of sinapic acid may be used as a natural source for pharmaceutical use.

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Anti-malarial Activity Of Phenolic Acids Is Structurally Related

10.21203/rs.3.rs-21702/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Prince A Fordjour ◽

Jonathan P Adjimani ◽

Bright Asare ◽

Nancy O Duah-Quashie ◽

Neils B Quashie

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Ferulic Acid ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Rosmarinic Acid ◽

Protocatechuic Acid ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Coumaric Acid

Abstract Background In the absence of an effective vaccine against malaria, chemotherapy remains a major option in the control of the disease. Then, the recent report of the emergence and spread of clones of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to available antimalarial drugs should be of concern as it poses a threat to disease control. Compounds whose pharmacological properties have been determined and touted for other disease can be investigated for antimalarial activity. Phenolic acids (polyphenols) have been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antibiotic effects. However, information on their antimalarial activity is scanty. Phenolic acids are present in a variety of plant-based foods: mostly high in the skins and seeds of fruits as well as the leaves of vegetables. Systematic assessment of these compounds for antimalarial activity is therefore needed. Method Using the classical in vitro drug test, the antimalarial activities of five hydroxycinnamic acids, (caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, o-Coumaric acid and ferulic acid) and two hydroxybenzoic acids (gallic acid and protocatechuic acid) against 3D7 clones of Plasmodium falciparum was determined. Results Among the phenolic acids tested, caffeic acid and gallic acid were found to be the most effective, with mean IC 50 value of 17.73µg/ml and 26.59µg/ml respectively for three independent determinations. Protocatechuic acid had an IC 50 value of 30.08 µg/ml. Rosmarinic acid and chlorogenic acid, showed moderate antimalarial activities with IC 50 values of 103.59µg/ml and 105µg/ml respectively. The IC 50 values determined for ferulic acid and o-Coumaric acid were 93.36µg/ml and 82.23µg/ml respectively. Conclusion The outcome of this study suggest that natural occurring phenolic compounds have appreciable level of antimalarial activity which can be exploited for use through combination of actions/efforts including structural manipulation to attain an increase in their antimalarial effect. Eating of natural food products rich in these compounds could provide antimalarial prophylactic effect.

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Organic acids, sugars, phenolic compounds, and some horticultural characteristics of black and white mulberry accessions from Eastern Anatolia

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2015-0070 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 96 (1) ◽

pp. 27-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Mustafa Kenan Gecer ◽

Meleksen Akin ◽

Muttalip Gundogdu ◽

Sadiye Peral Eyduran ◽

Sezai Ercisli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Black And White ◽

White Mulberry

Mulberries, Morus spp., grow in different growing regions of Turkey with a high diversity providing an opportunity to select superior accessions. The goal of the study was to determine the differences in phytochemical components and horticultural characteristics between white and black mulberry accessions in the Igdir province. Fruits of black and white mulberries collected from Igdir province were assayed for various horticultural characteristics including berry width, berry length, berry weight, and berry peduncle length. Samples were also assayed for vitamin C, organic acids (citric, tartaric, malic, succinic, and fumaric), sugars (glucose and fructose), phenolic acids (catechin, rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic, ferulic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, caffeic, syringic, vanillic, and gallic acids), and antioxidant capacity [Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay]. Differences (P < 0.05) were noted between accessions in berry length and berry weight. Malic acid was found to be the predominant organic acid regardless of species. Rutin (for black mulberry) and chlorogenic acid (for white mulberry) were the predominant phenolic acids. Black mulberry had higher glucose and fructose content than white mulberry. Analysis showed that black mulberry had higher content of tartaric acid, malic acid, TEAC, fructose, glucose, catechin, rutin, quercetin, o-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid compared with white mulberry (P < 0.01); however, white mulberry had higher content of succinic acid, vitamin C, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, and gallic acid (P < 0.01). Our results provide a reference for further studies of mulberry fruits in detection of organic acids, sugars, antioxidant capacity, and phenolic compounds. Also, it is clear that we need standardized testing, extraction, and analysis protocols to compare genotypes grown in different countries.

