scholarly journals Enhanced expression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human cells sustaining oxidative stress

1997 ◽  
Vol 323 (3) ◽  
pp. 801-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilde V. URSINI ◽  
Angelina PARRELLA ◽  
Graziella ROSA ◽  
Salvatore SALZANO ◽  
Giuseppe MARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
New Information ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Recent reports have demonstrated that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in mammalian cells is necessary in order to ensure cell survival when damage is produced by reactive oxygen intermediates. In this paper we demonstrate that oxidative stress, caused by agents acting at different steps in the biochemical pathway controlling the intracellular redox status, determines the increase in G6PD-specific activity in human cell lines of different tissue origins. The intracellular level of G6PD-specific mRNA also increases, with kinetics compatible with the induction of new enzyme synthesis. We carried out experiments in which cells were exposed to oxidative stress in the presence of inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis. These demonstrated that increased G6PD expression is mainly due to an increased rate of transcription, with a minor but significant contribution of regulatory mechanisms acting at post-transcriptional levels. These results provide new information on the defence systems that eukaryotic cells possess in order to prevent damage caused by potentially harmful oxygen derivatives.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Physiological Relationship Between Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Characters: Insights From Hybridization Between Anarhichas minor × A. lupus

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
C.M. Mavreas ◽  
N.R. Le François ◽  
H. Tveiten ◽  
P.U. Blier
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Nonsynonymous Substitution ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplotypes ◽  
Spotted Wolffish ◽  
Anaerobic Energy ◽  
A Minor

Physiological indicators such as lipid peroxidation and enzymes involved in aerobic/anaerobic energy metabolism were measured in pure and hybrid lines of wolffish juveniles (Anarhichas minor, ♀ A. minor ⨯ ♀ A. lupus). Interspecific hybridization was introduced as a powerful tool to promote augmentation of phenotypic variability and consequently improve our capacity for the detection of clear physiological relationships amongst oxidative stress and metabolic characters. Mitochondrial sequence genes analysis between the Atlantic (A. lupus) and spotted wolffish (A. minor) were later performed to further assess the extent of divergence between A. lupus and A. minor mitochondrial haplotypes. The observed divergences (2.0% and the number of nonsynonymous substitution n=23) do not seem to be sufficient to generate detectable differences in ETS complexes catalytic capacities. Total LDH activity was however higher in hybrids than in the pure strands and tightly correlated to TBARS levels which suggest that LDH actively participates to the regulation of cellular redox status. Our results are discussed in comparison with a similar study on a charr hybrid (Salvelinus alpinus × S. fontinalis).

Oral supplementation with glycine reduces oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome, improving their systolic blood pressure

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Díaz-Flores ◽  
Miguel Cruz ◽  
Genoveva Duran-Reyes ◽  
Catarina Munguia-Miranda ◽  
Hilda Loza-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Reactive oxygen species derived from abdominal fat and uncontrolled glucose metabolism are contributing factors to both oxidative stress and the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of daily administration of an oral glycine supplement on antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in MetS patients. The study included 60 volunteers: 30 individuals that were supplemented with glycine (15 g/day) and 30 that were given a placebo for 3 months. We analysed thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) in plasma; the enzymatic activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in erythrocytes; and the expression of CAT, GPX, and SOD2 in leukocytes. Individuals treated with glycine showed a 25% decrease in TBARS compared with the placebo-treated group. Furthermore, there was a 20% reduction in SOD-specific activity in the glycine-treated group, which correlated with SOD2 expression. G6PD activity and SNO-Hb levels increased in the glycine-treated male group. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) also showed a significant decrease in the glycine-treated men (p = 0.043). Glycine plays an important role in balancing the redox reactions in the human body, thus protecting against oxidative damage in MetS patients.

scholarly journals Alleviate Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract in Ameliorating Fluoride-Induced Cytotoxicity, Oxidative Stress in Tetrahymena pyriformis Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 3710-3724
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Tetrahymena Pyriformis ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Peel Extract

Fluoride is a major oligo element found in nature, at excessive amounts can cause enormous harm in mammalian cells. Fruits peel, considered most often as a waste of juice processing, could play an important role in attenuating metal cytotoxicity. The present study evaluated the effect of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum. L) methanolic extract (PPE) on the Fluoride-induced toxicity and redox status in the protozoa Tetrahymena pyriformis. Polyphenols of peel extract were extracted using methanol and characterized by spectrophotometric methods, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids content (TFC), and in vitro, antioxidant properties were assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. Pomegranate peel is a rich source of phenolic compounds TP (223.21 ± 15 mg GAE/g dw), TF (52.12 ± 1.36 mg Qu/g dw) and showed high antioxidant properties DPPH (EC50 0.043 ± 0.06 mg/ml), ABTS (EC50 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and FRAP (1.47 ± 0.01 mg AA equivalents/g dw). Cells were incubated with fluoride alone and in combination with PPE. NaF (0.8 mM) significantly decreased the cell viability, induced oxidative stress by decreasing antioxidants enzyme activities, and increased intracellular fluoride content. Treatment with NaF in combination with PPE decreases CAT, SOD, and GPx activities and alleviates GSH content. These findings suggest that pomegranate peel biomolecules may have a protective effect against fluoride induced-toxicity.

