Se@Albumin nanoparticles ameliorate intestinal mucositis caused by cisplantin through the gut microbiota targeted regulation

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d0nr07981b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liping Deng ◽

Hongliang Zeng ◽

Xueying Hu ◽

Mengqing Xiao ◽

Dong He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Health Benefit ◽

First Line ◽

Albumin Nanoparticles ◽

Clinical Cancer ◽

Intestinal Mucositis

Chemotherapy associated intestinal mucositis is still one of major challenge on the first-line clinical cancer treatment. Selenium element has been shown its health benefit on enteritis in trace uptake, however,...

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Encapsulated protamine-hyaluronic acid particles for targeting carboplatin directed by radiation

International Journal of PIXE ◽

10.1142/s0129083518500043 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (01n02) ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

T. Segawa ◽

S. Harada ◽

S. Ehara ◽

K. Ishii ◽

T. Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Radiation Dose ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Standard Error ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Pixe Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Clinical Cancer

Encapsulated protamine-hyaluronic acid particles containing carboplatin were prepared and their ability to release carboplatin was tested in vivo. Protamine–hyaluronic acid particles containing carboplatin were prepared by mixing protamine (1.6 mg) and hyaluronic acid (1.28 mg) into a 5 mg/mL carboplatin solution for 30 min at room temperature. A 1 mL solution of protamine–hyaluronic acid particles was poured into an ampule of COATSOME[Formula: see text] EL-010 (Nichiyu, Tokyo, Japan), shaken three times by hand, and allowed to incubate at room temperature for 15 min. Following that, 10 or 20 Gy of 100 kiloelectronvolt (KeV) soft X-ray was applied. The release of carboplatin was imaged using a microparticle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) camera. The amount of carboplatin released was expressed as the amount of platinum released and measured via quantitative micro-PIXE analysis. The diameter of the generated encapsulated particles measured [Formula: see text] nm (mean ± standard error). The release of carboplatin from the encapsulated protamine–hyaluronic acid particles was observed under a micro-PIXE camera. The amount of carboplatin released was [Formula: see text] under 10 Gy of radiation, and [Formula: see text] under 20 Gy of radiation, which was a sufficient dose for cancer treatment. However, 10 or 20 Gy of radiation is much greater than the dose used for clinical cancer treatment (2 Gy). Further research to reduce the radiation dose to 2 Gy in order to release sufficient carboplatin for cancer treatment is required.

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Integrity of the Intestinal Barrier: The Involvement of Epithelial Cells and Microbiota—A Mutual Relationship

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani12020145 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 145

Author(s):

Małgorzata Gieryńska ◽

Lidia Szulc-Dąbrowska ◽

Justyna Struzik ◽

Matylda Barbara Mielcarska ◽

Karolina Paulina Gregorczyk-Zboroch

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Intercellular Junctions ◽

Gi Tract ◽

First Line ◽

Mucosal Integrity ◽

Physical Defense ◽

Mutualistic Relationship

The gastrointestinal tract, which is constantly exposed to a multitude of stimuli, is considered responsible for maintaining the homeostasis of the host. It is inhabited by billions of microorganisms, the gut microbiota, which form a mutualistic relationship with the host. Although the microbiota is generally recognized as beneficial, at the same time, together with pathogens, they are a permanent threat to the host. Various populations of epithelial cells provide the first line of chemical and physical defense against external factors acting as the interface between luminal microorganisms and immunocompetent cells in lamina propria. In this review, we focus on some essential, innate mechanisms protecting mucosal integrity, thus responsible for maintaining intestine homeostasis. The characteristics of decisive cell populations involved in maintaining the barrier arrangement, based on mucus secretion, formation of intercellular junctions as well as production of antimicrobial peptides, responsible for shaping the gut microbiota, are presented. We emphasize the importance of cross-talk between gut microbiota and epithelial cells as a factor vital for the maintenance of the homeostasis of the GI tract. Finally, we discuss how the imbalance of these regulations leads to the compromised barrier integrity and dysbiosis considered to contribute to inflammatory disorders and metabolic diseases.

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pH-responded Hollow Fe–Gallic Acid Coordination Polymer for Multimodal Synergistic-therapy and MRI of Cancer

Nanoscale Advances ◽

10.1039/d1na00721a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Congcong Liu ◽

Chengcheng Li ◽

Sen Jiang ◽

Cheng Zhang ◽

Yang Tian

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Tumor Microenvironment ◽

Coordination Polymer ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Clinical Cancer

Tumor-microenvironment (TME) responding nanostructures are attractive for drug delivery in clinical cancer treatment. The coordination polymer Fe–Gallic Acid (Fe-GA) is one of the promising drug carriers due to its pH-responding,...

