Diagnostic algorithm for comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis in dogs, taking into account the correlation of redox homeostasis and morphofunctional disorders of the hepatorenal and cardiopulmonary systems

Activation of lipid peroxidation due to a disorder of redox homeostasis in dogs with comorbidity of babesiosis and dirofilariasis causes the involvement of not only the components of the hepatorenal system, but also the cardiopulmonary system in the pathological process against the background of the development of intoxication and hypoxic phenomena in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes. As a result of the conducted biochemical studies of the blood of sick animals, it was found that the degree of redox homeostasis disorders directly correlates with the nature of morphofunctional disorders of the hepatorenal and cardiopulmonary systems, and the degree of these changes in the systems has an inverse correlation and is determined by the release of cytosolic enzymes into the blood. The involvement of the components of the hepatobiliary system in the pathological process is accompanied by a disorder of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and pigment metabolism.

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Analysis of Lipid Peroxidation by UPLC-MS/MS and Retinoprotective Effects of the Natural Polyphenol Pterostilbene

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 168

Author(s):

Isabel Torres-Cuevas ◽

Iván Millán ◽

Miguel Asensi ◽

Máximo Vento ◽

Camille Oger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Diabetic Retina ◽

Key Factor ◽

Adrenic Acid ◽

Diabetic Rabbits ◽

High Level

The loss of redox homeostasis induced by hyperglycemia is an early sign and key factor in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Due to the high level of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, diabetic retina is highly susceptible to lipid peroxidation, source of pathophysiological alterations in diabetic retinopathy. Previous studies have shown that pterostilbene, a natural antioxidant polyphenol, is an effective therapy against diabetic retinopathy development, although its protective effects on lipid peroxidation are not well known. Plasma, urine and retinas from diabetic rabbits, control and diabetic rabbits treated daily with pterostilbene were analyzed. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated through the determination of derivatives from arachidonic, adrenic and docosahexaenoic acids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Diabetes increased lipid peroxidation in retina, plasma and urine samples and pterostilbene treatment restored control values, showing its ability to prevent early and main alterations in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Through our study, we are able to propose the use of a derivative of adrenic acid, 17(RS)-10-epi-SC-Δ15-11-dihomo-IsoF, for the first time, as a suitable biomarker of diabetic retinopathy in plasmas or urine.

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Biochemical Studies on Phenylhydrazine Induced Experimental Anemic Albino Rats

Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3126/jucms.v3i1.13258 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 41-47

Author(s):

Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi ◽

Kora Rudraiah Siddalinga Murthy

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽

Biochemical Studies ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

INTRODUCTION: The present study evaluated the modulatory effects of diphenylhydrazine induced experimental wistar albino rats and also to assess various biochemical parameters in whole blood and red blood cell lysate.MATERIALAND METHODS: Twenty male albino rats weighing 180-200 gm were selected for the study and divided in two groups; ten phenylhydrazine dihydrochloride (PHZ) induced anemia and ten healthy control. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxide were measured as lipid peroxidation parameter. The antioxidant vitamins A, C and E and enzymatic antioxidants; catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were also assessed.RESULTS: Phenylhydrazine induced anemic rats showed a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation and decrease in the antioxidants as compared to healthy rats.CONCLUSION: The study concludes that phenylhydrazine induced experimental anemic albino rats showed increased oxidative stress than compared with healthy albino rats.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 41-47

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The Effect of Acute Oral Galactose Administration on the Redox System of the Rat Small Intestine

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox11010037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Jan Homolak ◽

Ana Babic Perhoc ◽

Ana Knezovic ◽

Jelena Osmanovic Barilar ◽

Davor Virag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Small Intestine ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Redox System ◽

Dissociation Rate ◽

Term Administration ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Galactose is a ubiquitous monosaccharide with important yet incompletely understood nutritive and physiological roles. Chronic parenteral d-galactose administration is used for modeling aging-related pathophysiological processes in rodents due to its ability to induce oxidative stress (OS). Conversely, chronic oral d-galactose administration prevents and alleviates cognitive decline in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease, indicating that galactose may exert beneficial health effects by acting in the gut. The present aim was to explore the acute time-response of intestinal redox homeostasis following oral administration of d-galactose. Male Wistar rats were euthanized at baseline (n = 6), 30 (n = 6), 60 (n = 6), and 120 (n = 6) minutes following orogastric administration of d-galactose (200 mg/kg). The overall reductive capacity, lipid peroxidation, the concentration of low-molecular-weight thiols (LMWT) and protein sulfhydryls (SH), the activity of Mn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (SOD), reduced and oxidized fractions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphates (NADPH/NADP), and the hydrogen peroxide dissociation rate were analyzed in duodenum and ileum. Acute oral administration of d-galactose increased the activity of SODs and decreased intestinal lipid peroxidation and nucleophilic substrates (LMWT, SH, NADPH), indicating activation of peroxidative damage defense pathways. The redox system of the small intestine can acutely tolerate even high luminal concentrations of galactose (0.55 M), and oral galactose treatment is associated with a reduction rather than the increment of the intestinal OS. The ability of oral d-galactose to modulate intestinal OS should be further explored in the context of intestinal barrier maintenance, and beneficial cognitive effects associated with long-term administration of low doses of d-galactose.

