scholarly journals Chlamydiosis of dogs and cats in in modern cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Nedosekov ◽  
Alexander Martyniuk ◽  
Tatyana Stepanova ◽  
Valeria Yustyniuk ◽  
Irina Gulyukina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Microbiological Investigation ◽  
Satisfactory Level ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Chlamydial Infections

The aim of the research was to conduct an in-depth analysis of the investigation of chlamydial infections occurred in cats and dogs in Kyiv during the last 10 years. The article includes three main directions of investigation: 1) The analysis of the epizootic situation with chlamydiosis; 2) Microbiological investigation and 3) Serological monitoring. The clinical and epizootiological studies of chlamydiosis of dogs and cats have been looked into, with the focus on differences and similarities in age and sex of diseased animals. We have investigated 3334 animals (1351 dogs and 1983 cats), including 721 animals (107 dogs and 614 cats) with the manifestation of clinical signs specific to chlamydia. During the investigation 11 isolates of Chlamydia spp. were obtained from the infected animals. Additionally, immune and biological peculiarities have been analyzed. Due to serological monitoring within the epizootiological uncontrolled experiment, a satisfactory level of protection of cats (63%) vaccinated against chlamydiosis has been reached, as well as the possibility of the persistence of the pathogen in unvaccinated animals (9%).

scholarly journals Comparison of Spatial Layout of Tall Buildings Clustered in Circular, Rectangular, and Linear Geographical Areas and Impact on Skyline

Buildings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Ayu Wandira Puspitasari ◽  
Jongwook Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Focal Point ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The City ◽  
Linear Cluster

Modern cities with tall building clusters can create powerful and distinctive features on the skyline more so than those with scattered tall buildings. In terms of their role in the city, tall building clusters can improve the image of the city, provide for high population density, and distinguish the urban centers. However, the planning of tall building clusters needs to be conducted using in-depth analysis in response to the spatial context to create an attractive skyline. This research attempts to compare different layouts of tall building clusters organized in circular, rectangular, and linear geographical areas. Their impact on the skyline was determined by analyzing the visibility and height transitions of these tall building clusters. Grasshopper was used to calculate the degree of surface visibility of these tall buildings from observers in urban spaces. To quantify the height transition of the cluster, the obstructed buildings were identified and mapped on the skyline viewed from a specific viewpoint. The results showed that the linear cluster had high visibility, followed by the circular and rectangular clusters. Decreasing the heights from the center to the periphery supported the focal point of the cluster.

scholarly journals Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181
Author(s):  
Alsi Dara Paryuni ◽  
Soedarmanto Indarjulianto ◽  
Sitarina Widyarini
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dermatophyte Species ◽  
Dermatophyte Infection ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Dermatophytosis, a zoonotic disease, is caused by fungi of three main genera, namely, Micropsorum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton. Specific lesions of dermatophyte infections are localized in the face, legs, and/or tail. Skin lesions in infected animals demonstrate localized alopecia, erythema, and crust, which are more commonly known as ringworm. Factors that affect dermatophytosis include the dermatophyte species; virulence factors of the agent; and the immune status, age, and sex of the host. High levels of cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines have also been reported to play an important role in dermatophyte infection. This review aims to explore and understand factors that affect dermatophyte infection with an emphasis on the prevalence, clinical signs, pathogenesis, immune response, and the roles of cortisol and cytokines in companion animals infected by a dermatophyte.

scholarly journals A Review of Chlamydial Infections in Wild Birds

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 948
Author(s):  
Helena S. Stokes ◽  
Mathew L. Berg ◽  
Andrew T. D. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Chlamydia Psittaci ◽  
Avian Host ◽  
Primary Host ◽  
Chlamydial Species ◽  
Avian Populations ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Chlamydial Infections

The Chlamydia are a globally distributed genus of bacteria that can infect and cause disease in a range of hosts. Birds are the primary host for multiple chlamydial species. The most well-known of these is Chlamydia psittaci, a zoonotic bacterium that has been identified in a range of wild and domesticated birds. Wild birds are often proposed as a reservoir of Chlamydia psittaci and potentially other chlamydial species. The aim of this review is to present the current knowledge of chlamydial infections in wild avian populations. We focus on C. psittaci but also consider other Chlamydiaceae and Chlamydia-related bacteria that have been identified in wild birds. We summarise the diversity, host range, and clinical signs of infection in wild birds and consider the potential implications of these infections for zoonotic transmission and avian conservation. Chlamydial bacteria have been found in more than 70 species of wild birds, with the greatest chlamydial diversity identified in Europe. The Corvidae and Accipitridae families are emerging as significant chlamydial hosts, in addition to established wild hosts such as the Columbidae. Clarifying the effects of these bacteria on avian host fitness and the zoonotic potential of emerging Chlamydiales will help us to understand the implications of these infections for avian and human health.

