scholarly journals Development of gasification process technology for the production of environmentally friendly and sustainable syngas in Wood Processing Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Nani Harihastuti ◽  
Rustiana yuliasni
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Gasification Process

One potential bioenergy that has not been explored to its full is the bioenergy potential of wood processing industry waste. The wood processing industry’s waste from saw mill wood is an alternative fuel substitute for IDO or MFO which has been widely used in the wood processing industry. The calorific value of saw mill wood waste is around 2,600 -3,400 kcal / kg, because there are many cellulose, sulfur, lignin, water biomass and so on. If the use is burned, it will directly give potential environmental impacts in the form of emission gas pollution in the form of Fly Ash, CO2, NOx and CxHy. This method is considered less efficient and gives less value. This study aims to obtain renewable energy sources by converting sawmill wood solid fuel wood processing industry into clean, sustainable and high-calorie gas fuel (syngas) as well as preventing air pollution. The method used is the development of gasification process technology in the burner vesel fluidized bed reactor with a controlled, low oxygen vertical perforated blade installation, resulting in Syngas. Through the gasification process, saw mill wood waste can be converted into gas that is more flammable with higher calorific value and environmentally friendly (clean energy). Syngas technology will be designed based on the principle of imperfect / oxygen-poor combustion at temperatures of 300 – 500°C, inside the closed vesel, so that the gas formed is CO, H2 and CxHx gas. The output is the development of gasification process technology that produces bioenergy syngas can be used in the substitution of boiler fuel for an environmentally friendly wood drying process.

scholarly journals ENHANCEMENT OF THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF EM1707PTY FRUIT BUNCH (EFB) BY ADDING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AS SOLID FUEL IN GASIFICATION PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Amadou Dioulde Donghol Diallo ◽  
Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Maizirwan Mel
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Gasification Process

Empty fruit bunch (EFB), a biomass-based waste, was deemed a potential replacement for fossil fuel. It is renewable and carbon neutral. The efficient management of this potential energy will help to deal with the problem associated with fossil fuels. However, a key parameter for evaluating the quality of raw material (EFB) as a fuel in energy applications is the calorific value (CV). When this CV is low, then its potential utilization as feedstock will be restricted. To tackle this shortcoming, we propose to add municipal solid waste to enhance energetic value. Thus, two major issues will be solved: managing solid residues and contributing an alternative energy source. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of mixing EFB and municipal solid waste (MSW) to make clean energy that is conscious of the environment (climate change) and sustainable development. The selected MSW, comprising of plastics, textiles, foam, and cardboard, were mixed, with EFB at various ratios. Proximate analysis was used to determine moisture content, ash, volatiles, and fixed carbon, whilst elemental analysis, is used to determine CHNS/O for MSW, EFB and their various mixtures. The CV of each element was also measured. The research revealed a significant increase in the calorific value of EFB by mixing it with MSW according to MSW/EFB ratios: 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 and 1.50 the corresponding calorific values in (MJ/kg) were 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 and 28.47 respectively. While the calorific value of pure EFB was 16.86 MJ/kg, the mixing of EFB with MSW promoted the increase in the CV of EFB to an average of 23.83MJ/kg. Another potential environmental benefit of applying this likely fuel was the low chlorine (0.21 wt. % to 0.95 wt. %) and sulfur concentrations (0.041 wt. % to 0.078 wt.%). This potential fuel could be used as solid refuse fuel (SRF) or refuse-derived fuel (RDF) in a pyrolysis or gasification process with little to no environmental effects. ABSTRAK: Tandan buah kosong (EFB), sisa berasaskan biojisim, adalah berpotensi sebagai pengganti bahan bakar fosil. Ia boleh diperbaharui dan karbon neutral. Pengurusan berkesan pada potensi tenaga ini dapat membantu mengatasi masalah melibatkan bahan bakar fosil. Namun, kunci parameter bagi menilai kualiti bahan mentah (EFB) sebagai bahan bakar dalam aplikasi tenaga adalah nilai kalori (CV). Apabila CV rendah, potensi menjadi stok suapan adalah terhad. Sebagai penyelesaian, kajian ini mencadangkan sisa pepejal bandaran ditambah bagi meningkatkan nilai tenaga. Oleh itu, dua isu besar dapat diselesaikan: mengurus sisa pepejal dan menambah sumber tenaga alternatif. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi campuran tandan buah kosong (EFB) dan sisa pepejal bandaran (MSW) bagi menghasilkan tenaga bersih dari sudut persekitaran (perubahan iklim) dan pembangunan lestari. Pemilihan MSW, terdiri daripada plastik, tekstil, gabus dan kadbod, dicampurlan dengan pelbagai nisbah EFB. Analisis proksimat telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan  kandungan kelembapan, abu, ruapan, dan karbon tetap, manakala analisis asas telah digunakan bagi mendapatkan CHNS/O bersama MSW, EFB dan pelbagai campuran lain. Nilai kalori (CV) setiap elemen turut diukur. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan penambahan ketara dalam nilai kalori EFB dengan campuran bersama MSW berdasarkan nisbah MSW/EFB 0.25; 0.42; 0.66; 1.00 dan 1.50 nilai kalori sepadan (MJ/kg) adalah 19.77; 21.22; 22.67; 27.04 dan 28.47 masing-masing. Manakala nilai kalori EFB tulen adalah 16.86 MJ/kg, campuran EFB dan MSW menunjukkan kenaikan CV dengan EFB pada purata 23.83MJ/kg. Antara potensi semula jadi lain adalah dengan mencampurkan bahan bakar ini dengan kalori rendah (0.21 wt. % kepada 0.95 wt. %) dan kepekatan sulfur (0.041 wt. % kepada 0.078 wt.%). Bahan bakar ini berpotensi sebagai bahan bakar pepejal sampah (SRF) atau bahan bakar yang terhasil dari pepejal sampah (RDF) melalui proses pirolisis atau proses gasifikasi yang sedikit atau tiada kesan langsung terhadap persekitaran.