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Canada's Progress to Make Smoking Cessation a First-Line Cancer Treatment

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.15400 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 90s-90s

Author(s):

M. Halligan ◽

D. Keen

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Scale Up ◽

Evidence Based ◽

First Line ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Substantial Progress ◽

Oncology Practice

Background: Evidence indicates that smoking cessation improves the effectiveness of treatment and likelihood of survival among all cancer patients, not just those with tobacco-related disease, yet smoking is rarely addressed in oncology practice. Prior to 2016, only 3 provinces in Canada (out of a total of 10 provinces and three territories) reported implementation of smoking cessation for ambulatory cancer patients. Aim: Based on this evidence, the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CPAC) implemented a systems change initiative to promote adoption of evidence-based smoking cessation within provincial and territorial cancer systems across Canada. Methods: In 2016, CPAC funded seven provinces and two territories over a 15-month period to plan, implement or evaluate integration of evidence-based smoking cessation for ambulatory cancer patients within cancer systems. Funds were used to plan (2 provinces and 2 territories), implement (3 provinces) or evaluate (2 provinces) systematic, evidence-based approaches to smoking cessation within ambulatory cancer care settings (e.g., establishing routine systems for identification of smoking cancer patients and system to support patients to quit). Funds could not be used for direct service delivery (e.g., cessation counseling). Results: After 15-months of funding from CPAC, 6 provinces reported implementation of smoking cessation for ambulatory cancer patients. The remaining province and 2 territories funded by CPAC reported development of plans for adoption of smoking cessation for cancer patients in the future. Within provinces reporting implementation of smoking cessation for cancer patients, between 65%-97% of ambulatory cancer patients were screened for smoking status; 22%-80% of these patients were offered a referral to cessation services, and 21%-45% of cancer patients accepted a referral. Conclusion: Despite provincial and territorial variations in readiness to uptake evidence-based smoking cessation for cancer patients, CPAC's approach has led to substantial progress in adoption of this approach across Canada. While progress has been made, adoption of smoking cessation and relapse prevention by cancer systems is not yet widespread in Canada. Scale-up to remaining provinces and territory, and spread within existing provinces and territories is required to reach all cancer patients and families who require support to quit smoking. Framing smoking cessation as a therapeutic intervention, not prevention, and a routine part of cancer treatment will be critical for sustainability of this work.

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Berberine regulates fecal metabolites to ameliorate 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucositis through modulating gut microbiota

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. 109829 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Haitao Chen ◽

Fan Zhang ◽

Rongrong Li ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Xuanying Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Intestinal Mucositis

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P08.06 Clinical value scores for treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma with TTFields

Neuro-Oncology ◽

10.1093/neuonc/noz126.132 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. iii38-iii38

Author(s):

J Kelly ◽

C Proescholdt

Keyword(s):

Overall Survival ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Clinical Benefit ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Value Assessment ◽

Toxicity Profile ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Clinical Value ◽

Tumor Treating Fields ◽

Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Abstract BACKGROUND High quality and value of recommended treatments is of specific importance in cancer care. ESMO, ASCO and NCCN have developed tools intended to help assessing the clinical value of cancer treatments in a standardised way, allowing for a comparative discussion. Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is a novel, device based cancer treatment, that was recently demonstrated to be effective in newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). This new modality augments the treatments discussed with glioblastoma patients today. MATERIAL AND METHODS ESMO and ASCO frameworks each calculate a score for the clinical value of a cancer treatment, called Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (MCBS) by ESMO and the Net Health Benefit (NHB) by ASCO. NCCN self reports “evidence blocks” which are assessed by clinician panels and were recently published for the first line treatment of newly diagnosed GBM with TTFields. We apply and compare the ESMO, ASCO and NCCN tools for TTFields treatment of newly diagnosed GBM. RESULTS The resulting ASCO NHB score for TTFields treatment of newly diagnosed GBM is 56. ESMO MCBS scores for TTFields in GBM are resulting in A/5, these being the highest achievable scores for this framework. All frameworks value the increase in overall survival by TTFields and the moderate toxicity profile. ESMO additionally values quality of life, while ASCO values palliation and treatment free intervals. NCCN’s specific focus is on the quality and consistency of the evidence. NCCN evidence blocks also contain an affordability score. CONCLUSION All three frameworks consider the clinical efficacy of a treatment and it’s toxicity profile in their clinical value assessment. Beyond that, their respective focus is on slightly different aspects and their definition of clinical value therefore varies in detail. However, all value scores suggest that TTFields treatment of newly diagnosed GBM provides a substantial clinical benefit. The high ESMO and ASCO scores are based on the significantly extended progression free and overall survival for TTFields treated patients, without adding systemic toxicities. The NCCN evidence blocks strongly support the NCCN category 1 recommendation for the use of TTFields in newly diagnosed GBM.

