Involvement of mitochondria in the control of plant cell NAD(P)H reduction levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan G. Rasmusson ◽  
Sabá V. Wallström
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Functional Interactions ◽  
Central Carbon ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Nadph Oxidation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Stress Dependent

NADPH and NADH mediate reductant flow between cellular processes, linking central carbon and energy metabolism with intermediary metabolism, stress defence and development. Recent investigations have revealed paths of functional interactions, and have suggested that mitochondrial NADPH oxidation, especially together with the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, is an important regulator of the cytosolic NADPH reduction level. Furthermore, stress-dependent metabolic pathways substantially affect the NADPH reduction level in particular physiological situations. The mitochondrial impact on the NADPH reduction level provides a model example of the physiological significance of the mitochondrial NAD(P)H dehydrogenase set-up, which is more complex in plants than in other organisms.

scholarly journals KSHV Reprogramming of Host Energy Metabolism for Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Caixia Zhu ◽  
Yuyan Wang ◽  
Fang Wei ◽  
Qiliang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Central Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Central Carbon ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Infected Cells

Reprogramming of energy metabolism is a key for cancer development. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a human oncogenic herpesvirus, is tightly associated with several human malignancies by infecting B-lymphocyte or endothelial cells. Cancer cell energy metabolism is mainly dominated by three pathways of central carbon metabolism, including aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis, and fatty acid synthesis. Increasing evidence has shown that KSHV infection can alter central carbon metabolic pathways to produce biomass for viral replication, as well as the survival and proliferation of infected cells. In this review, we summarize recent studies exploring how KSHV manipulates host cell metabolism to promote viral pathogenesis, which provides the potential therapeutic targets and strategies for KSHV-associated cancers.

scholarly journals Physiological and Proteomic Responses of Pitaya to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Aihua Wang ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Hongye Ma ◽  
Zhilang Qiu ◽  
Xiaopeng Wen
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Proteome Profile ◽  
Proteomic Responses

Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus L.) is highly tolerant to drought stress. Elucidating the response mechanism of pitaya to drought will substantially contribute to improving crop drought tolerance. In the present study, the physiological and proteomic responses of the pitaya cultivar ‘Zihonglong’ were compared between control seedlings and seedlings exposed to drought stress (−4.9 MPa) induced by polyethylene glycol for 7 days. Drought stress obviously enhanced osmolyte accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzyme activities. Proteomic data revealed drought stress activated several pathways in pitaya, including carbohydrate and energy metabolism at two drought stress treatment time-points (6 h and 3 days). Other metabolic pathways, including those related to aspartate, glutamate, glutathione, and secondary metabolites, were induced more at 3 days than at 6 h, whereas photosynthesis and arginine metabolism were induced exclusively at 6 h. Overall, protein expression changes were consistent with the physiological responses, although there were some differences in the timing. The increases in soluble sugar contents mainly resulted from the degradation and transformation of insoluble carbohydrates. Differentially accumulated proteins in amino acid metabolism may be important for the conversion and accumulation of amino acids. GSH and AsA metabolism and secondary metabolism may play important roles in pitaya as enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems. The enhanced carbohydrate and energy metabolism may provide the energy necessary for initiating the above metabolic pathways. The current study provided the first proteome profile of this species exposed to drought stress, and may clarify the mechanisms underlying the considerable tolerance of pitaya to drought stress.

scholarly journals Redox Regulation of Lipid Mobilization in Adipose Tissues

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1090
Author(s):  
Ursula Abou-Rjeileh ◽  
G. Andres Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Cellular Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Redox Signaling ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Lipid Mobilization ◽  
Cellular Processes

Lipid mobilization in adipose tissues, which includes lipogenesis and lipolysis, is a paramount process in regulating systemic energy metabolism. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are byproducts of cellular metabolism that exert signaling functions in several cellular processes, including lipolysis and lipogenesis. During lipolysis, the adipose tissue generates ROS and RNS and thus requires a robust antioxidant response to maintain tight regulation of redox signaling. This review will discuss the production of ROS and RNS within the adipose tissue, their role in regulating lipolysis and lipogenesis, and the implications of antioxidants on lipid mobilization.

scholarly journals Malonyl-proteome profiles of Staphylococcus aureus reveal lysine malonylation modification in enzymes involved in energy metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Shi ◽  
Jingjing Zhu ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Xiaozhao Tang ◽  
Zushun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Bacterial Physiology ◽  
Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase

