scholarly journals Sequential changes in plasma lipoproteins and body fat composition during polyunsaturated fat feeding in man

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Shepherd ◽  
Jennifer M. Stewart ◽  
Janice G. Clark ◽  
Kay Carr
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Fat Composition ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
Fat Feeding

1. The early effects of a moderate polyunsaturated fat diet on the composition of circulating lipoproteins and adipose tissue fatty acids were measured in five healthy adults.2. The fatty acid content and gross composition of the three major plasma lipoprotein fractions altered within 7 d of treatment. The response of depot fat was slower but did show a significant and progressive change after 14 d on the diet.3. The efficiency of the moderate diet in changing the composition of the lipoproteins suggests that it should be equally dfective in altering their metabolic handling.

Similar distribution of trans fatty acid isomers in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils and adipose tissue of Canadians

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 718-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Y. Chen ◽  
W. M. N. Ratnayake ◽  
L. Fortier ◽  
R. Ross ◽  
S. C. Cunnane
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acid ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Isomer Distribution ◽  
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils

The objective of this study was to evaluate the composition of trans fatty acids in the subcutaneous fat of Canadians relative to the composition of dietary sources of trans fatty acids. The fatty acid composition, total trans fatty acid content, and the geometric and positional isomer distribution of unsaturated fatty acids of subcutaneous adipose tissue of Canadians were determined using a combination of capillary gas–liquid chromatography and silver nitrate thin-layer chromatography. The mean total trans fatty acid content was 6.80% at the abdominal site and 5.80% at the lateral thigh site. Total trans isomers of linoleic acid (18:2n−6) were present at 1.17% in abdominal and 1.59% in thigh adipose tissue, with 9c,12t-18:2 being the most prevalent isomer followed by 9c-13t-18:2 and 9t,12c,-18:2. The oleic acid (18:1) trans isomer distribution in adipose tissue differed from that in butter fat, but it was similar to that in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. The reverse was true for the 18:1 cis isomers. Total 18:1 trans isomers were inversely related to 18:2n−6 content in adipose tissue, suggesting the trans fatty acid intake is inversely related to the intake of linoleic acid. Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils appear to be the major source of trans fatty acids in adipose tissue of Canadians.Key words: trans fatty acids, adipose tissue, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, linoleic acid.

Non-Dependence of the Saturation of Depot Fat on Temperature and Photoperiod in a Hibernating Mosquito

1967 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
EMILE VAN HANDEL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Fat Composition

1. The fatty acid composition of the triglycerides synthesized from sugar was determined in female Culex pipiens, a mosquito that overwinters in the adult stage. 2. The fat had approximately the same composition when synthesized at 5, 10, 20, or 30° C. 3. At each of these temperatures the fat composition was the same, whether a photo-period of 8 hr. or of 14 hr. was used. 4. The main fatty acids were palmitic (30%), palmitoleic (50%) and oleic acid (15%). 5. These results do not support a hypothesis that adipose tissue of poikilothermic animals synthesizes a more unsaturated fat under winter conditions.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Composition in Various Types of Cardiac Adipose Tissues and Its Relation to the Fatty Acid Content of Atrial Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Hjelmgaard ◽  
Rikke Eschen ◽  
Erik Schmidt ◽  
Jan Andreasen ◽  
Søren Lundbye-Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Right Atrial ◽  
Elective Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Atrial Tissue ◽  
Pericardial Adipose Tissue

Diet, with its content of various types of fatty acids (FAs), is of great importance for cellular function. Adipose tissue (AT) serves as a storage for dietary FAs, but after appropriate activation it may also offer important biological properties, e.g., by releasing adipokines and cytokines to the surrounding milieu. Such effects may depend on the diet and type of FA involved. Similarly, the composition of FAs in the heart is also likely to be important for cardiac function. We investigated samples of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), pericardial adipose tissue (PAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), and tissue from the right atrial appendage to compare the FA compositions in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Minor differences among AT compartments were found, while the comparison of atrial tissue and EAT showed major differences in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These findings may be of importance for understanding biological availability, dietary effects, and the effects of FAs on the heart.

