scholarly journals Cajanonic acid A regulates the ratio of Th17/Treg via inhibition of expression of IL-6 and TGF-β in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanfeng Gong ◽  
Huanbing Liu ◽  
Liming Tao
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Flow Cytometry Assay ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Cellular Apoptosis ◽  
Reduce Insulin Resistance

Abstract Background: The objectives of the present study are to investigate whether cajanonic acid A (CAA) can reduce insulin resistance (IR) in HepG2 cells and to gain a preliminary understanding of the mechanisms underlying this effect. Methods: Following induction of IR in HepG2 cells, we tested the regulatory effect of CAA on glucose consumption and evaluated hepatocyte production of IL-6, TGF-β, and key molecules in the insulin transduction pathway. A transwell co-culturing system was used to assess the effect of CAA on IR in HepG2 cells during the differentiation of CD4+ T cells by calculating the ratio of (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg). We evaluated the effect of CAA on the expression of IL-17RC cells and HepG2 cell apoptosis by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry assay. Results: CAA improved dexamethasone-induced reduction in glucose consumption in HepG2 cells, inhibited hepatocyte production of IL-6 and TGF-β, increased the expression of IL-17RC cell, and increased cellular apoptosis in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. When co-cultured with CD4+ T cells, insulin-resistant HepG2 cells induced a decrease in the ratio of Th17/Treg, but CAA dampened the effect. Application of IL-6 and TGF-β, together with CAA, reversed the effect of CAA on insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Overexpression of IL17R, however, counteracted the effect of IL-6 neutralizing antibody within the culture system. Conclusion: CAA can regulate the ratio of Th17/Treg by mediating the expression of IL-6 and TGF-β in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells.

scholarly journals Qizhi Jiangtang Jiaonang Improves Insulin Signaling and Reduces Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion and Reactive Oxygen Species Formation in Insulin Resistant HepG2 Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tian Zhang ◽  
Chun-Jiang Yu ◽  
Jian-Wei Liu ◽  
Yan-Ping Zhang ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Insulin Resistant

We analyzed the effects of a traditional Chinese medicine, Qizhi Jiangtang Jiaonang (QJJ), on insulin resistance (IR) in vitro. After an in vitro model of IR was established by treating human liver cancer cells (HepG2 cells) with palmitic acid, the cells were then treated with various concentrations of QJJ. Treatment with 400 µM palmitic acid for 24 h induced IR in HepG2 cells. The survival rate for HepG2 cells in the IR group was significantly lower than that of the untreated control group (P< 0.001); however, QJJ restored HepG2 cell survival (P< 0.001). As compared with HepG2 cells in the IR group, QJJ at all doses analyzed significantly increased glucose consumption (allP< 0.05). Moreover, treatment with all the QJJ doses significantly reduced the mean intracellular reactive oxygen species levels as compared with the IR group (allP< 0.05). Furthermore, high-dose QJJ reduced both TNF-αand IL-6 levels as compared to the IR group (allP< 0.05). QJJ ameliorated the altered PI3K, GLUT4, and RAGE expression observed with IR. In conclusion, QJJ can improve IR in HepG2 cells, which may be mediated through the IRS-1/PI3K/GLUT4 signaling pathway as well as regulation of NF-κB-mediated inflammation and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Cytokine interactions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals: roles of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, and IL-15.

