Fat-cell heat production, adipose tissue fatty acids, lipoprotein lipase activity and plasma lipoproteins in adiposis dolorosa

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birger Fagher ◽  
Mario Monti ◽  
Peter Nilsson-Ehle ◽  
Björn Åukesson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Additional Patient ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Bicarbonate Buffer ◽  
Adiposis Dolorosa

1. Gluteal adipose tissue was examined in 13 patients with generalized adiposis dolorosa, a clinical condition characterized by painful adiposity with a chronic intractable course. The total metabolic activity of fat cells, isolated by collagenase and suspended in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with glucose and insulin, was assessed by the measurement of heat production at 37°C using microcalorimetry. 2. Fat cells were markedly enlarged; their metabolic activity expressed in terms of μW/g, but not in pW/cell, was significantly decreased when compared with both lean and weight-matched non-painful subjects. Both mean values were, however, significantly higher than in grossly obese subjects with similar mean cell size. Heat production as expressed per g of tissue, but not per cell, was inversely correlated with body mass index. One additional patient had unilateral disease, and fat cells from the painful side had a lower heat production than cells from the unaffected side. 3. The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, as determined by g.c., revealed a significantly increased proportion of monounsaturated (18:1 and 16:1) at the expense of saturated (14:0 and 18:0) fatty acids compared with healthy control subjects. The activity of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase was slightly, but not significantly, decreased. 4. It is concluded that a metabolic pathogenetic factor cannot be ruled out in adiposis dolorosa. As the results do not explain the nature of the diffuse pain, further studies need to be performed.

Adipose tissue in experimental nephrotic syndrome

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Gutman ◽  
Eleazar Shafrir
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
Defective Metabolism ◽  
Inadequate Food Intake

Epididymal adipose tissue of aminonucleoside-treated rats, investigated 3 to 6 days after induction of the nephrotic syndrome, had low glycogen levels and showed impaired esterification of free fatty acids and assimilation of lipoprotein triglyceride and markedly reduced liberation of lipoprotein lipase. These results were found to be influenced by the inadequate food intake of the acutely nephrotic animals and comparable to the values of control rats fasted for 2 days. On return to adequate nutrition, which occurred 12–20 days after aminonucleoside treatment, adipose tissue glycogen and free fatty acid assimilation returned toward normal levels but lipoprotein-lipase liberation remained below normal. In rats rendered nephrotic by antikidney serum, the assimilation of free fatty acids and lipoprotein-triglyceride by adipose tissue was impaired in spite of only minor reduction in food consumption. The results indicate that the defective metabolism of adipose tissue in nephrotic animals may be contributory to the nephrotic hypertriglyceridemia.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effects of DHA and Sucrose on Body Weight Gain in PUFA-Deficient Elovl2 -/- Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 852
Author(s):  
Pauter ◽  
Fischer ◽  
Bengtsson ◽  
Asadi ◽  
Talamonti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Sucrose

The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is implicated in theregulation of both lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, we questioned whether dietary DHAand low or high content of sucrose impact on metabolism in mice deficient for elongation of verylong-chain fatty acids 2 (ELOVL2), an enzyme involved in the endogenous DHA synthesis. Wefound that Elovl2 -/- mice fed a high-sucrose DHA-enriched diet followed by the high sucrose, highfat challenge significantly increased body weight. This diet affected the triglyceride rich lipoproteinfraction of plasma lipoproteins and changed the expression of several genes involved in lipidmetabolism in a white adipose tissue. Our findings suggest that lipogenesis in mammals issynergistically influenced by DHA dietary and sucrose content.