scholarly journals Exercise in Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency: Harmful or Harmless? A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalliopi Georgakouli ◽  
Ioannis G. Fatouros ◽  
Dimitrios Draganidis ◽  
Konstantinos Papanikolaou ◽  
Panagiotis Tsimeas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Normal Enzyme ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Objectives. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, theoretically, renders red blood cells (RBC) susceptible to oxidative stress. G6PD deficiency has also been found in other types of cells than RBC, such as leukocytes and myocytes, where an inefficient protection against oxidative stress may occur too. Glutathione (GSH), a significant antioxidant molecule, levels are lower in G6PD individuals, and theoretically, the probability of oxidative stress and haemolysis due to exercise in individuals with G6PD deficiency is increased, whereas dietary supplementation with antioxidants may have beneficial effects on various aspects of this enzymopathy.Methods. A search of the available literature was conducted using the keywords glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), deficiency, disease, exercise, muscle, antioxidant, vitamin, supplement, and supplementation. The search was limited to publications in English, conducted on humans, and published until August 2018. After screening, only relevant articles were included.Results. There is little evidence indicating that G6PD deficiency can cause perturbations in redox status, haemolysis, and clinical symptoms such as fatigability and myoglobinuria, especially after intense exercise, compared to individuals with normal enzyme levels.Conclusions. Exercise could be used by G6PD-deficient individuals as a tool to improve their quality of life. However, there is a lack of training studies, and assessment of the effects of regular and systematic exercise in G6PD-deficient individuals is warranted. Finally, since GSH levels are lower in G6PD deficiency, it would be interesting to examine the effects of antioxidant or cysteine donor supplements on redox status after exercise in these individuals.

scholarly journals Intraperoxisomal redox balance in mammalian cells: oxidative stress and interorganellar cross-talk

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1440-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Ivashchenko ◽  
Paul P. Van Veldhoven ◽  
Chantal Brees ◽  
Ye-Shih Ho ◽  
Stanley R. Terlecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Age Related

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are at once unsought by-products of metabolism and critical regulators of multiple intracellular signaling cascades. In nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are well-investigated major sites of ROS generation and related signal initiation. Peroxisomes are also capable of ROS generation, but their contribution to cellular oxidation–reduction (redox) balance and signaling events are far less well understood. In this study, we use a redox-sensitive variant of enhanced green fluorescent protein (roGFP2-PTS1) to monitor the state of the peroxisomal matrix in mammalian cells. We show that intraperoxisomal redox status is strongly influenced by environmental growth conditions. Furthermore, disturbances in peroxisomal redox balance, although not necessarily correlated with the age of the organelle, may trigger its degradation. We also demonstrate that the mitochondrial redox balance is perturbed in catalase-deficient cells and upon generation of excess ROS inside peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are found to resist oxidative stress generated elsewhere in the cell but are affected when the burden originates within the organelle. These results suggest a potential broader role for the peroxisome in cellular aging and the initiation of age-related degenerative disease.

Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Choledocholithiasis: Before and After Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Biliary Clearance

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2172-2176
Author(s):  
Catalin Victor Sfarti ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Carol Stanciu ◽  
Gheorghe G. Balan ◽  
Irina Garleanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameter ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Biliary Clearance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Before And After

Choledocholithiasis may cause biliary obstruction which leads to hepatocellular injury. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in this disorder. This study evaluates the oxidative stress burden in patients with choledocholithiasis and secondary cholestasis, before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Experimental part: Patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis and secondary extrahepatic cholestasis were included in the study between January 1st 2016 and October 31st 2016. In all patients oxidative stress markers were collected within 2 hours before and 48 hours after therapeutic ERCP. Selected markers were superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results were compared to those from a group of 40 healthy subjects. Significantly lower concentrations of SOD (p = 0.03) and GPX (p [ 0.0001) activities, associated with an increased level of MDA level (p [ 0.0001) were shown in patients before biliary clearance compared with the healthy control group. After ERCP the only oxidative stress parameter which showed improvement was the SOD specific activity (p = 0.037). This study shows that extrahepatic cholestasis secondary to choledocholithiasis is associated with increased oxidative stress status. After biliary clearance one oxidative stress marker was significantly improved (SOD), suggesting a possible antioxidant effect of such procedure.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone increased the survival rate in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Reymão Moreira ◽  
Ana Carolina Musa Gonçalves Uberti ◽  
Antonio Rafael Quadros Gomes ◽  
Michelli Erica Souza Ferreira ◽  
Aline da Silva Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Inos Inhibition ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Plasmodial Infection ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on the redox status, parasitemia evolution, and survival rate of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. Two-hundred and twenty-five mice were infected with Plasmodium berghei and subjected to stimulation or inhibition of NO synthesis. The stimulation of NO synthesis was performed through the administration of L-arginine, while its inhibition was made by the administration of dexamethasone. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibition by dexamethasone promoted an increase in the survival rate of P. berghei-infected mice, and the data suggested the participation of oxidative stress in the brain as a result of plasmodial infection, as well as the inhibition of brain NO synthesis, which promoted the survival rate of almost 90% of the animals until the 15th day of infection, with possible direct interference of ischemia and reperfusion syndrome, as seen by increased levels of uric acid. Inhibition of brain iNOS by dexamethasone caused a decrease in parasitemia and increased the survival rate of infected animals, suggesting that NO synthesis may stimulate a series of compensatory redox effects that, if overstimulated, may be responsible for the onset of severe forms of malaria.