1995 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Seder ◽  
K H Grabstein ◽  
J A Berzofsky ◽  
J F McDyer
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ifn Gamma ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Cytokines have been shown to be powerful regulators of the immune response. In this study, we analyze the effect that the newly recognized cytokine interleukin (IL)-15 has on proliferation and cytokine induction using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and purified CD4+ T cells from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who are at various stages in their disease. We observed that IL-15 enhances the proliferative response in a dose-dependent manner from PBMCs of HIV-infected individuals when stimulated by polyclonal mitogen, tetanus toxoid, or HIV-specific antigen. The effects of exogenous IL-15 are substantially diminished by adding a neutralizing antibody to the beta chain of the IL-2 receptor. Moreover, the ability of IL-15 to increase proliferation is enhanced by the presence of endogenous IL-2 produced in the cultures. The effect that exogenous IL-15 had on IL-2, IL-4, and interferon (IFN)-gamma induction from PBMC's or CD4+ T cells in response to mitogen or tetanus toxoid was also examined. This was compared to the effect that exogenous IL-2 and IL-12 had under the same conditions. Addition of IL-2 or IL-15 to short-term in vitro cultures of either PBMCs or CD4+ T cells had little effect on IL-2, IL-4, or IFN-gamma production. By contrast, IL-12 caused substantial enhancement of both IL-2 and IFN-gamma production from these cultures. The role that endogenous cytokines have on IFN-gamma induction was also studied. Addition of a neutralizing antibody to the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor or IL-12 to antigen stimulated cultures caused a striking decrease in IFN-gamma production. Neutralization of endogenous IL-15 also resulted in diminished IFN-gamma production from cultures stimulated with mitogen. IL-4 and IFN-gamma protein production by PBMCs and CD4+ T cells stimulated with mitogen was assessed to see if we could detect a specific bias of cytokine production. Small amounts of IL-4 were detected from CD4+ T cells but not PBMCs from most individuals tested. IFN-gamma and IL-2, however, were also produced from these same cultures. These results further elucidate the mechanism of cytokine regulation in HIV-infected individuals, and they provide evidence that IL-15 may be a useful immune modulator.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization and Hypoglycaemic Activities In Vitro of Two Polysaccharides from Inonotus obliquus by Submerged Culture

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiao Xue ◽  
Shisheng Tong ◽  
Zhaorun Wang ◽  
Ping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Inonotus Obliquus ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Natural Drugs

Polysaccharides from the fungus Inonotus obliquus have been found to be biologically active. In this study, we carried out a preliminary characterisation and assessment of the hypoglycaemic activities of the polysaccharides (IOEP) from Inonotus obliquus obtained by liquid fermentation. Two polysaccharides, IOEP1 and IOEP2, were isolated from IOEP. IOEP1, with a molecular weight of 20 KDa, was mainly composed of galatose and mannose, while IOEP2, with a molecular weight of 200 KDa, was mainly composed of arabinose. Fourier-transform infrared analysis showed that both IOEP1 and IOEP2 were pyran-type polysaccharides. 1H-NMR spectra showed that the glycosidic bonds of IOEP1 and IOEP2 were both α-type and β-type. In addition, IOEP1 and IOEP2 strongly increased the glucose consumption of HepG2 cells and insulin-resistant HepG2 cells in vitro. These findings provide a theoretical basis that IOEP1 and IOEP2 might be suitable as anti-diabetes agents in functional foods and natural drugs.

scholarly journals Env-Expressing Autologous T Lymphocytes Induce Neutralizing Antibody and Afford Marked Protection against Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 3845-3856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Pistello ◽  
Francesca Bonci ◽  
Elisa Zabogli ◽  
Francesca Conti ◽  
Giulia Freer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Specific Pathogen

ABSTRACT The envelope (Env) glycoproteins of HIV and other lentiviruses possess neutralization and other protective epitopes, yet all attempts to induce protective immunity using Env as the only immunogen have either failed or afforded minimal levels of protection. In a novel prime-boost approach, specific-pathogen-free cats were primed with a plasmid expressing Env of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and then boosted with their own T lymphocytes transduced ex vivo to produce the same Env and interleukin 15 (3 × 106 to 10 × 106 viable cells/cat). After the boost, the vaccinees developed elevated immune responses, including virus-neutralizing antibodies (NA). Challenge with an ex vivo preparation of FIV readily infected all eight control cats (four mock vaccinated and four naïve) and produced a marked decline in the proportion of peripheral CD4 T cells. In contrast, five of seven vaccinees showed little or no traces of infection, and the remaining two had reduced viral loads and underwent no changes in proportions of CD4 T cells. Interestingly, the viral loads of the vaccinees were inversely correlated to the titers of NA. The findings support the concept that Env is a valuable immunogen but needs to be administered in a way that permits the expression of its full protective potential.