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On the Opportunities of Using the Indices of Lipid Peroxidation – Antioxidant Defense System in the Diagnostics of Varicose Veins of Small Pelvis in Women

Acta biomedica scientifica ◽

10.29413/abs.2020-5.1.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

L. I. Kolesnikova ◽

A. A. Semendyaev ◽

D. A. Stupin ◽

M. A. Darenskaya ◽

L. A. Grebenkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Moderate Degree ◽

Defense System ◽

Mild Degree ◽

Severe Degree ◽

Degree Of Severity

Background: The prevalence of varicose veins of small pelvic veins in women of reproductive age varies widely – from 5.4 to 80 %, due to the low specificity and low sensitivity of clinical diagnostic techniques, and the absence of biomarkers that can be used to identify the formation and progression of varicose veins of small pelvic veins in women.Aims: To identify changes in the levels of parameters of the system “lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection” with the development of varicose veins of the pelvis in women, as well as the possibility of their diagnostic use.Materials and methods: We examined 200 women with clinical signs of varicose veins of small pelvis. Control group included 30 women without any pathology of venous system. Treatment group included 137 women with varicose veins of small pelvis: with mild degree of severity – 39 women, with moderate degree of severity – 65 women, with severe degree of severity – 33 women. We performed comparative analysis of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense system in women with and without varicose veins of small pelvis taking into account the severity degrees of pathological process.Results: We obtained the most informative indices for lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense processes in blood of women with varicose veins of small pelvis: concentration of diene conjugate (DC) for the mild degree of severity of pathological process, lipid hydroperoxide (LHP), DC and malonic dialdehyde (MDA) – for the moderate and severe degree of severity, and also changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes with increase of the severity of the disease. Assessment of the level of catalase (Cat) and glutathione peroxidase (GP) showed their highest informative value at the mild degree of severity. Concentrations of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and reduced glutathione (GSH) are more statistically significant markers for severe forms of pathological process.Conclusions: Our research showed the relevance and advisability of the studying the levels of lipid peroxidation – antioxidant defense indices in women with varicose veins of small pelvis. We registered the highest diagnostic value of DC, Cat and GP in the beginning of the disease and of LHP, DC, MDA, GR, GST and GSH – at severe forms of the pathological process. We obtained reference values for DC, MDA, Cat, SOD and GP concentration that can be considered as the predictors of the development of varicose veins of small pelvis.

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Gut Microbiota-Derived Components and Metabolites in the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081712 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1712 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yun Ji ◽

Yue Yin ◽

Ziru Li ◽

Weizhen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Liver Disease ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Human gut microbiota has been increasingly recognized as a pivotal determinant of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Apart from the changes in the composition of gut microbiota, the components and metabolites derived from intestinal microbiota have emerged as key factors in modulating the pathological process of NAFLD. Compelling evidences have revealed that gut microbiota generates a variety of bioactive substances that interact with the host liver cells through the portal vein. These substances include the components derived from bacteria such as lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycan, DNA, and extracellular vesicles, as well as the metabolites ranging from short-chain fatty acids, indole and its derivatives, trimethylamine, secondary bile acids, to carotenoids and phenolic compounds. The mechanisms underlying the hepatic responses to the bioactive substances from gut bacteria have been associated with the regulation of glycolipid metabolism, immune signaling response, and redox homeostasis. Illuminating the interplay between the unique factors produced from gut microbiome and the liver will provide a novel therapeutical target for NAFLD. The current review highlights the recent advances on the mechanisms by which the key ingredients and metabolites from gut microbiota modulate the development and progression of NAFLD.

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Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with solitary and sporadic temporal lobe epileptic seizures

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-012-0119-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Branislav Kollár ◽

Jana Borovská ◽

Pavel Šiarnik ◽

Lucia Krížová ◽

Zuzana Čarnická ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Diagnostic Algorithm ◽

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

1H Mrs

AbstractProton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) is an optional diagnostic method for potential epilepsy surgery candidates. The aim of this study was to determine the credibility of 1H MRS examination in a group of patients suffering from solitary and sporadic epileptic seizures generated in temporal lobe. We recorded a 100% sensitivity of 1H MRS in a group of ten patients in terms of detection of a pathological process in the temporal lobe. 1H MRS also enabled determination of lateralization of the pathological process in three patients with bilateral epileptiform abnormalities on electroencephalography. Based on these results we suggest new perspectives on 1H MRS as a part of standard diagnostic algorithm for solitary and sporadic temporal lobe epileptic seizures, particularly in cases with normal electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging findings.

