scholarly journals Failure investigation as a route to improving integrity of titanium alloys in service

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
C. Collins ◽  
F.F. Dear ◽  
D. Rugg ◽  
D. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Failure Investigation ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Increasing demands on titanium alloys in aerospace applications have driven a push towards deeper understanding of their behaviour in service. This extends from component performance during planned operation to damage mechanisms and how parts may ultimately fail. Investigation of damage and failure requires a comprehensive framework of techniques in order to identify a root cause, and further the understanding of failure mechanisms. It is crucial to defining and improving component lifetimes via a design optimisation feedback loop. This paper presents an overview of the techniques used in state-of-the-art industrial titanium alloy failure investigation, highlighting the inherent reciprocal links to frontline research and the need for constant innovation.

An Experimental Investigation Into the High Speed Turning of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil K. Srivastava ◽  
Jon Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Layered Coatings ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Cutting Speeds

Titanium and its alloys have seen increased utilization in military and aerospace applications due to combination of high specific strength, toughness, corrosion resistance, elevated-temperature performance and compatibility with polymer composite materials. Titanium alloys are difficult to machine due to their inherent low thermal conductivity and higher chemical reactivity with other materials at elevated temperatures. In general, temperature related machining difficulties are encountered at production speeds in the range of 60 m/min and high-speed machining of these alloys has created considerable interest to researchers, tool manufacturers and end users. This paper provides recent results obtained during turning operation with the aim of improving machinability of titanium alloys. Several tests have been conducted using (i) micro-edge prep geometry of the inserts, (ii) ultra-hard PVD coated, and (iii) nano-layered coated inserts and the effects of speeds and feeds during turning of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy are discussed. The initial tests have been conducted under orthogonal (2-D) cutting conditions with no coolant application. Based on these results, several oblique cutting (3-D) tests have been designed and conducted to study the effect of various types of ultra-hard and nano-layered coatings at higher cutting speeds under flooded coolant conditions. The effects of speed and feed on cutting force and tool wear are presented in this paper.

Root Cause Analyses of Metal Bridging for Copper Damascene Process

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. G. Song ◽  
S. P. Neo ◽  
S. K. Loh ◽  
C. K. Oh
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Microelectronic Device ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Damascene Process ◽  
New Process ◽  
Copper Cmp

Abstract New process will introduce new failure mechanisms during microelectronic device manufacturing. Even if the same defect, its root causes can be different for different processes. For aluminum(Al)-tungsten(W) metallization, the root cause of metal bridging is quite simple and mostly it is blocked etch or under-etch. But, for copper damascene process, the root causes of metal bridging are complicated. This paper has discussed the various root causes of metal bridging for copper damascene process, such as those related to litho-etch issue, copper CMP issue, copper corrosion issue and so on.

SEM-Based Nanoprobing on 40, 32 and 28 nm CMOS Devices Challenges for Semiconductor Failure Analysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Paul ◽  
Holger Herzog ◽  
Sören Jansen ◽  
Christian Hobert ◽  
Eckhard Langer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Technology Nodes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This paper presents an effective device-level failure analysis (FA) method which uses a high-resolution low-kV Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in combination with an integrated state-of-the-art nanomanipulator to locate and characterize single defects in failing CMOS devices. The presented case studies utilize several FA-techniques in combination with SEM-based nanoprobing for nanometer node technologies and demonstrate how these methods are used to investigate the root cause of IC device failures. The methodology represents a highly-efficient physical failure analysis flow for 28nm and larger technology nodes.

Failure Localization in a Multistage S-Band Power Amplifier

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Rebello ◽  
Ted Kolasa ◽  
Parag Modi
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Fault Tree ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Failure Investigation ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Design Materials ◽  
Board Level ◽  
Failure Localization

Abstract During the search for the root cause of a board level failure, all aspects of the product must be revisited and investigated. These aspects encompass design, materials, and workmanship. In this discussion, the failure investigation involved an S-Band Power Amplifier assembly exhibiting abnormally low RF output power where initial troubleshooting did not provide a clear cause of failure. A detailed fault tree drove investigations that narrowed the focus to a few possible root causes. However, as the investigation progressed, multiple contributors were eventually discovered, some that were not initially considered.

Infra-Red Reflectance Microscopy (IRRM) for Daisy Chain Flip Chip Device Failure Analysis

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Grilletto ◽  
Steve Hsiung ◽  
Andrew Komrowski ◽  
John Soopikian ◽  
Daniel J.D. Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Flip Chip ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Simple Metal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Cause Of Failure ◽  
Reflectance Microscopy ◽  
Ir Emission

Abstract This paper describes a method to "non-destructively" inspect the bump side of an assembled flip-chip test die. The method is used in conjunction with a simple metal-connecting "modified daisy chain" die and makes use of the fact that polished silicon is transparent to infra-red (IR) light. The paper describes the technique, scope of detection and examples of failure mechanisms successfully identified. It includes an example of a shorting anomaly that was not detectable with the state of the art X-ray equipment, but was detected by an IR emission microscope. The anomalies, in many cases, have shown to be the cause of failure. Once this has been accomplished, then a reasonable deprocessing plan can be instituted to proceed with the failure analysis.

scholarly journals Superior Oxidation Resistance Titanium Alloy ARCONIC-THORTM for Aerospace Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Sesh Tamirisakandala ◽  
Ernie Crist ◽  
Fusheng Sun ◽  
Matthew Dahar
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Aerospace Systems ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Nickel Base

Next generation fuel-efficient jet engines are running hotter presenting a structural challenge for the exhaust systems and structures adjacent to the engines. A conventional and affordable titanium alloy with superior oxidation resistance provides significant weight reductions and associated cost savings by eliminating the need for high density material systems such as nickel-base superalloys for service temperatures in between current titanium and nickel, enabling major technology advancement in high temperature aerospace applications. This paper presents an overview of Arconic’s engineered material ARCONIC-THORTM to address the needs of future aerospace systems.