The 1990 Borden Award Lecture Dietary regulation of fatty acid and triglyceride metabolism

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1637-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene R. Herzberg
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Dietary Fish

The level of circulating triacylglycerols is determined by the balance between their delivery into the plasma and their removal from it. Plasma triacylglycerols are derived either from dietary fat as chylomicrons or from endogenous hepatic synthesis as very low density lipoproteins. Their removal occurs through the action of lipoprotein lipase after which the fatty acids are either stored in adipose tissue or oxidized, primarily in skeletal muscle and heart. The composition of the diet has been shown to influence many of these processes. Hepatic fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol secretion are affected by the quantity and composition of dietary fat, carbohydrate, and protein. Polyunsaturated but not saturated fats reduce hepatic fatty acid synthesis by decreasing the amount of the lipogenic enzymes needed for de novo fatty acid synthesis. Dietary fish oils are particularly effective at reducing both fatty acid synthesis and triacylglycerol secretion and as a result are hypotriacylglycerolemic, particularly in hypertriacylglycerolemic individuals. In addition, dietary fish oils can increase the oxidation of fatty acids and lead to increased activity of lipoprotein lipase in skeletal muscle and heart. It appears that the hypotriacylglycerolemic effect of dietary fish oils is mediated by effects on both synthesis and removal of circulating triacylglycerols.Key words: lipid, fish oil, fructose, liver, adipose tissue, oxidation.

scholarly journals Effect of nutrition on subcellular localization of rat fat-cell lipoprotein lipase

1978 ◽  
Vol 172 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vanhove ◽  
C Wolf ◽  
M Breton ◽  
M C Glangeaud
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Isolated Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Intact Tissue

This study supports the possibility for multiple subcellular forms of lipoprotein lipase. 1. The total activity of lipoprotein lipase per g of intact epididymal adipose tissue from fed rats is much higher than that from starved rats. 2. The isolated fat-cells of fed and of starved rats have lipoprotein lipase of almost the same activity per g of fat-pads. The isolated fat-cells of starved rats have a much higher proportion of total activity per g of the intact tissue than do those of fed rats. 3. Under the conditions of homogenization used, only a small proportion of the total activity per g of intact tissue from fed rats was associated with the fat layer which floated to the top of the homogenate during low-speed centrifugation. The different proportions of the specific enzyme activity found in each subcellular fraction are described. 4. Lipoprotein lipase from plasma membranes and microsomal fractions from starved and fed rats was purified by affinity chromatography. 5. The total activity of microsomal lipoprotein lipase per g of intact adipose tissue is enhanced by a normal diet. 6. In intact epididymal adipose tissue from fed rats, the activity per g of tissue of lipoprotein lipase of plasma membranes is much higher than that in the same fraction from starved rats. By contrast, the activities per g of tissue in plasma membranes obtained from starved or from fed rats by collagenase treatment were similar.

scholarly journals Sequential changes in plasma lipoproteins and body fat composition during polyunsaturated fat feeding in man

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shepherd ◽  
Jennifer M. Stewart ◽  
Janice G. Clark ◽  
Kay Carr
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Fat Feeding

1. The early effects of a moderate polyunsaturated fat diet on the composition of circulating lipoproteins and adipose tissue fatty acids were measured in five healthy adults.2. The fatty acid content and gross composition of the three major plasma lipoprotein fractions altered within 7 d of treatment. The response of depot fat was slower but did show a significant and progressive change after 14 d on the diet.3. The efficiency of the moderate diet in changing the composition of the lipoproteins suggests that it should be equally dfective in altering their metabolic handling.

Lipoprotein lipase: from gene to obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. E271-E288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Robert H. Eckel
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Tissue Specific

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a multifunctional enzyme produced by many tissues, including adipose tissue, cardiac and skeletal muscle, islets, and macrophages. LPL is the rate-limiting enzyme for the hydrolysis of the triglyceride (TG) core of circulating TG-rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons, and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). LPL-catalyzed reaction products, fatty acids, and monoacylglycerol are in part taken up by the tissues locally and processed differentially; e.g., they are stored as neutral lipids in adipose tissue, oxidized, or stored in skeletal and cardiac muscle or as cholesteryl ester and TG in macrophages. LPL is regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels in a tissue-specific manner. Nutrient states and hormonal levels all have divergent effects on the regulation of LPL, and a variety of proteins that interact with LPL to regulate its tissue-specific activity have also been identified. To examine this divergent regulation further, transgenic and knockout murine models of tissue-specific LPL expression have been developed. Mice with overexpression of LPL in skeletal muscle accumulate TG in muscle, develop insulin resistance, are protected from excessive weight gain, and increase their metabolic rate in the cold. Mice with LPL deletion in skeletal muscle have reduced TG accumulation and increased insulin action on glucose transport in muscle. Ultimately, this leads to increased lipid partitioning to other tissues, insulin resistance, and obesity. Mice with LPL deletion in the heart develop hypertriglyceridemia and cardiac dysfunction. The fact that the heart depends increasingly on glucose implies that free fatty acids are not a sufficient fuel for optimal cardiac function. Overall, LPL is a fascinating enzyme that contributes in a pronounced way to normal lipoprotein metabolism, tissue-specific substrate delivery and utilization, and the many aspects of obesity and other metabolic disorders that relate to energy balance, insulin action, and body weight regulation.