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Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Status in Nonobese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Advances in Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2014/830761 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vineet Kumar Khemka ◽

Subhadip Choudhuri ◽

Anirban Ganguly ◽

Arindam Ghosh ◽

Aritri Bir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Significant Inverse Correlation ◽

Total Thiol

The aim of the study was to investigate the association between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in nonobese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and further to correlate whether their significant association is putatively associated with the pathogenesis of T2DM. A number of 102 nonobese T2DM subjects and 95 nondiabetic subjects as healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum samples were collected in cryovials for malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol assays. Total thiol or sulfhydryl (–SH) groups in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and sera, as well as level of MDA, a marker for lipid peroxidation in serum, were measured spectrophotometrically. Serum MDA level was found significantly higher whereas serum and PBMC total thiol levels were diminished significantly among nonobese T2DM subjects compared to HC subjects. Moreover, serum MDA level is found to have a significant inverse correlation with serum total thiol and PBMC thiol levels among DM subjects, but no significant correlation was observed in HC individuals. A significant inverse correlation between serum MDA and serum total thiol levels among nonobese T2DM subjects suggests a close association of increased oxidative stress with decreased antioxidant status in nonobese T2DM.

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Indicators of antioxidant protection of blood in necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in experimental animals

Journal of Medicine and Life ◽

10.25122/jml-2020-0149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 68-74

Author(s):

Yuliia Hafizivna Kilmukhametova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Catalase Activity ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Malonic Dialdehyde ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Pathological Process ◽

The State ◽

Antioxidant Protection ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Work Tasks

This article highlights the results of a study of blood parameters in animals with simulated necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis and compares them, under the same conditions, with animals that received local treatment with a developed complex of antioxidant drugs. Following the work tasks, the nature of changes in the state of the antioxidant - prooxidant system and their influence on quantitative and functional indicators of markers of inflammatory intensity was analyzed and investigated during the pathological process in the background and without treatment with a developed complex. This work shows the changes of malonic dialdehyde concentration as an indicator of lipid peroxidation intensity in experimental animals, the level of catalase activity in the blood of animals, and antioxidant-prooxidant balance in the dynamics of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

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Antioxidant-rela ted blood prooxidative patients with acute respiratory symptoms of children with the disease in the mouth

Medical and Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.11603/mcch.2410-681x.2015.v17.i4.5730 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

Author(s):

N. O. Hevkalyuk

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Iron Content ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Endogenous Intoxication

There was set the intensification of lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by the increasing content of DC and MDA in serum of patients with ARV I children on the background discoordination functioning of the AOC , which manifests itself in an increase in activity of ceruloplasmin and the decrease in saturation of transferrin and iron content of catalase in blood serum, the growth of endogenous intoxication, the severity of which depends on the severity of the pathological process.

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Quercetin Caused Redox Homeostasis Imbalance and Activated the Kynurenine Pathway

Biology ◽

10.3390/biology9080219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 219

Author(s):

Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemi ◽

Chinemerem Ebugosi ◽

Oghenerobor Benjamin Akpor ◽

Helal F. Hetta ◽

Sarah Al-Rashed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Kynurenine Pathway ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

E Coli ◽

Tryptophan Degradation ◽

Biochemical Assays ◽

Total Antioxidant

The search for new and better antimicrobial therapy is a continuous effort. Quercetin is a polyphenol with promising antimicrobial properties. However, the understanding of its antimicrobial mechanism is limited. In this study, we investigated the biochemical mechanistic action of quercetin as an antibacterial compound. Isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus were initially exposed to quercetin for antibacterial evaluation. Subsequently, S. aureus (Gram-positive) and E. coli (Gram-negative) cells were exposed to quercetin with or without ascorbic acid, and cells were harvested for selected biochemical assays. These assays included redox homeostasis (lipid peroxidation, total thiol, total antioxidant capacity), nitric oxide, and kynurenine concentration as well as DNA fragmentation. The results revealed that quercetin caused lipid peroxidation in the bacterial isolates. Lipid peroxidation may indicate ensuing oxidative stress resulting from quercetin treatment. Furthermore, tryptophan degradation to kynurenine was activated by quercetin in S. aureus but not in E. coli, suggesting that local L-tryptophan concentration might become limiting for bacterial growth. These findings, considered together, may indicate that quercetin restricts bacterial growth by promoting oxidative cellular stress, as well as by reducing the local L-tryptophan availability by activating the kynurenine pathway, thus contributing to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the antimicrobial action of quercetin.

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