Research of recycling process of wood processing industry wastes

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Afet Anvar Khalilova ◽  
◽  
Dilara Ilham Mammadova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Ecological Problem ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Industry Needs

An analysis of the literature and statistics suggests that in Western Europe and many other countries, people have turned to clean fuels and waste-free production in the last decade. With the active support of governments and subsidies to support the work, commercial projects based on wood waste recycling are expected to develop more actively over time.Developing trends in the West always or almost always seem to be ambassadors of trade trends. For this reason, they are worth paying attention to in our country. The growing global demand for environmentally friendly and affordable energy sources must be taken into account. The wood processing industry needs a wider budget and more attention to the recycling process. Key words: Waste, ecological problem, solid waste, wood waste, wood processing

Direct ammonia fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A comprehensive review on challenges, opportunities and future outlooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Asmare ◽  
Mustafa Ilbas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Green Fuel

Nowadays, the most decisive challenges we are fronting are perfectly clean energy making for equitable and sustainable modern energy access, and battling the emerging alteration of the climate. This is because, carbon-rich fuels are the fundamental supply of utilized energy for strengthening human society, and it will be sustained in the near future. In connection with this, electrochemical technologies are an emerging and domineering tool for efficiently transforming the existing scarce fossil fuels and renewable energy sources into electric power with a trivial environmental impact. Compared with conventional power generation technologies, SOFC that operate at high temperature is emerging as a frontrunner to convert the fuels chemical energy into electric power and permits the deployment of varieties of fuels with negligible ecological destructions. According to this critical review, direct ammonia is obtained as a primary possible choice and price-effective green fuel for T-SOFCs. This is because T-SOFCs have higher volumetric power density, mechanically stable, and high thermal shocking resistance. Also, there is no sealing issue problem which is the chronic issues of the planar one. As a result, the toxicity of ammonia to use as a fuel is minimized if there may be a leakage during operation. It is portable and manageable that can be work everywhere when there is energy demand. Besides, manufacturing, onboard hydrogen deposition, and transportation infrastructure connected snags of hydrogen will be solved using ammonia. Ammonia is a low-priced carbon-neutral source of energy and has more stored volumetric energy compared with hydrogen. Yet, to utilize direct NH3 as a means of hydrogen carrier and an alternative green fuel in T-SOFCs practically determining the optimum operating temperatures, reactant flow rates, electrode porosities, pressure, the position of the anode, thickness and diameters of the tube are still requiring further improvement. Therefore, mathematical modeling ought to be developed to determine these parameters before planning for experimental work. Also, a performance comparison of AS, ES, and CS- T-SOFC powered with direct NH3 will be investigated and best-performed support will be carefully chosen for practical implementation and an experimental study will be conducted for verification based on optimum parameter values obtained from numerical modeling.