scholarly journals Nutraceutical Supplementation Ameliorates Visual Function, Retinal Degeneration, and Redox Status in rd10 Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Lorena Olivares-González ◽  
Sheyla Velasco ◽  
Isabel Campillo ◽  
David Salom ◽  
Emilio González-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Photoreceptor Cells ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Inherited Retinal Dystrophies ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Retinal Dystrophies ◽  
Progressive Degeneration ◽  
Light Stimuli

Background: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells. Ocular redox status is altered in RP suggesting oxidative stress could contribute to their progression. In this study, we investigated the effect of a mixture of nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties (NUT) on retinal degeneration in rd10 mice, a model of RP. Methods: NUT was orally administered to rd10 mice from postnatal day (PD) 9 to PD18. At PD18 retinal function and morphology were examined by electroretinography (ERG) and histology including TUNEL assay, immunolabeling of microglia, Müller cells, and poly ADP ribose polymers. Retinal redox status was determined by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and some oxidative stress markers. Gene expression of the cytokines IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β was assessed by real-time PCR. Results: NUT treatment delayed the loss of photoreceptors in rd10 mice partially preserving their electrical responses to light stimuli. Moreover, it ameliorated redox status and reduced inflammation including microglia activation, upregulation of cytokines, reactive gliosis, and PARP overactivation. Conclusions: NUT ameliorated retinal functionality and morphology at early stages of RP in rd10 mice. This formulation could be useful as a neuroprotective approach for patients with RP in the future.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress as a Possible Target in the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Perspectives and Ambiguities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5705
Author(s):  
Karolina Szewczyk-Golec ◽  
Marta Pawłowska ◽  
Roland Wesołowski ◽  
Marcin Wróblewski ◽  
Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Parasite Viability

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a common disease, which is most typically asymptomatic. However, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal in immunocompromised patients and fetuses. Available treatment options are limited, so there is a strong impetus to develop novel therapeutics. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology and treatment of T. gondii infection. Chemical compounds that modify redox status can reduce the parasite viability and thus be potential anti-Toxoplasma drugs. On the other hand, oxidative stress caused by the activation of the inflammatory response may have some deleterious consequences in host cells. In this respect, the potential use of natural antioxidants is worth considering, including melatonin and some vitamins, as possible novel anti-Toxoplasma therapeutics. Results of in vitro and animal studies are promising. However, supplementation with some antioxidants was found to promote the increase in parasitemia, and the disease was then characterized by a milder course. Undoubtedly, research in this area may have a significant impact on the future prospects of toxoplasmosis therapy.

scholarly journals Imaging NAD(H) Redox Alterations in Cryopreserved Alveolar Macrophages from Ozone-Exposed Mice and the Impact of Nutrient Starvation during Long Lag Times

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
He N. Xu ◽  
Joanna Floros ◽  
Lin Z. Li ◽  
Shaili Amatya
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Redox State ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Nutrient Starvation ◽  
Ozone Exposure ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lag Times ◽  
The Impact

Employing the optical redox imaging technique, we previously identified a significant redox shift of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD and the reduced form NADH) in freshly isolated alveolar macrophages (AM) from ozone-exposed mice. The goal here was twofold: (a) to determine the NAD(H) redox shift in cryopreserved AM isolated from ozone-exposed mice and (b) to investigate whether there is a difference in the redox status between cryopreserved and freshly isolated AM. We found: (i) AM from ozone-exposed mice were in a more oxidized redox state compared to that from filtered air (FA)-exposed mice, consistent with the results obtained from freshly isolated mouse AM; (ii) under FA exposure, there was no significant NAD(H) redox difference between fresh AM that had been placed on ice for 2.5 h and cryopreserved AM; however, under ozone exposure, fresh AM were more oxidized than cryopreserved AM; (iii) via the use of nutrient starvation and replenishment and H2O2-induced oxidative stress of an AM cell line, we showed that this redox difference between cryopreserved and freshly isolated AM is likely the result of the double “hit”, i.e., the ozone-induced oxidative stress plus nutrient starvation that prevented freshly isolated AM from a full recovery after being on ice for a prolonged time period. The cryopreservation technique we developed eliminates/minimizes the effects of oxidative stress and nutrient starvation on cells. This method can be adopted to preserve lung macrophages from animal models or clinical patients for further investigations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document