scholarly journals Erythroid Differentiation Regulator 1 Strengthens TCR Signaling by Enhancing PLCγ1 Signal Transduction Pathway

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 844
Author(s):  
Myun Soo Kim ◽  
Dongmin Park ◽  
Sora Lee ◽  
Sunyoung Park ◽  
Kyung Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Tcr Signaling ◽  
Peripheral T Cells ◽  
Signal Regulation

Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) has previously been reported to control thymocyte selection via TCR signal regulation, but the effect of Erdr1 as a TCR signaling modulator was not studied in peripheral T cells. In this report, it was determined whether Erdr1 affected TCR signaling strength in CD4 T cells. Results revealed that Erdr1 significantly enhanced the anti-TCR antibody-mediated activation and proliferation of T cells while failing to activate T cells in the absence of TCR stimulation. In addition, Erdr1 amplified Ca2+ influx and the phosphorylation of PLCγ1 in CD4 T cells with the TCR stimuli. Furthermore, NFAT1 translocation into nuclei in CD4 T cells was also significantly promoted by Erdr1 in the presence of TCR stimulation. Taken together, our results indicate that Erdr1 positively modulates TCR signaling strength via enhancing the PLCγ1/Ca2+/NFAT1 signal transduction pathway.

scholarly journals Revealing the role of CD4+ T cells in viral immunity

2012 ◽  
Vol 209 (8) ◽  
pp. 1391-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Sant ◽  
Andrew McMichael
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Viral Immunity ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Protective immunity to chronic and acute viral infection relies on both the innate and adaptive immune response. Although neutralizing antibody production by B cells and cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells are well-accepted components of the adaptive immune response to viruses, identification of the specific role of CD4+ T cells in protection has been more challenging to establish. Delineating the contribution of CD4+ T cells has been complicated by their functional heterogeneity, breadth in antigen specificity, transient appearance in circulation, and sequestration in tissue sites of infection. In this minireview, we discuss recent progress in identifying the multiple roles of CD4+ T cells in orchestrating and mediating the immune responses against viral pathogens. We highlight several recent reports, including one published in this issue, that have employed comprehensive and sophisticated approaches to provide new evidence for CD4+ T cells as direct effectors in antiviral immunity.

Elevated LAG-3 on CD4+ T cells negatively correlates with neutralizing antibody response during HCV infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Wenpei Liu ◽  
Ting Xie ◽  
Liyan Huang ◽  
Yabin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Hcv Infection

scholarly journals Microwave-assisted synthesis of chitosan biguanidine hydrochloride and its regulation on InsR and GLUT2 in insulin resistant HepG2 cells

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 10108-10117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengsheng Zhang ◽  
Hai Zhang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xiaofei Liu ◽  
Yuntang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
High Insulin

CSGH increased glucose consumption of HepG2 cells by accelerating the expression of InsR and inhibiting the high-insulin-induced over-expression of GLUT2.

scholarly journals Delayed interval BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination provides robust immunity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Hall ◽  
Victor Ferreira ◽  
Matthew Ierullo ◽  
Terrance Ku ◽  
Beata Majchrzak-Kita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Interval Group ◽  
Standard Interval ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Delayed Group ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract Shortages of COVID-19 vaccines have results in delayed dosing intervals as a strategy to immunize a greater proportion of the population. The effect of this strategy on vaccine immunogenicity is not well studied. Humoral (anti-RBD levels and neutralization) and cellular immune responses were compared in health care workers receiving two doses of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines at standard (3-6 week) and delayed (8-12 week) intervals. In the delayed group, anti-RBD antibody titres were significantly enhanced compared to the standard interval group. Neutralizing antibody responses were excellent and comparable in both groups. A slight decrease in Spike-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T-cells expressing interferon-γ and IL-2 as well as monofunctional CD4+ T-cells was seen in the delayed group. Both polyfunctional and monofunctional CD8+ T-cell responses were comparable. Our data suggest that the strategy of delayed second dose mRNA vaccination is not overtly detrimental, and specifically may lead to an enhanced humoral immune response.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document