Power Projects and Covid-19: A Practical Analysis of the Relevance of Force Majeure Clauses under the Standardised Power Purchase and Implementation Agreements of Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Aisha Naiga ◽  
Loyola Rwabose Karobwa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Force Majeure ◽  
Practical Analysis ◽  
Energy Justice

Over 90% of Uganda's power is generated from renewable sources. Standardised Implementation Agreements and Power Purchase Agreements create a long-term relationship between Generating Companies and the state-owned off-taker guaranteed by Government. The COVID-19 pandemic and measures to curb the spread of the virus have triggered the scrutiny and application of force majeure (FM) clauses in these agreements. This article reviews the FM clauses and considers their relevance. The authors submit that FM clauses are a useful commercial tool for achieving energy justice by ensuring the continuity of the project, despite the dire effects of the pandemic. Proposals are made for practical considerations for a post-COVID-19 future which provides the continued pursuit of policy goals of promoting renewable energy sources and increasing access to clean energy, thus accelerating just energy transitions.

PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUEL FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS AND WASTE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
O. M. Salamov ◽  
F. F. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

Resources provision of woodworking industries in Ukraine: cross-national and inter-regional comparisons

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wood Processing

Sufficient supply of woodworking with raw materials while preserving the ecology and rational use of wood is a necessary condition for the functioning of the woodworking industry as one of the key segments of the national economy. The issue is of particular importance given the deepening of world integration processes and the introduction of a moratorium on timber exports from Ukraine. It actualizes the study of the state and dynamics of the formation of raw materials potential of domestic woodworks. The purpose of the article is a structural and dynamic assessment of the economic and environmental aspects of formation of the resource potential of Ukrainian woodworks in comparison with the countries of the European Union, as well as in the regional section by types of wood. In the structure of merchantable wood harvested in Ukraine, fuel wood share increased by 4.3 pp. during 2011-2016, whereas in 2017 it increased by 3.8 pp. compared to 2016 and amounted to 61.4%. Unlike in Ukraine, in the vast majority of EU countries business timber is the basis of the structure of harvested merchantable timber. Thus, in the neighboring countries with similar forest landscape – Poland and the Czech Republic – the share of fuel wood in 2017 was 11.6% and 12.3%, in Slovakia – only 6.3%, and in the EU as a whole – 23. 2%. Hence, the significant deterioration of the structure of the harvested merchantable timber in Ukraine can be interpreted as a threat to environmental, and therefore to national security. On the other hand, the results of the assessments revealed an increase in the volume of commercial timber harvesting in Ukraine (in 18 regions) in 2018, as well as in the level of forest reproduction in the leading regions from the harvesting of merchantable timber (Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Rivne regions) and a decrease in the death rate. The restoration of the logical patterns between the dynamics of the loss of stands and the harvesting of commercial and fuel wood are signs of the beginning of positive tendencies in ensuring the preservation and rationalization of raw potential of domestic woodworks and, at the same time, improving the conditions for deepening the level of wood processing. Further authors’ research in this area will be devoted to the search for effective forms of wood industry development in Ukraine, in particular in the Western region.