scholarly journals Selective release of human adipocyte fatty acids according to molecular structure

1997 ◽  
Vol 324 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry RACLOT ◽  
Dominique LANGIN ◽  
Max LAFONTAN ◽  
René GROSCOLAS
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Obese Women

The objective of the present study was to investigate the mobilization of individual fatty acids from human white fat cells. Mammary adipose tissue from eight healthy non-obese women in their normal dietary state was collected, and isolated adipocytes were incubated with lipolytic agents. The mobilization of 34 individual fatty acids was measured by comparing the composition of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) with that of the triacylglycerols (TAG) from which they originated through lipolysis. Compared with TAG, NEFA were enriched in some polyunsaturated fatty acids with 18–20 carbon atoms. Conversely, the percentage of very-long-chain (20–22 carbon atoms) saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids was approx. 2 times lower in NEFA than in TAG. The relative mobilization (% in NEFA/% in TAG) of the most readily mobilized fatty acid (C20:5,n-3; 2.25) was more than 6-fold higher than that of the least readily mobilized (C22:1,n-11; 0.37). Relationships were found between the molecular structure of fatty acids and their mobilization rate. For a given chain length, the relative mobilization rate increased with increasing unsaturation, whereas for a given unsaturation, it decreased with increasing chain length. The relative mobilization rate for essential fatty acids decreased in the following order: C20:5,n-3 > C20:4,n-6 > C18:3,n-3 > C18:2,n-6 > C22:6,n-3. Interestingly, C20:5,n-3 and C20:4,n-6, which are respectively precursors of the 3- and 2-series of prostaglandins, were preferentially mobilized. It is concluded that fatty acids are selectively mobilized from human fat cells according to molecular structure, in full agreement with animal studies. By modulating the qualitative fatty acid supply to organs and by remodelling the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, this selectivity would be relevant for consideration in physiology, health and epidemiology.

scholarly journals Regulation of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Samra
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Metabolic Fuel ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Hormone Sensitive

Adipose tissue is a major source of metabolic fuel. This metabolic fuel is stored in the form of triacylglycerol. Lipolysis of triacylglycerol yields non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol. In human subjects in vivo studies of the regulation of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue have been difficult because of the heterogeneous nature of the tissue and lack of a vascular pedicle. In the last decade the methodology of study of adipose tissue has improved with the advent of the anterior abdominal wall adipose tissue preparation technique and microdialysis. These techniques have demonstrated that lipid metabolism in adipose tissue is finely coordinated during feeding and fasting cycles, in order to provide metabolic fuel when required. Lipolysis takes place both in extracellular and intracellular space. The extracellular lipolysis is regulated by lipoprotein lipase and the intracellular lipolysis is regulated by hormone-sensitive lipase. In pathophysiological conditions such as trauma, sepsis and starvation profound changes are induced in the regulation of lipid metabolism. The increased mobilization of lipid fuel is brought about by the differential actions of various counter-regulatory hormones on adipose tissue blood flow and adipose tissue lipolysis through lipoprotein lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase, resulting in increased availability of non-esterified fatty acids as a source of fuel. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that adipose tissue produces various cytokines and these cytokines can have paracrine and endocrine effects. It would appear that adipose tissue has the ability to regulate lipid metabolism locally as well as at distant sites such as liver, muscle and brain. In future, it is likely that the mechanisms that lead to the secondary effects of lipid metabolism on atheroma, immunity and carcinogenesis will be demonstrated.

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