Characterization of testicular histology and spermatogenesis in the Levantine frog, Pelophylax bedriagae (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Esra Akat
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Transitional Group ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Spherical Nuclei ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Pelophylax Bedriagae

Amphibians occupy a position of great interest in terms of vertebrate evolution. Additionally, amphibians are known as a transitional group between amniotes and anamniotes. However, there are few studies on the gametogenesis of anamniotes vertebrates, especially anurans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the histological feature of germ cells and their arrangement in the testis of Levantine frog, Pelophylax bedriagae (Camerano, 1882). Spermatogenic cells were organized in spermatocysts. Each spermatocyst contained cells at the same stage of the spermatogenic cycle. Identification of each cellular type in seminiferous tubule was carried out according to the size and morphology of cells and the degree of nuclear material compaction. Spermatogonia were large cells localized at the base of the seminiferous epithelium. Primary spermatocytes were examined in different phases of first meiotic division and distinguished from other cell types by their dark spherical nuclei or looser chromatin. Two types of spermatids, spherical and elongated cells, were observed. Seminiferous tubules were surrounded by peritubular myoid cells, and they contained no lumen. The lack of lumen in the seminiferous tubules and the cystic spermatogenesis probably provide synchronously production of a large number of sperms. The location of hyaluronic acid was also determined in interstitial tissue between seminiferous tubules to probably provide testicular integrity and viscoelasticity.

scholarly journals Histopathologic features of male domestic cat (Felis domestica) testes induced by bisphenol-A orally

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fachira Ulfa Makmur ◽  
Fika Yuliza Purba ◽  
Dwi Kesuma Sari
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Group 1

Infertility in cat becomes a serious problem in pet community since many compounds of infertility-caused can be found widely in the environment. One of the compounds causing infertility in mammals is Bisphenol-A (BPA), which is known as an estrogenic compound. The purpose of this research is to observe the changes in testicular histology of male domestic cat (Felis domestica) induced by BPA orally. Sample used in this study were 24 male domestic cats divided into 4 groups, namely the group 1 as control, group 2, 3 and 4 were treated with BPA about 5, 10 and 100 mg/kg bodyweight, respectively for 5 days. The results showed that the estrogenic effect of BPA affects the reproductive system of the cat. The effects of BPA in cat included decrease in the amounts of spermatozoa, vacuolization of seminiferous tubules cells, degeneration of Leydig cells, degeneration of tubular epithelial cells,  irregular forms of the germ, interstitial tissue hemorrhage, debris cell filled the lumen of seminiferous tubules. These results suggested that BPA can be harmful to the reproductive system of the cat

Characterization of germ cell nuclei in freeze-fracture replicas using seminiferous tubules isolated by transillumination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-75
Author(s):  
Alfonsina Morales ◽  
Juan C. Cavicchia
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pore Distribution ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Nuclear Pore ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Adult Rats

The present investigation was under taken, combining the identification of specific germ cell types present in a particular stage of the seminiferous wave with freeze-fracture techniques to follow the changing pattern of their nuclear pore distribution during spermatogenesis. Male albino adult rats were used. Segments of seminiferous tubules were separated (stages VII-VIII; IX-XI; XII-XIV) by a technique described by Parvinen and Vanha-Perttula where the stages of the cycle were recognized and isolated by transillumination under a dissecting microscope. The tubular segments were immediately fixed in glutaraldehyde, immersed in glycerol, freeze-fractured in a Balzers BAF 301 apparatus at-110°C and examined under a Siemens Elmiskop I EM. The only spermatogonia located in the studied stages (type A) are ovalcells in contact with the basal lamina. Pore distribution is non-random with a relatively in conspicuous aggregation. Preleptotene spermatocytes (stages VII-VIII) are easily identified by being numerous, their location over the basal lamina and the irrelatively small size. They exhibit a striking clustering of pores, in groups of 15-30 separated by pore-free areas (fig.1). Leptotenes (fig.2, 3) (stages IX-XI) and zygotenes (fig.4) (XII-XIII) change the pattern to a more even distributional though clearly maintaining some degree of clustering.

scholarly journals 293QUANTITATIVE TESTICULAR HISTOLOGY IN THE COMMON WOMBAT (VOMBATUS URSINUS)

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
C.A. MacCallum ◽  
S.D. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Seminiferous Tubule ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Spermatid Nucleus ◽  
Common Wombat ◽  
The Common ◽  
Testicular Histology ◽  
Stage 1