scholarly journals Quality assessment of gas produced from different types of biomass pellets in gasification process

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Mikeska ◽  
Jan Najser ◽  
Václav Peer ◽  
Jaroslav Frantík ◽  
Jan Kielar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Gas ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cleaning Technology

Gas from the gasification of pellets made from renewable sources of energy or from lower-quality fuels often contains a number of pollutants. This may cause technical difficulties during the gas use in internal combustion gas engines used for energy and heat cogeneration. Therefore, an adequate system of gas cleaning must be selected. In line with such requirements, this paper focuses on the characterization and comparison of gases produced from different types of biomass during gasification. The biomass tested was wood, straw, and hay pellets. The paper gives a detailed description and evaluation of the measurements from a fix-bed gasifier for the properties of the produced gases, raw fuels, tar composition, and its particle content before and after the cleaning process. The results of elemental composition, net calorific value, moisture, and ash content show that the cleaned gases are suitable for internal combustion engine-based cogeneration systems, but unsuitable for gas turbines, where a different cleaning technology would be needed.

scholarly journals Experimental study on integrated biomass pyrolysis and gasification process from teak wood waste: preliminary

2020 ◽  
Vol 1700 ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
Mujiyono ◽  
D Nurhadiyanto ◽  
H Pratiwi ◽  
GD Pratama ◽  
P Priyono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Teak Wood

scholarly journals Forecasting and Modelling the Uncertainty of Low Voltage Network Demand and the Effect of Renewable Energy Sources

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2151
Author(s):  
Feras Alasali ◽  
Husam Foudeh ◽  
Esraa Mousa Ali ◽  
Khaled Nusair ◽  
William Holderbaum
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Demand Forecast ◽  
Pv System

More and more households are using renewable energy sources, and this will continue as the world moves towards a clean energy future and new patterns in demands for electricity. This creates significant novel challenges for Distribution Network Operators (DNOs) such as volatile net demand behavior and predicting Low Voltage (LV) demand. There is a lack of understanding of modern LV networks’ demand and renewable energy sources behavior. This article starts with an investigation into the unique characteristics of householder demand behavior in Jordan, connected to Photovoltaics (PV) systems. Previous studies have focused mostly on forecasting LV level demand without considering renewable energy sources, disaggregation demand and the weather conditions at the LV level. In this study, we provide detailed LV demand analysis and a variety of forecasting methods in terms of a probabilistic, new optimization learning algorithm called the Golden Ratio Optimization Method (GROM) for an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model for rolling and point forecasting. Short-term forecasting models have been designed and developed to generate future scenarios for different disaggregation demand levels from households, small cities, net demands and PV system output. The results show that the volatile behavior of LV networks connected to the PV system creates substantial forecasting challenges. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for the ANN-GROM model improved by 41.2% for household demand forecast compared to the traditional ANN model.

scholarly journals ANALISYS OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF A MODIFIED SOLAR COLLECTOR TYPE EVACUATED TUBE

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 03
Author(s):  
E. Avallone ◽  
A. I. Sato ◽  
V. L. Scalon ◽  
A. Padilha
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Transient Heat Flow ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Experimental Problem ◽  
Evacuated Tube

The need of renewable energy sources due to climate change and thus the search for clean energy sources, justify the growing investment on new types of solar collectors. The research has contributed to this expansion in the scope of solar concentrator collectors, with the efficiency as the main goal. Many works have been developed in order to optimize the thermal stratification of the fluid inside the tubes and heat reservoirs, as well as mathematical modeling considering the problem as transient heat flow as boundary condition. In this work is studied experimentally, the heating of the water by solar collector modified from the conventional evacuated tube, focusing on efficiency. With the help of CFD software, a theoretical analysis is done to visualize the phenomenon, assuming the same boundary conditions and geometric experimental problem. An important approach concerns the physical separation of the flows of both cold and hot water inside the evacuated tube. The system performance was analyzed using experimental tests performed outdoors with sunlight.

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