Assessment of Gilsonite and Trinidad Epuré natural asphaltmodified binders ability to relaxation at low temperature

The paper presents the results of the tests conducted on asphalt binders modified with additives of natural Gilsonite and Trinidad Epuré asphalts, as well as the 20/30, 35/50 and 50/70 penetration grade bitumens by use of an original observation method of the relaxation phenomenon in low temperature. In the tests the authors used a ductilometer equipped with a dynamometer and a bath filled up with a liquid with the temperature of-16°C. Relaxation of the asphalt binder was observed in the period of 20 minutes in the conditions of constant deformation of the sample caused by its prior extension with the constant speed of 1 mm/min. The value of the normal stress occurring in the asphalt binder is calculated on the basis of the measured value of the normal (tensile) force. It has been noted that asphalt binders with higher penetration values are characterised by a better relaxation ability at low temperature, that is relaxation takes place faster and has higher values of sample stress reduction in the domain of time, at constant strain. With approximate penetration values (the maximum penetration difference at 25°C amounting to ±2 mm/10), modified binders comprising Gilsonite are characterised by better relaxation abilities in comparison to binders containing the Trinidad Epuré additive.

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Impact of Graphene Oxide on Zero Shear Viscosity, Fatigue Life and Low-Temperature Properties of Asphalt Binder

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14113073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3073

Author(s):

Abbas Mukhtar Adnan ◽

Chaofeng Lü ◽

Xue Luo ◽

Jinchang Wang

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Fatigue Life ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Shear Viscosity ◽

Storage Stability ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Test Results ◽

Zero Shear Viscosity ◽

Modified Asphalt

This study has investigated the impact of graphene oxide (GO) in enhancing the performance properties of an asphalt binder. The control asphalt binder (60/70 PEN) was blended with GO in contents of 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. The permanent deformation behavior of the modified asphalt binders was evaluated based on the zero shear viscosity (ZSV) parameter through a steady shear test approach. Superpave fatigue test and the linear amplitude sweep (LAS) method were used to evaluate the fatigue behavior of the binders. A bending beam rheometer (BBR) test was conducted to evaluate the low-temperature cracking behavior. Furthermore, the storage stability of the binders was investigated using a separation test. The results of the ZSV test showed that GO considerably enhanced the steady shear viscosity and ZSV value, showing a significant contribution of the GO to the deformation resistance; moreover, GO modification changed the asphalt binder’s behavior from Newtonian to shear-thinning flow. A notable improvement in fatigue life was observed with the addition of GO to the binder based on the LAS test results and Superpave fatigue parameter. The BBR test results revealed that compared to the control asphalt, the GO-modified binders showed lower creep stiffness (S) and higher creep rate (m-value), indicating increased cracking resistance at low temperatures. Finally, the GO-modified asphalt binders exhibited good storage stability under high temperatures.

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High-Temperature Performance Evaluation of Asphaltenes-Modified Asphalt Binders

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153326 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3326

Author(s):

Amirhossein Ghasemirad ◽

Nura Bala ◽

Leila Hashemian

Keyword(s):

High Temperatures ◽

High Performance ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Viscoelastic Behavior ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Performance Grade ◽

Modified Binders ◽

Linear Viscoelastic Behavior ◽

Linear Viscoelastic ◽

Gravity Driven

Asphalt binder comprises four main fractions—asphaltenes (A), saturates (S), aromatics (A), and resins (R)—referred to as “SARA”. Asphaltenes plays an important role in determining the linear viscoelastic behavior of asphalt binders. In this research, asphaltenes are added as a distinct modifier to improve the performance properties of asphalt binder. The modified binders are aged using a rolling thin film oven. A dynamic shear rheometer is then used to measure the rheological properties of the binders at high temperatures. Changes in the chemical composition of the modified binders are also studied through the determination of SARA fractions, using precipitation and gravity-driven chromatography methods. The rheological results show that asphaltenes improve the stiffness and elasticity of asphalt binder. It is also shown that the addition of asphaltenes raises the high Performance grade (PG) temperature of the asphalt binder, with every 6% of asphaltenes added resulting in a one-interval increase in high PG temperature grade. SARA analysis shows that the increase in polar fraction content due to the addition of asphaltenes causes the stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity of asphalt binders to increase. The results indicate that asphaltenes are an effective yet inexpensive additive to improve asphalt binder properties at high temperatures.