The seminiferous epithelium cycle of the male Common Wombat ( Vombatus ursinus) is documented here for the first time. Testicular material was obtained from 10 common wombats from the Southern Highlands of NSW in June (n=5) and November (n=5), fixed in Bouins solution and prepared for standard histological processing. Eight stages of the seminiferous cycle where identified based upon relative cellular associations and development of the spermatid during spermiogenesis. Stage 1 was further subdivided into 1A and 1B based on changes in shape of the spermatid nucleus. The relative frequency of each stage was also calculated using observations from 500 seminiferous tubule cross-sections as was the proportion of the various testicular tissue types. The relative proportions of the various stages of the seminiferous epithelial cycle in the common wombat testis were: Stage 1A, 4.0±0.5; Stage 1B, 4.2±0.4; Stage 2, 21.3±1.9; Stage 3, 15.4±1.2; Stage 4, 16.8±1.2; Stage 5, 11.1±1.5; Stage 6, 13.7±1.5; Stage 7, 7.3±0.6; Stage 8, 6.1±0.6. Relative proportions of the various tissue types observed in testis included: seminiferous tubules (41.5%±4.1); seminiferous tubule lumen (33.3±3.4%); leydig cells (14.6±1.1%); connective tissue (10.4±0.9%) and blood vessels (0.2±0.03%). Table 1 Cell types and cellular associations of the eight stages of the wombat seminiferous epithelial cycle

Characterization of the glycoconjugates of boar testis and epididymis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Calvo ◽  
LM Pastor ◽  
S Bonet ◽  
E Pinart ◽  
M Ventura
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Apical Part ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
In Situ Characterization ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Terminal Galactose ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

Lectin histochemistry was used to perform in situ characterization of the glycoconjugates present in boar testis and epididymis. Thirteen horseradish peroxidase- or digoxigenin-labelled lectins were used in samples obtained from healthy fertile boars. The acrosomes of the spermatids were stained intensely by lectins with affinity for galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine residues, these being soybean, peanut and Ricinus communis agglutinins. Sertoli cells were stained selectively by Maackia ammurensis agglutinin. The lamina propria of seminiferous tubules showed the most intense staining with fucose-binding lectins. The Golgi area and the apical part of the principal cells of the epididymis were stained intensely with many lectins and their distribution was similar in the three zones of the epididymis. On the basis of lectin affinity, both testis and epididymis appear to have N- and O-linked glycoconjugates. Spermatozoa from different epididymal regions showed different expression of terminal galactose and N-acetyl-galactosamine. Sialic acid (specifically alpha2,3 neuraminic-5 acid) was probably incorporated into spermatozoa along the extratesticular ducts. These findings indicate that the development and maturation of boar spermatozoa are accompanied by changes in glycoconjugates. As some lectins stain cellular or extracellular compartments specifically, these lectins could be useful markers in histopathological evaluation of diseases of boar testis and epididymis.

scholarly journals Morphological and Ultrastructural Characterization of Hemocytes in an Insect Model, the Hematophagous Dipetalogaster maxima (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 640
Author(s):  
Natalia R. Moyetta ◽  
Fabián O. Ramos ◽  
Jimena Leyria ◽  
Lilián E. Canavoso ◽  
Leonardo L. Fruttero
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ultrastructural Characterization ◽  
Current Classification ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Controversial Aspect

Hemocytes, the cells present in the hemolymph of insects and other invertebrates, perform several physiological functions, including innate immunity. The current classification of hemocyte types is based mostly on morphological features; however, divergences have emerged among specialists in triatomines, the insect vectors of Chagas’ disease (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Here, we have combined technical approaches in order to characterize the hemocytes from fifth instar nymphs of the triatomine Dipetalogaster maxima. Moreover, in this work we describe, for the first time, the ultrastructural features of D. maxima hemocytes. Using phase contrast microscopy of fresh preparations, five hemocyte populations were identified and further characterized by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy. The plasmatocytes and the granulocytes were the most abundant cell types, although prohemocytes, adipohemocytes and oenocytes were also found. This work sheds light on a controversial aspect of triatomine cell biology and physiology setting the basis for future in-depth studies directed to address hemocyte classification using non-microscopy-based markers.

scholarly journals Connectivity characterization of the mouse basolateral amygdalar complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houri Hintiryan ◽  
Ian Bowman ◽  
David L. Johnson ◽  
Laura Korobkova ◽  
Muye Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granular Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Connectivity Map ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Unique Domain

AbstractThe basolateral amygdalar complex (BLA) is implicated in behaviors ranging from fear acquisition to addiction. Optogenetic methods have enabled the association of circuit-specific functions to uniquely connected BLA cell types. Thus, a systematic and detailed connectivity profile of BLA projection neurons to inform granular, cell type-specific interrogations is warranted. Here, we apply machine-learning based computational and informatics analysis techniques to the results of circuit-tracing experiments to create a foundational, comprehensive BLA connectivity map. The analyses identify three distinct domains within the anterior BLA (BLAa) that house target-specific projection neurons with distinguishable morphological features. We identify brain-wide targets of projection neurons in the three BLAa domains, as well as in the posterior BLA, ventral BLA, posterior basomedial, and lateral amygdalar nuclei. Inputs to each nucleus also are identified via retrograde tracing. The data suggests that connectionally unique, domain-specific BLAa neurons are associated with distinct behavior networks.