Effect of breed on the deposition in beef muscle and adipose tissue of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Choi ◽  
M. Enser ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
N. D. Scollan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipid ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Pufa Ratio ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Holstein Friesian

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on muscle fatty acid composition and content in two cattle breeds; the Holstein-Friesian, a dairy breed, and the Welsh Black, a traditional beef breed. Animals were kept on ad libitum grass silage and one of three concentrates varying in the source of fat; Megalac (high in C16 : 0), formaldehyde treated whole linseed (high in C18 : 3 n-3) and a combination of formaldehyde treated whole linseed and fish oil (high in C20 : 5 n-3 and C22 : 6 n-3). The concentrates were offered at approximately 0·4 of total dry matter intake. Samples of m. longissimus thoracis from Holstein-Friesians contained higher total amounts of fatty acids (P < 0·05) than that of Welsh Blacks in neutral lipid, but the phospholipid fatty acid content was similar between the breeds. Over all treatments, the proportion of C18 : 3 n-3 was higher (P < 0·001) in muscle neutral lipid of Welsh Blacks and the proportions of C18 : 3 n-3 and C18 : 1 trans were higher (P < 0·05 and P < 0·001, respectively) in their subcutaneous adipose tissue. Feeding linseed increased the amounts of C18 : 3 n-3 and also C20 : 5 n-3 in muscle phospholipids suggesting chain elongation and desaturation of C18 : 3 n-3 had occurred. The concentration of C20 : 5 n-3 was significantly higher (P < 0·05) in muscle phospholipids of Welsh Blacks while no differences were found for C18 : 3 n-3 and C22 : 6 n–3. However, when expressed as a proportion of total fatty acids, both C20 : 5 n-3 and C18 : 3 n-3 were significantly higher (P < 0·001) in the Welsh Black phospholipids. These differences resulted in a significantly higher P : S ratio of the muscle total fat (P < 0·05) in the Welsh Black than in the Holstein-Friesian but P : S was not affected by diet. On the other hand, the n-6 : n-3 PUFA ratio was significantly lower in the Welsh Black, reflecting the higher n-3 PUFA content. This ratio was lower in the linseed and the mixed treatments for both breeds, reflecting higher delivery of n-3 PUFA from these diets. Fortification of the diet with sources of PUFA and exploiting breed differences offer the potential to develop systems to increase human intakes of n-3 PUFA in line with current nutritional recommendations.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation and Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Fatty Acid Profile of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Ewa Szpunar-Krok ◽  
Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska ◽  
Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro ◽  
Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek ◽  
Andrzej Kotecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

Soybean is a valuable protein and oilseed crop ranked among the most significant of the major crops. Field experiments were carried out in 2016–2019 in South-East Poland. The influence of soybean cultivars (Aldana, Annushka), nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60 kg∙ha−1 N) and inoculation with B. japonicum (control, HiStick® Soy, Nitragina) on the content of fatty acids (FA) in soybean seeds was investigated in a three-factorial experiment. This study confirms the genetic determinants of fatty acid composition in soybean seeds and their differential accumulation levels for C16:0, C16:1, C18:1n9, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:0 as well saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Increasing the rate from 30 to 60 kg ha−1 N did not produce the expected changes, suggesting the use of only a “starter” rate of 30 kg ha−1 N. Inoculation of soybean seeds with a strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (HiStick® Soy, BASF, Littlehampton, UK and Nitragina, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland) is recommended as it will cause a decrease in SFA and C16:0 acid levels. This is considered nutritionally beneficial as its contribution to total fatty acids determines the hypercholesterolemic index, and it is the third most accumulated fatty acid in soybean seeds. The interaction of cultivars and inoculation formulation on fatty acid content of soybean seeds was demonstrated. An increase in the value of C16:0 content resulted in a decrease in the accumulation of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 acids. The content of each decreased by almost one unit for every 1% increase in C16:0 content. The dominant effect of weather conditions on the FA profile and C18:2n6/C18:3n3 ratio was demonstrated. This suggests a need for further evaluation of the genetic progress of soybean cultivars with respect to fatty acid composition and content under varying habitat conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Pork Meat Replacement by Fish Products on Fatty Acid Content, Physicochemical, and Sensory Properties of Pork Pâtés

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Piotr Skałecki ◽  
Agnieszka Kaliniak-Dziura ◽  
Piotr Domaradzki ◽  
Mariusz Florek ◽  
Ewa Poleszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Sensory Properties ◽  
Control Group