Abstract Background Protein lysine malonylation, a novel post-translational modification (PTM), has been recently linked with energy metabolism in bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is the third most important foodborne pathogen worldwide. Nonetheless, substrates and biological roles of malonylation are still poorly understood in this pathogen. Results Using anti-malonyl-lysine antibody enrichment and high-resolution LC-MS/MS analysis, 440 lysine-malonylated sites were identified in 281 proteins of S. aureus strain. The frequency of valine in position − 1 and alanine at + 2 and + 4 positions was high. KEGG pathway analysis showed that six categories were highly enriched, including ribosome, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), valine, leucine, isoleucine degradation, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. In total, 31 malonylated sites in S. aureus shared homology with lysine-malonylated sites previously identified in E. coli, indicating malonylated proteins are highly conserved among bacteria. Key rate-limiting enzymes in central carbon metabolic pathways were also found to be malonylated in S. aureus, namely pyruvate kinase (PYK), 6-phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, and F1F0-ATP synthase. Notably, malonylation sites were found at or near protein active sites, including KH domain protein, thioredoxin, alanine dehydrogenase (ALD), dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (LpdA), pyruvate oxidase CidC, and catabolite control protein A (CcpA), thus suggesting that lysine malonylation may affect the activity of such enzymes. Conclusions Data presented herein expand the current knowledge on lysine malonylation in prokaryotes and indicate the potential roles of protein malonylation in bacterial physiology and metabolism.

Metabolomic profiling of anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110088
Author(s):  
Mingshan Xue ◽  
Yifeng Zeng ◽  
Runpei Lin ◽  
Hui-Qi Qu ◽  
Teng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Stable Phase ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
Anaerobic Energy

While there is no cure for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), its progressive nature and the formidable challenge to manage its symptoms warrant a more extensive study of the pathogenesis and related mechanisms. A new emphasis on COPD study is the change of energy metabolism. For the first time, this study investigated the anaerobic and aerobic energy metabolic pathways in COPD using the metabolomic approach. Metabolomic analysis was used to investigate energy metabolites in 140 COPD patients. The significance of energy metabolism in COPD was comprehensively explored by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease–GOLD grading, acute exacerbation vs. stable phase (either clinical stability or four-week stable phase), age group, smoking index, lung function, and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score. Through comprehensive evaluation, we found that COPD patients have a significant imbalance in the aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolisms in resting state, and a high tendency of anaerobic energy supply mechanism that correlates positively with disease progression. This study highlighted the significance of anaerobic and low-efficiency energy supply pathways in lung injury and linked it to the energy-inflammation-lung ventilatory function and the motion limitation mechanism in COPD patients, which implies a novel therapeutic direction for this devastating disease.

scholarly journals TFEB Signalling-Related MicroRNAs and Autophagy

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 985
Author(s):  
Davide Corà ◽  
Federico Bussolino ◽  
Gabriella Doronzo
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Factor Deficiency ◽  
Transcription Factor Eb ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

The oncogenic Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a member of MITF-TFE family, is known to be the most important regulator of the transcription of genes responsible for the control of lysosomal biogenesis and functions, autophagy, and vesicles flux. TFEB activation occurs in response to stress factors such as nutrient and growth factor deficiency, hypoxia, lysosomal stress, and mitochondrial damage. To reach the final functional status, TFEB is regulated in multimodal ways, including transcriptional rate, post-transcriptional regulation, and post-translational modifications. Post-transcriptional regulation is in part mediated by miRNAs. miRNAs have been linked to many cellular processes involved both in physiology and pathology, such as cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. miRNAs also play a significant role in autophagy, which exerts a crucial role in cell behaviour during stress or survival responses. In particular, several miRNAs directly recognise TFEB transcript or indirectly regulate its function by targeting accessory molecules or enzymes involved in its post-translational modifications. Moreover, the transcriptional programs triggered by TFEB may be influenced by the miRNA-mediated regulation of TFEB targets. Finally, recent important studies indicate that the transcription of many miRNAs is regulated by TFEB itself. In this review, we describe the interplay between miRNAs with TFEB and focus on how these types of crosstalk affect TFEB activation and cellular functions.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of Central Carbon and Energy Metabolism in Bacteria by Redox-Responsive Repressor Rex

2011 ◽  
Vol 194 (5) ◽  
pp. 1145-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Ravcheev ◽  
X. Li ◽  
H. Latif ◽  
K. Zengler ◽  
S. A. Leyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Redox Responsive ◽  
Central Carbon