Synthesis and characterization of 19F NMR chelators for measurement of cytosolic free Ca

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. C441-C449 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Levy ◽  
E. Murphy ◽  
R. E. London
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Tetraacetic Acid ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Cytosolic Free Calcium ◽  
Fluorine Nmr ◽  
Dissociation Constant Kd

Fluorine 19 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of intracellular fluorinated calcium chelators provide a useful strategy for the determination of cytosolic free calcium levels in cells and perfused organs. However, the fluorinated chelator with the highest affinity for calcium ions which has been described to date. 1,2-bis-(2-amino-5-fluorophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (5FBAPTA), exhibits a dissociation constant (Kd) value 5- to 10-fold greater than the intracellular calcium concentration levels in most cell types, thus limiting the ability of fluorine NMR to report these concentrations reliably. We have consequently designed and synthesized several fluorinated calcium chelators with higher affinity for calcium. The best of these, 2-(2-amino-4-methyl-5-fluorophenoxy)-methyl-8 aminoquinidine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (quinMF), has a Kd value approximately 10 times lower than that of 5FBAPTA. Several of the newly synthesized indicators have different chemical shifts for the calcium complexed and uncomplexed chelators to allow the simultaneous use of two indicators. In addition to providing information about the level of cytosolic free calcium, chelators containing a quinoline ring exhibit considerable sensitivity to magnesium levels and hence have potential application for the determination of cytosolic-magnesium concentrations. Application of these chelators is illustrated by determination of the cytosolic-free calcium level in erythrocytes. Use of quinMF, the chelator with the lowest Kd value, gives a calcium value of 25-30 nM.

scholarly journals Ostm1 from Mouse to Human: Insights into Osteoclast Maturation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Vacher ◽  
Michael Bruccoleri ◽  
Monica Pata
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

The maintenance of bone mass is a dynamic process that requires a strict balance between bone formation and resorption. Bone formation is controlled by osteoblasts, while osteoclasts are responsible for resorption of the bone matrix. The opposite functions of these cell types have to be tightly regulated not only during normal bone development, but also during adult life, to maintain serum calcium homeostasis and sustain bone integrity to prevent bone fractures. Disruption of the control of bone synthesis or resorption can lead to an over accumulation of bone tissue in osteopetrosis or conversely to a net depletion of the bone mass in osteoporosis. Moreover, high levels of bone resorption with focal bone formation can cause Paget’s disease. Here, we summarize the steps toward isolation and characterization of the osteopetrosis associated trans-membrane protein 1 (Ostm1) gene and protein, essential for proper osteoclast maturation, and responsible when mutated for the most severe form of osteopetrosis in mice and humans.

scholarly journals Systematic comparison of high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq methods for immune cell profiling

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy M. Yamawaki ◽  
Daniel R. Lu ◽  
Daniel C. Ellwanger ◽  
Dev Bhatt ◽  
Paolo Manzanillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Cell Recovery

Abstract Background Elucidation of immune populations with single-cell RNA-seq has greatly benefited the field of immunology by deepening the characterization of immune heterogeneity and leading to the discovery of new subtypes. However, single-cell methods inherently suffer from limitations in the recovery of complete transcriptomes due to the prevalence of cellular and transcriptional dropout events. This issue is often compounded by limited sample availability and limited prior knowledge of heterogeneity, which can confound data interpretation. Results Here, we systematically benchmarked seven high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq methods. We prepared 21 libraries under identical conditions of a defined mixture of two human and two murine lymphocyte cell lines, simulating heterogeneity across immune-cell types and cell sizes. We evaluated methods by their cell recovery rate, library efficiency, sensitivity, and ability to recover expression signatures for each cell type. We observed higher mRNA detection sensitivity with the 10x Genomics 5′ v1 and 3′ v3 methods. We demonstrate that these methods have fewer dropout events, which facilitates the identification of differentially-expressed genes and improves the concordance of single-cell profiles to immune bulk RNA-seq signatures. Conclusion Overall, our characterization of immune cell mixtures provides useful metrics, which can guide selection of a high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq method for profiling more complex immune-cell heterogeneity usually found in vivo.

scholarly journals Characterization of coagulation factor synthesis in nine human primary cell types

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monireh Dashty ◽  
Vishtaseb Akbarkhanzadeh ◽  
Clark J. Zeebregts ◽  
C. Arnold Spek ◽  
Eric J. Sijbrands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Primary Cell
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