scholarly journals Age and sex-related differences in the haematological parameters of captive African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Gaspar ◽  
F Bargallo ◽  
J Grífols ◽  
E Correia ◽  
ML Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Psittacus Erithacus ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Age And Sex

African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) are very popular pets, commonly seen in avian clinical practice. Haematological profiles are critical to the understanding of several disease processes, being particularly useful as diagnostic tools in clinical practice, since birds tend to hide clinical signs of disease. We have previously proposed new haematological reference intervals (RI) for captive African grey parrots, and in the present work the basic data obtained was studied in detail to investigate the influence of factors, such as age and sex, on the haematological profile of this bird species. During an 8-year period (March 2009 to July 2017), animals (n = 239) examined in first consultations or check-ups at the Zoològic Veterinaris (Barcelona) were submitted to blood collection at different time points, rendering a total of 459 blood samples. The haematological testing was performed according to the guidelines of the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology to determine the packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), mean haemoglobin concentration (MHC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), total erythrocyte count (TRBC), total leukocyte count (TWBC), and differential leukogram with absolute and relative counts. All the haematological testing was performed in an in-house laboratory as previously described. Animals with 0 to 4 years of age showed higher values of PCV (P < 0.001), Hb (P = 0.023) and RBC (P = 0.018), and lower values of MCHC (P = 0.008), WBC (P = 0.012) and heterophils (P < 0.001) than older animals. There were significant differences exhibited in the monocytes (P = 0.035) between different age groups. Females presented higher PCV, Hb and RBC values (P < 0.001) compared to males. Our results suggest that the age and sex influence the haematological parameters in a significant manner in African grey parrots and should be accounted for when assessing the health status of individuals from this species.

scholarly journals Survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Blood ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Zippin ◽  
Sidney J. Cutler ◽  
William J. Reeves ◽  
Diana Lum
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Survival Differences ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Survival of 839 chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients has been reviewed in relation to a number of patient and disease characteristics. Over-all, the relative 5-yr survival rate was 44%. Studying survival by age and sex led to the following observations: Dividing age into intervals < 50, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and 80 yr and over, relative survival declined with increasing age; relative 5-yr survival for females was higher than that for males-50% versus 41%. This pattern of superior survival of females over males was noted in all but one of the age intervals. Survival was negatively associated with the presence of recorded clinical signs and symptoms, hematological abnormalities, and pathological bone marrow findings. Differences in survival were also found by treatment category and interval from diagnosis to initiation of treatment. Adjustment for differences in distribution of each of these variables did not materially diminish the survival differences noted by age and sex. An unexpected pattern of survival in relation to white blood count level was noted. Survival increased with increasing white blood count at diagnosis, peaking in the interval at 25,000-49,000, and decreasing after that. When survival by white blood count was adjusted for some variables which were found to be associated with survival, the gradient was still noted, though somewhat reduced.

scholarly journals DNA methylation study of age and sex in baboons and four other primates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Horvath ◽  
Amin Haghani ◽  
Joseph A. Zoller ◽  
Jason Ernst ◽  
Matteo Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Epigenetic Clock ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Methylation Array ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Age And Sex

ABSTRACTDNA methylation data have been successfully used to develop highly accurate estimators of age (“epigenetic clocks”) in several mammalian species. With a view of extending epigenetic clocks to primates, we analyzed DNA methylation profiles from five primate species; Papio hamadryas (baboons), Callithrix jacchus (common marmoset), Chlorocebus sabaeus (vervet monkey), Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque), and Homo sapiens (human). From these we present here, a highly accurate primate epigenetic clock. This clock is based on methylation profiles of CpGs that are highly conserved and are located on a custom methylation array (HorvathMammalMethylChip40). Furthermore, we carried out in-depth analysis of the baboon, as it is evolutionarily the closest primate to humans that can be employed in biomedical research. We present five epigenetic clocks for baboons (Olive-yellow baboon hybrid), one of which, the pan tissue epigenetic clock, was trained on seven tissue types (fetal cerebral cortex, adult cerebral cortex, cerebellum, adipose, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle) with ages ranging from late fetal life to 22.8 years of age. To facilitate translational capability, we constructed two dual-species, human-baboon clocks, whereby one measures ages of both species in units of years, while the other reports ages relative to the maximum lifespan of the species. Although the primate clock applies to all five primate species, the baboon-specific clocks exhibit only moderate age correlations with other primates. We also provide detailed gene and pathway analyses of individual CpGs that relate to age and sex across different primate species. Ten out of 739 sex related CpGs in primate species are located near 9 autosomal genes (including FAM217A, CDYL, POU3F2, and UHRF2). Overall, this study sheds light on epigenetic aging mechanisms in primates, and the potential influence of sex.