Evolutionary Consequences of Tradeoffs between Yield and Rate of ATP Production

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Pfeiffer ◽  
Sebastian Bonhoeffer
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Quantitative Properties ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a key compound in the energy metabolism of cells and is required to drive vital biochemical reactions. In heterotrophic organisms ATP production is coupled to the degradation of energy-rich organic material taken up from the environment. In the transfer of the environmental energy to cellular processes heterotrophs face a tradeoff, since the conversion of the environmental energy into ATP cannot be both maximally fast and efficient. Here we show how tradeoffs between rate and yield of ATP production arise firstly from thermodynamical principles, and secondly for the ATP production by respiration and fermentation. Using methods derived from game theory and population dynamics we investigate the evolutionary consequences for both tradeoffs. We show that spatially structured environments enable the evolution of efficient pathways with high yield. The strategies of ATP production realized in a population, however, depend on the quantitative properties of the tradeoffs.

Analysis of isozymes related to energy metabolism of adult Tegillarca granosa

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Su Xiu-Rong ◽  
Lv Zhen-Ming ◽  
Li Tai-Wu ◽  
Liu Zhi-Ming ◽  
Paul K. Chien
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Tegillarca Granosa ◽  
Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Auxiliary Role

AbstractThe isozymes of 10 enzymes connected with energy metabolism in Tegillarca granosa were analysed by vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Esterase and α-amylase are enzymes related to energy intake, their activities were high in the digestive gland. Malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) are enzymes related to energy metabolism. The main energy supply of T. granosa comes from aerobic respiration; anaerobic metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway take an auxiliary role in energy metabolism. The high activity of G-6-PDH in T. granosa might mean a considerable proportion of carbohydrates metabolized through this pathway. This reaction could provide abundant NADP for metabolism in T. granosa. Compared with other shellfish, T. granosa had lower activity of ATPase, which might have some relationship with the amnicolous life and low motility of this animal.

scholarly journals HexR Controls Glucose-Responsive Genes and Central Carbon Metabolism in Neisseria meningitidis

2015 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Antunes ◽  
Giacomo Golfieri ◽  
Francesca Ferlicca ◽  
Marzia M. Giuliani ◽  
Vincenzo Scarlato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Microarray Analysis ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Central Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Carbon

ABSTRACTNeisseria meningitidis, an exclusively human pathogen and the leading cause of bacterial meningitis, must adapt to different host niches during human infection.N. meningitidiscan utilize a restricted range of carbon sources, including lactate, glucose, and pyruvate, whose concentrations vary in host niches. Microarray analysis ofN. meningitidisgrown in a chemically defined medium in the presence or absence of glucose allowed us to identify genes regulated by carbon source availability. Most such genes are implicated in energy metabolism and transport, and some are implicated in virulence. In particular, genes involved in glucose catabolism were upregulated, whereas genes involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle were downregulated. Several genes encoding surface-exposed proteins, including the MafA adhesins andNeisseriasurface protein A, were upregulated in the presence of glucose. Our microarray analysis led to the identification of a glucose-responsivehexR-like transcriptional regulator that controls genes of the central carbon metabolism ofN. meningitidisin response to glucose. We characterized the HexR regulon and showed that thehexRgene is accountable for some of the glucose-responsive regulation;in vitroassays with the purified protein showed that HexR binds to the promoters of the central metabolic operons of the bacterium. Based on DNA sequence alignment of the target sites, we propose a 17-bp pseudopalindromic consensus HexR binding motif. Furthermore,N. meningitidisstrains lackinghexRexpression were deficient in establishing successful bacteremia in an infant rat model of infection, indicating the importance of this regulator for the survival of this pathogenin vivo.IMPORTANCENeisseria meningitidisgrows on a limited range of nutrients during infection. We analyzed the gene expression ofN. meningitidisin response to glucose, the main energy source available in human blood, and we found that glucose regulates many genes implicated in energy metabolism and nutrient transport, as well as some implicated in virulence. We identified and characterized a transcriptional regulator (HexR) that controls metabolic genes ofN. meningitidisin response to glucose. We generated a mutant lacking HexR and found that the mutant was impaired in causing systemic infection in animal models. SinceN. meningitidislacks known bacterial regulators of energy metabolism, our findings suggest that HexR plays a major role in its biology by regulating metabolism in response to environmental signals.

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