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Effect of Recycled Shell Waste as a Modifier on the High- and Low-Temperature Rheological Properties of Asphalt

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131810271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 10271

Author(s):

Yuchen Guo ◽

Xuancang Wang ◽

Guanyu Ji ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

Hao Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

High Speed ◽

Permanent Deformation ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Temperature Performance

The deteriorating ecological environment and the concept of sustainable development have highlighted the importance of waste reuse. This article investigates the performance changes resulting from the incorporation of shellac into asphalt binders. Seashell powder-modified asphalt was prepared with 5%, 10%, and 15% admixture using the high-speed shear method. The microstructure of the seashell powder was observed by scanning electron microscope test (SEM); the physical-phase analysis of the seashell powder was carried out using an X-ray diffraction (XRD) test; the surface characteristics and pore structure of shellac were analyzed by the specific surface area Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) test; and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) qualitatively analyzed the composition and changes of functional groups of seashell powder-modified asphalt. The conventional performance index of seashell powder asphalt was analyzed by penetration, softening point, and ductility (5 °C) tests; the effect of seashell powder on asphalt binder was studied using a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) at high and low temperatures, respectively. The results indicate the following: seashell powder is a coarse, porous, and angular CaCO3 bio-material; seashell powder and the asphalt binder represent a stable physical mixture of modified properties; seashell powder improves the consistency, hardness, and high-temperature performance of the asphalt binder but weakens the low-temperature performance of it; seashell powder enhances the elasticity, recovery performance, and permanent deformation resistance of asphalt binders and improves high-temperature rheological properties; finally, seashell powder has a minimal effect on the crack resistance of asphalt binders at very low temperatures. In summary, the use of waste seashells for recycling as bio-modifiers for asphalt binders is a practical approach.

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Evaluating the Rheological Properties of High-Modulus Asphalt Binders Modified with Rubber Polymer Composite Modifier

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14247727 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (24) ◽

pp. 7727

Author(s):

Xiaorui Zhang ◽

Chao Han ◽

Jun Yang ◽

Xinquan Xu ◽

Fan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Polymer Composite ◽

Complex Modulus ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

High Modulus ◽

Petroleum Asphalt

With the increasing traffic loading and changing climatic conditions, there is a need to use novel superior performing pavement materials such as high-modulus asphalt binders and asphalt mixtures to mitigate field distress such as rutting, cracking, etc. This laboratory study was thus conducted to explore and substantiate the usage of Rubber Polymer Composite Modifier (RPCM) for high-modulus asphalt binder modification. The base asphalt binder used in the study comprised A-70# Petroleum asphalt binder with RPCM dosages of 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.40% and 0.45%, separately. The laboratory tests conducted for characterizing the asphalt binder rheological and morphological properties included the dynamic mechanical analysis (DM), temperature-frequency sweep in the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) device, bending beam rheometer (BBR), and florescence microscopic (FM) imaging. The corresponding test results exhibited satisfactory compatibility and potential for using RPCM as a high-modulus asphalt binder modifier to enhance the base asphalt binder’s rheological properties, both with respect to high- and low-temperature performance improvements. For the A-70# Petroleum asphalt binder that was evaluated, the optimum RPCM dosage was found to be 0.30–0.35%. In comparison to styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), asphalt binder modification with RPCM exhibited superior high-temperature rutting resistance properties (as measured in terms of the complex modulus and phase angle) and vice versa for the low-temperature cracking properties. Overall, the study beneficially contributes to the literature through provision of a reference datum toward the exploratory usage of RPCM for high-modulus asphalt binder modification and performance enhancements.