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Caffeic acid: a brief overview of its presence, metabolism, and bioactivity

Bioactive Compounds in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/bchd.v3i4.692 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anna Birková

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Acid Ester ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Quinic Acid ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Common Phenomenon ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Naturally Occurring

Caffeic acid is a bioactive compound found in a variety of plants including vegetables, fruits, herbs, and drinks. It belongs to the huge group of chemicals called polyphenols and is a major representative of the polyphenol subgroup of hydroxycinnamic acids. In foods, caffeic acid occurs mostly as a quinic acid ester called chlorogenic acid. Caffeic acid, like other polyphenols, is believed to exhibit many health benefits associated with their antioxidant properties, including the prevention of inflammation, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. Nowadays, the use of naturally occurring bioactive substances, including caffeic acid, is becoming a very common phenomenon. Thus, information about their functions and properties is very important.Keywords: caffeic acid, polyphenols, bioactive compound, oxidative stress

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AROMATIC METABOLISM IN PLANTS: V. THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHLOROGENIC ACID AND LIGNIN IN POTATO CELL CULTURES

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1139/o67-171 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 1451-1457 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Oluf L. Gamborg

Keyword(s):

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Shikimic Acid ◽

Quinic Acid ◽

Insoluble Fraction ◽

Klason Lignin ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Insoluble Material ◽

Potato Cell

Studies were made on the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid and on lignin formation in potato cells from suspension cultures. The cells were incubated with14C-labelled compounds, and the degree of incorporation into chlorogenic acid and into lignin were measured. Shikimic acid and quinic acid were not readily absorbed by the cells, whereas cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, and caffeic acid were absorbed very quickly. The results show that quinic acid and caffeic acid can serve as direct precursors of chlorogenic acid in the cells. A large proportion of the14C from the aromatic compounds was incorporated into the alcohol-insoluble fraction, and was associated with a Klason lignin. The lignin aldehydes obtained after nitrobenzene oxidation of the alcohol-insoluble material consisted of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and trace amounts of syringaldehyde.

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TOBACCO POLYPHENOLS: II. ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF CHLOROGENIC ACID

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/o63-254 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 41 (11) ◽

pp. 2249-2258 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

V. C. Runeckles

Keyword(s):

Potato Tuber ◽

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Quinic Acid ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Tuber Tissue ◽

Potato Tuber Tissue ◽

Leaf Disks

Leaf disks of Nicotiana tabacum var. Delcrest were supplied with α-C14-labelled cinnamic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids, p-coumaroyl-quinic acid, and the 1-glucose esters of cinnamic and p-coumaric acids. Considerable incorporation of radioactivity into chlorogenic acid occurred in 40 hours from all substrates except caffeic acid. In particular, p-coumaric acid was found to be a good precursor of chlorogenic acid in contrast to the findings of other workers with potato tuber tissue. More p-coumaric acid than cinnamic acid is converted to chlorogenic acid, although the reverse holds for conversion to p-coumaroyl-quinic acid. Chlorogenic acid synthesis from caffeic acid involves breakdown and resynthesis of the acid supplied, leading to the incorporation of radioactivity into other positions in the caffeic acid molecule and into the quinic acid moiety. Cinnamic and p-coumaric acids, on the other hand, are incorporated essentially intact into both p-coumaroyl-quinic and chlorogenic acids. These findings are discussed in relation to the pathway of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis postulated for potato tuber tissue.

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Mammillaria Species—Polyphenols Studies and Anti-Cancer, Anti-Oxidant, and Anti-Bacterial Activities

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25010131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hosam O. Elansary ◽

Agnieszka Szopa ◽

Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz ◽

Karolina Jafernik ◽

Halina Ekiert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorogenic Acid ◽

Caffeic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Jurkat Cells ◽

Gentisic Acid ◽

Natural Product Research ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Mcf 7

Discovering new natural resources of polyphenols is the aim of many recent studies in the field of natural product research. This study tentatively investigated the polyphenols profile of the stems of seven Mammillaria species (M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. hahniana, M. crucigera, M. candida, M. albilanata, and M. muehlenpfordtii) using high performance liquid chromatography with DAD detector (HPLC-DAD) method. Furthermore, the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial potentials of these extracts as well as major identified phenols were explored. The HPLC-DAD study confirmed the availability of six phenolic acids, including gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The dominant compounds were: gentisic acid in M. rhodantha and M. spinosissima; chlorogenic acid in M. muehlenpfordtii, M. crucigera, and M. rhodantha; and caffeic acid in M. rhodantha, M. crucigera, and M. spinosissima. Stems of Mammillaria sp. showed antiproliferative effects against HeLa, MCF-7, and Jurkat cells. In HeLa and MCF-7 cells, the best antiproliferative activities were found in the treatments with M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii. The apoptotic assay of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed accumulation of necrotic cells in the early and late apoptotic phase. M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed the highest anti-oxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assays. M. rhodantha was the best source of antioxidants. Mammillaria sp. showed moderate anti-bacterial effects against bacteria and the highest effects were found using the extracts of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. crucigera and M. muehlenpfordtii against most bacteria. The anti-bacterial activities were attributed to other phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid) than gentisic acid, which was not active against most bacteria. Mammillaria sp. could be considered to be an important natural source of phenolic acids with anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant activities.

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