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North Central Cancer Treatment Group N0543 (Alliance): A phase 2 trial of pharmacogenetic-based dosing of irinotecan, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine as first-line therapy for patients with advanced small bowel adenocarcinoma

Cancer ◽

10.1002/cncr.30766 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 123 (18) ◽

pp. 3494-3501 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Robert R. McWilliams ◽

Nathan R. Foster ◽

Michelle R. Mahoney ◽

Thomas C. Smyrk ◽

Joseph A. Murray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Small Bowel ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma ◽

Phase 2 ◽

First Line ◽

North Central ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

Phase 2 Trial ◽

Line Therapy

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Prebiotic Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on the Composition and Function of the Human Microbiota—Results from the PAGODA Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12051257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 1257 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simon J. Reider ◽

Simon Moosmang ◽

Judith Tragust ◽

Lovro Trgovec-Greif ◽

Simon Tragust ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Human Microbiota ◽

Β Diversity ◽

And Function ◽

Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum

(1) Background: Alterations in the structural composition of the human gut microbiota have been identified in various disease entities along with exciting mechanistic clues by reductionist gnotobiotic modeling. Improving health by beneficially modulating an altered microbiota is a promising treatment approach. Prebiotics, substrates selectively used by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit, are broadly used for dietary and clinical interventions. Herein, we sought to investigate the microbiota-modelling effects of the soluble fiber, partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG). (2) Methods: We performed a 9 week clinical trial in 20 healthy volunteers that included three weeks of a lead-in period, followed by three weeks of an intervention phase, wherein study subjects received 5 g PHGG up to three times per day, and concluding with a three-week washout period. A stool diary was kept on a daily basis, and clinical data along with serum/plasma and stool samples were collected on a weekly basis. PHGG-induced alterations of the gut microbiota were studied by 16S metagenomics of the V1–V3 and V3–V4 regions. To gain functional insight, we further studied stool metabolites using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. (3) Results: In healthy subjects, PHGG had significant effects on stool frequency and consistency. These effects were paralleled by changes in α- (species evenness) and β-diversity (Bray–Curtis distances), along with increasing abundances of metabolites including butyrate, acetate and various amino acids. On a taxonomic level, PHGG intake was associated with a bloom in Ruminococcus, Fusicatenibacter, Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides and a reduction in Roseburia, Lachnospiracea and Blautia. The majority of effects disappeared after stopping the prebiotic and most effects tended to be more pronounced in male participants. (4) Conclusions: Herein, we describe novel aspects of the prebiotic PHGG on compositional and functional properties of the healthy human microbiota.

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Prebiotics from Seaweeds: An Ocean of Opportunity?

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17060327 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 327 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Paul Cherry ◽

Supriya Yadav ◽

Conall R. Strain ◽

Philip J. Allsopp ◽

Emeir M. McSorley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Previous Discussion ◽

Host Health ◽

Health Related

Seaweeds are an underexploited and potentially sustainable crop which offer a rich source of bioactive compounds, including novel complex polysaccharides, polyphenols, fatty acids, and carotenoids. The purported efficacies of these phytochemicals have led to potential functional food and nutraceutical applications which aim to protect against cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and some cancers. Concurrent understanding that perturbations of gut microbial composition and metabolic function manifest throughout health and disease has led to dietary strategies, such as prebiotics, which exploit the diet-host-microbe paradigm to modulate the gut microbiota, such that host health is maintained or improved. The prebiotic definition was recently updated to “a substrate that is selectively utilised by host microorganisms conferring a health benefit”, which, given that previous discussion regarding seaweed prebiotics has focused upon saccharolytic fermentation, an opportunity is presented to explore how non-complex polysaccharide components from seaweeds may be metabolised by host microbial populations to benefit host health. Thus, this review provides an innovative approach to consider how the gut microbiota may utilise seaweed phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and carotenoids, and provides an updated discussion regarding the catabolism of seaweed-derived complex polysaccharides with potential prebiotic activity. Additional in vitro screening studies and in vivo animal studies are needed to identify potential prebiotics from seaweeds, alongside untargeted metabolomics to decipher microbial-derived metabolites from seaweeds. Furthermore, controlled human intervention studies with health-related end points to elucidate prebiotic efficacy are required.

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