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Laboratory Evaluation on Performance of Fiber-Modified Asphalt Mixtures Containing High Percentage of RAP

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/5713869 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Yuefeng Zhu ◽

Yanwei Li ◽

Chundi Si ◽

Xiaote Shi ◽

Yaning Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Temperature Stability ◽

Asphalt Mixtures ◽

Self Healing ◽

Test Results ◽

Moisture Susceptibility ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Modified Binders ◽

Different Types

In recent years, the significant demand for sustainable paving materials has led to a rapid increase in the utilization of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials. When RAP is mixed with virgin asphalt concrete, particularly when its percentage is high, performance of the binder and asphalt concrete can be adversely affected. For this reason, different types of additives need to be identified and evaluated beforehand to mitigate the adverse effects. In this study, different types of fiber materials were identified and selected as binder/mixture additives, including lignin fiber (LF), polyester fiber (PF), and basalt fiber (BF). Various samples of fiber-modified binders and asphalt mixtures with different RAP contents (0%, 20%, and 40%) were prepared and were evaluated using two sets of laboratory testing: (i) dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR) tests were performed to study the rheological properties of fiber-modified binders; (ii) the wheel tracking test, bending creep test, moisture susceptibility test, fatigue test, and self-healing fatigue test were conducted to characterize the laboratory properties of fiber-modified RAP mixtures. Test results for the modified binders show that the BF-modified binder has the greatest positive effect on the high-temperature performance of the asphalt binder, followed by PF- and LF-modified binders. However, the virgin asphalt shows the best low-temperature property than the fiber-modified asphalt binder. Test results for the whole RAP mixtures show that all fibers have a significant effect on the properties (including high- and low-temperature stability, moisture susceptibility, fatigue, and self-healing ability) of RAP mixtures. Among them, adding BF shows the greatest improvement in high-temperature stability, fatigue resistance, and self-healing ability of RAP mixtures. LF is found to significantly enhance low-temperature properties, and PF can greatly improve the resistance to moisture damage of RAP mixtures. For high percentage of RAP using on sites, adding multiple additives may further enhance its durability.

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Evaluation of Carbon Nanotubes Asphalt Modification Using the Superpave Criteria

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.902.135 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 902 ◽

pp. 135-143

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Khasawneh ◽

Khalid Ghuzlan ◽

Nada Bani Melhem

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Rheological Properties ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Fatigue Cracking ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Asphalt Pavements ◽

Low Temperature Cracking ◽

Asphalt Modification ◽

Rotational Viscosity

Rutting, fatigue cracking and low temperature cracking are the most important distresses in asphalt pavements as a result of changes in rheological properties of asphalt binder. Many types of modifiers were used to enhance asphalt behavior at both low and high temperatures. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as one of many nanomaterials that take a large attention in the latest research related to asphalt modification against different types of distresses. Effect of CNT on rheological properties of asphalt binder was investigated by testing unmodified and CNT modified asphalt binders using two of Superpave devices: Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). Penetration, softening point, flash point and rotational viscosity (RV) tests were carried out as well. CNT was added in 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% by weight of asphalt binder. It was found that adding CNT in 0.5% and 1% increase stiffness of asphalt and consequently asphalt pavement rutting resistance. On the other hand, this increase in stiffness affected pavement behavior adversely which is not desirable for fatigue and low temperature cracking. However, Superpave specifications were still satisfied and asphalt binder’s relaxation properties were improved upon CNT modification. It was eventually found that 0.5% of CNT is the optimum percentage for the best performance.

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Considerations for using the 4 mm Plate Geometry in the Dynamic Shear Rheometer for Low Temperature Evaluation of Asphalt Binders

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198119855332 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2673 (11) ◽

pp. 649-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ramez Hajj ◽

Angelo Filonzi ◽

Syeda Rahman ◽

Amit Bhasin

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Asphalt Pavements ◽

Dynamic Shear ◽

Dynamic Shear Rheometer ◽

Reclaimed Asphalt ◽

Load Response ◽

Linear Viscoelastic ◽

Analytical Approaches

The low-temperature properties of asphalt binder have attracted attention in recent years thanks to an increase in the use of reclaimed asphalt pavements (RAP). Traditional methods to evaluate the low-temperature properties of the binder require a large amount of binder that needs to be recovered from RAP samples for testing with a Bending Beam Rheometer (BBR). To economize on sample size for RAP materials and also for emulsion residues, previous researchers have explored the potential of using a 4 mm diameter specimen with a Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) in lieu of the BBR. To compare results from frequency sweep tests conducted using the DSR with results from the BBR, data from the former need to be converted to time domain and subsequently from a shear load response to an axial load response. Previous research studies have developed methods to accomplish these two conversions to compare data from the DSR with data from the BBR. The objective of this study is to examine some of these methods from the literature and elsewhere based on the principles of linear viscoelastic interconversion using a set of 11 different binders. Results using different analytical approaches from this study show that the DSR has good repeatability and verify that it can be used as a surrogate for the BBR to determine low-temperature properties, while exercising some caution with some of the assumptions related to Poisson’s ratio.