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the addition of fish raw materials (roe or fish meat) on the quality and nutritional value of pork pâtés. The control group (n = 4) consisted of pork pâtés, I experimental group (n = 6) of pâtés with 20% addition of roe (perch and pike), and II group of pâtés with 20% addition of fish (perch and pike meat) (n = 6). The pâtés’ pH, color, and profiled texture analysis were instrumentally measured and water, protein, fat, ash, and fatty acid content were determined by reference methods. To assess the oxidative stability of lipids the measurement of peroxide number, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and content of conjugated dienes and trienes was used. The degree of fat hydrolysis was determined on the basis of acid value. Sensory analysis was carried out using the scaling method, taking into account 12 unit quality characteristics. Products with roe and meat contained less fat (accordingly 15.9% and 14.1%) and showed lower calorific value (accordingly 225.6 and 208.6 kcal/100 g) compared to pork pâtés (20.2% of lipids, 267 kcal/100 g). Moreover, the addition of fish raw materials improved the index of nutritional quality for protein (from 3.2 to 3.9) and beneficially reduced the nutritional index for fat (from 2.2 to 1.9). Fish constituents modified, to a certain extent, the color, texture, and sensory properties of pâtés, while maintaining full acceptability in consumer assessment. The addition of fish roe significantly increased the healthful quality by improving the fatty acid profile of pâtés, in which the significantly highest content of n-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (accordingly 252.21, 43.17, and 107.94 mg/100 g product), as well the highest concentration of saturated branched chain fatty acids were determined (18.75 mg/100 g product).

scholarly journals Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Content and NMR Metabolic Profile of Dorper Sheep Supplemented with Bypass Fats

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Atique Ahmed Behan ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽  
Teck Chwen Loh ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dorper Sheep

The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat’s fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.

Effects of cold acclimation on lipid metabolism in adipose tissue

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Patkin ◽  
E. J. Masoro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Synthetic Capacity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Cold acclimation is known to alter hepatic lipid metabolism. Liver slices from cold-acclimated rats have a greatly depressed capacity to synthesize long-chain fatty acids from acctate-1-C14. Since adipose tissue is the major site of lipogenic activity in the intact animal, its fatty acid synthetic capacity was studied. In contrast to the liver, it was found that adipose tissue from the cold-acclimated rat synthesized three to six times as much long-chain fatty acids per milligram of tissue protein as the adipose tissue from the control rat living at 25°C. Evidence is presented indicating that adipose tissue from cold-acclimated and control rats esterify long-chain fatty acids at the same rate. The ability of adipose tissue to oxidize palmitic acid to CO2 was found to be unaltered by cold acclimation. The fate of the large amount of fatty acid synthesized in the adipose tissue of cold-acclimated rats is discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets fed to sows on fatty acids in brain, muscle and skin of their piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
I De Gasperín ◽  
J.G. Vicente ◽  
J.M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
F Montiel ◽  
R Loeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Pork Lard ◽  
Piglet Survival

The aim of this research was to determine fatty acid profiles in piglet brain, skin, and muscle, and in the milk of sows fed fat with different saturation grades during gestation and lactation. At 42 days of gestation, 50 multiparous sows were randomly allocated to one of two treatments, namely a diet containing pork lard (n = 25) and a diet containing soybean oil (n = 25). The fats were provided at 3.6% during gestation and at 4% during lactation. The experimental diets were offered through the weaning of the piglets. The fatty acid profile of the milk was determined fourteen days after parturition. At weaning (21 days postpartum) and seven days later, one of the piglets (n = 64) from 16 sows allocated to each treatment was selected at random to determine fatty acid profiles in brain, skin and muscle. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in the diet with pork lard than in that with soybean oil, in which the polyunsaturated fat content was higher. A higher saturation of fatty acids was found in milk from the sows that consumed pork lard, which contained more saturated fatty acids than the milk from sows that consumed soybean oil. The fatty acid profiles in muscle and skin of the piglets were affected by the diet of the sows. However, the fatty acid profile of the piglets’ brains was not affected by the diet of their mothers. Keywords: fat saturation, lard, piglet survival, sow feeding, soybean oil

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