A rapid method for the direct identification of paramyxovirus in canine CSF by ultracentrifugation and negative staining as a rule out for distemper

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
W.L. Steffens ◽  
M.B. Ard ◽  
C.E. Greene ◽  
A. Jaggy
Keyword(s):  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Rule Out

Canine distemper is a multisystemic contagious viral disease having a worldwide distribution, a high mortality rate, and significant central neurologic system (CNS) complications. In its systemic manifestations, it is often presumptively diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and history. Few definitive antemortem diagnostic tests exist, and most are limited to the detection of viral antigen by immunofluorescence techniques on tissues or cytologic specimens or high immunoglobulin levels in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). Diagnosis of CNS distemper is often unreliable due to the relatively low cell count in CSF (<50 cells/μl) and the binding of blocking immunoglobulins in CSF to cell surfaces. A more reliable and definitive test might be possible utilizing direct morphologic detection of the etiologic agent. Distemper is the canine equivalent of human measles, in that both involve a closely related member of the Paramyxoviridae, both produce mucosal inflammation, and may produce CNS complications. In humans, diagnosis of measles-induced subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is through negative stain identification of whole or incomplete viral particles in patient CSF.

TEM/AEM characterization of fine-grained clay minerals in very-low-grade rocks: Evaluation of contamination by empa involving celadonite family minerals

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Gejing Li ◽  
D. R. Peacor ◽  
D. S. Coombs ◽  
Y. Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) have led to many new insights into the structural and chemical characteristics of very finegrained, optically homogeneous mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks. Chemical compositions obtained by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) on such materials have been shown by TEM/AEM to result from beam overlap on contaminant phases on a scale below resolution of EMPA, which in turn can lead to errors in interpretation and determination of formation conditions. Here we present an in-depth analysis of the relation between AEM and EMPA data, which leads also to the definition of new mineral phases, and demonstrate the resolution power of AEM relative to EMPA in investigations of very fine-grained mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks.Celadonite, having end-member composition KMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)2, and with minor substitution of Fe2+ for Mg and Al for Fe3+ on octahedral sites, is a fine-grained mica widespread in volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sediments which have undergone low-temperature alteration in the oceanic crust and in burial metamorphic sequences.

Doping effects on the geometric and electronic structure of tin clusters

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (44) ◽  
pp. 24478-24488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gleditzsch ◽  
Marc Jäger ◽  
Lukáš F. Pašteka ◽  
Armin Shayeghi ◽  
Rolf Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Doping Effects ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Trajectory Simulations

In depth analysis of doping effects on the geometric and electronic structure of tin clusters via electric beam deflection, numerical trajectory simulations and density functional theory.

Hormone Replacement Therapy and Voice

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-614
Author(s):  
Jean Abitbol
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Voice ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
High Pitch ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
The Voice

The purpose of this article is to update the management of the treatment of the female voice at perimenopause and menopause. Voice and hormones—these are 2 words that clash, meet, and harmonize. If we are to solve this inquiry, we shall inevitably have to understand the hormones, their impact, and the scars of time. The endocrine effects on laryngeal structures are numerous: The actions of estrogens and progesterone produce modification of glandular secretions. Low dose of androgens are secreted principally by the adrenal cortex, but they are also secreted by the ovaries. Their effect may increase the low pitch and decease the high pitch of the voice at menopause due to important diminution of estrogens and the privation of progesterone. The menopausal voice syndrome presents clinical signs, which we will describe. I consider menopausal patients to fit into 2 broad types: the “Modigliani” types, rather thin and slender with little adipose tissue, and the “Rubens” types, with a rounded figure with more fat cells. Androgen derivatives are transformed to estrogens in fat cells. Hormonal replacement therapy should be carefully considered in the context of premenopausal symptom severity as alternative medicine. Hippocrates: “Your diet is your first medicine.”

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