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Preparation and the Effect of Surface-Functionalized Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles on Asphalt Binder

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10010091 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 91 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chenchen Shen ◽

Rui Li ◽

Jianzhong Pei ◽

Jun Cai ◽

Tao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Test Results ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Excellent Thermal Stability ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Modified Asphalt Binder

To solve the nanoparticles (NPs) agglomeration phenomena of nanometer calcium carbonate (nano-CaCO3) modified asphalt binder, in this paper, solvent-free CaCO3 nanofluids (NFs) were prepared based on surface-functionalized CaCO3 NPs to study the effect on asphalt. Microscopic structures, compositions, and thermal stability were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), respectively. Results showed that perfect CaCO3 NFs were successfully prepared, and were good enough for asphalt mixing due to their excellent thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), conventional tests, dynamic shear rheometry (DSR), and bending beam rheometry (BBR) were conducted to investigate the modifying effect. The SEM results indicated that CaCO3 NFs had better compatibility with asphalt binder than original CaCO3 NPs. Conventional and DSR test results demonstrated that CaCO3 NFs had slight negative effects on high-temperature performance while improving the low-temperature performance of the asphalt binder. The BBR test results confirmed that the modifier addition effectively enhanced asphalt binders’ low-temperature crack resistance performance.

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Experimental Study on Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) Modified Asphalt Binders

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.288 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 152-153 ◽

pp. 288-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Wei Dong Cao ◽

Shu Tang Liu ◽

Hong Lu Mao

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Softening Point ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Point Test ◽

Low Temperature Performance ◽

Four Levels ◽

Temperature Susceptibility

Polyphosphric acid (PPA) modified asphalt binders were produced in the laboratory using one base asphalt and four levels of PPA contents (0.6%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% by weight of base asphalt). Penetration test, softening point test, rotation viscosity test, creep test with bending beam rheometer (BBR) and four components test were carried out to study the performance of PPA modified asphalt binders and possible modification mechanism. The results indicate that the high-temperature performance of PPA modified asphalt binders are obviously improved and temperature susceptibility are decreased, but the low-temperature performance slightly decline compared with base asphalt. The PPA content has a very significant effect on softening point whereas it has no significant influence on low-temperature performance according to variance analysis (ANOVA). Finally, four components test reveals that the primary modification mechanism of PPA is the change of chemical composition of asphalt binder.

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Study on Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Modified Asphalt Binders Relaxation at Low Temperature

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14112888 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 2888

Author(s):

Sylwia Dziadosz ◽

Mieczysław Słowik ◽

Filip Niwczyk ◽

Marcin Bilski

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Force Measurement ◽

Asphalt Binder ◽

Asphalt Binders ◽

Short Term ◽

Modified Bitumen ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Styrene Butadiene Styrene ◽

Styrene Butadiene ◽

Butadiene Styrene

The paper presents the results of laboratory investigation on asphalt binders relaxation at low temperature, carried out in a ductilometer using the tensile test with continuous force measurement. Polymer modified asphalt binder samples consisting of a 50/70 penetration grade bitumen mixed with a concentrate of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified bitumen—a 160/220 penetration grade bitumen modified with a SBS copolymer in the amount of 9%—were tested. Therefore, polymer modified binders containing 3%, 4.5%, 6% and 7.5% SBS, respectively, were obtained and investigated. Tensile tests were performed at −16 °C on samples before aging and subjected to short-term aging (RTFOT). Test results in the form of relaxation curves have been mathematically described using a modified generalized Maxwell model. Based on the acquired results, it was shown that the increase of the SBS copolymer content in asphalt binder precipitates the relaxation process, while aging slows down this phenomenon. It has also been proven that with increased content of SBS elastomer in asphalt binder, the effect of short-term aging on binder’s stress relaxation ability at low temperatures is reduced.

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