Study of the Key Issues of Friction Stir Welding of Titanium Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 1185-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jie Liu ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Yong Xian Huang ◽  
Qi Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Aluminum And Magnesium Alloys

As a new solid-state welding process, friction stir welding (FSW) has been successfully used for joining low melting point materials such as aluminum and magnesium alloys, but the FSW of high melting point materials such as steels and titanium alloys is still difficult to carry out because of their strict requirements for the FSW tool. Especially for the FSW of titanium alloys, some key technological issues need to solve further. In order to accomplish the FSW of titanium alloys, a specially designed tool system was made. The system was composed of W-Re pin tool, liquid cooling holder and shielding gas shroud. Prior to FSW, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates were thermo-hydrogen processed to reduce the deformation resistance and tool wear during the FSW. Based on this, the thermo-hydrogen processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy with different hydrogen content was friction stir welded, and the microstructural characterizations and mechanical properties of the joints were studied. Experimental results showed that the designed tool system can fulfill the requirements of the FSW of titanium alloys, and excellent weld formation and high-strength joint have been obtained from the titanium alloy plates.

Erosion resistance of CVD diamond-coated titanium alloy for aerospace applications

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grögler ◽  
E. Zeiler ◽  
A. Franz ◽  
O. Plewa ◽  
S.M. Rosiwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Erosion Resistance ◽  
Cvd Diamond ◽  
Aerospace Applications

scholarly journals Experimental Study of tool Wear Mechanisms in Conventional and High Pressure Coolant Assisted Machining of Titanium Alloy Ti17

2013 ◽  
Vol 554-557 ◽  
pp. 1961-1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yessine Ayed ◽  
Guenael Germain ◽  
Amine Ammar ◽  
Benoit Furet
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
High Pressure Coolant

Titanium alloys are known for their excellent mechanical properties, especially at high temperature. But this specificity of titanium alloys can cause high cutting forces as well as a significant release of heat that may entail a rapid wear of the cutting tool. To cope with these problems, research has been taken in several directions. One of these is the development of assistances for machining. In this study, we investigate the high pressure coolant assisted machining of titanium alloy Ti17. High pressure coolant consists of projecting a jet of water between the rake face of the tool and the chip. The efficiency of the process depends on the choice of the operating parameters of machining and the parameters of the water jet such as its pressure and its diameter. The use of this type of assistance improves chip breaking and increases tool life. Indeed, the machining of titanium alloys is generally accompanied by rapid wear of cutting tools, especially in rough machining. The work done focuses on the wear of uncoated tungsten carbide tools during machining of Ti17. Rough and finish machining in conventional and in high pressure coolant assistance conditions were tested. Different techniques were used in order to explain the mechanisms of wear. These tests are accompanied by measurement of cutting forces, surface roughness and tool wear. The Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis technique made it possible to draw the distribution maps of alloying elements on the tool rake face. An area of material deposition on the rake face, characterized by a high concentration of titanium, was noticed. The width of this area and the concentration of titanium decreases in proportion with the increasing pressure of the coolant. The study showed that the wear mechanisms with and without high pressure coolant assistance are different. In fact, in the condition of conventional machining, temperature in the cutting zone becomes very high and, with lack of lubrication, the cutting edge deforms plastically and eventually collapses quickly. By contrast, in high pressure coolant assisted machining, this problem disappears and flank wear (VB) is stabilized at high pressure. The sudden rupture of the cutting edge observed under these conditions is due to the propagation of a notch and to the crater wear that appears at high pressure. Moreover, in rough condition, high pressure assistance made it possible to increase tool life by up to 400%.

Preparation of Titanium Alloy Parts by Powder Compact Extrusion of a Powder Mixture and Scaled up Manufacture

2016 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Yang ◽  
Brian Gabbitas ◽  
Ajit Pal Singh ◽  
Stella Raynova ◽  
Hui Yang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Powder Mixture ◽  
Powder Compact ◽  
Blended Elemental ◽  
Pilot Plant Scale ◽  
Near Net Shape ◽  
Titanium Processing ◽  
The University

Blended Elemental Powder Metallurgy (BE-PM) is a very attractive method for producing titanium alloys, which can be near-net shape formed with compositional freedom. However, a minimization of oxygen pick-up during processing into manufactured parts is a big challenge for powder metallurgy of titanium alloys. In this paper, different approaches for preparing titanium alloy parts by powder compact extrusion with 0.05-0.1wt.% of oxygen pick-up during manufacturing are discussed. The starting materials were a powder mixture of HDH titanium powder, other elemental powders and a master alloy powder. Different titanium alloys and composites, such as Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-4Al-4Sn-4Mo-0.5Si, Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr, and Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-5vol%TiB, with different profiles such as round and rectangular bars, a wedge profile, wire and tubes have been successfully manufactured on a laboratory and pilot-plant scale. Furthermore, a possible route for scaling up the titanium processing capabilities in the University of Waikato has also been discussed.

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