scholarly journals Rural development in Belarus: the “agrogrodok”: between rural and urban?

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Liudmila Slivinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
New Type

The article explores a phenomenon of agrogorodok originated and implemented as state policy of rural revitalization in the former Soviet country of Belarus beginning with 2005-2010 State Programme for Rural Revival & Development and continuing in further 5-years programmes up till now. The term “agrogorodok” is defined as a new type of rural settlement which features public facilities, industrial, social and transport infrastructures to ensure a high (here: compared to urban) standard of living for its residents and residents of adjacent territories [1].Wherein in terms of population it remains well below the size of a town and belongs to the lowest level of rural settlements. Currently over 1500 such settlements have been created (against targeted number of 1481 till 2010 as set in [1]). The article is to assess critically the policy against the so-called heroic tradition of modernist thinking to reform way of living via large-scale top-down state-led planning projects combining affordable housing, built public infrastructure as applied to declining rural areas. Further, for the current discourse on territorial development is focused almost exclusively on urbanisation, such specific approach targeting rural while having in its core the idea of some sort of urbanisation (understood as approaching urban standard of living in rural areas) is needed to be conceptualised to find its place in addressing and reinventing rurality in urban world. Such invention of a new type aiming at reconciling urban and rural is to be defined and conceptualised as a contribution into typology. The historical context of a post-soviet country, where continued aggressive state intervention into inter alia rural areas had produced distinct configurations of rural settlements in their transition from traditional to modern, also enriches such exploration of transformative power of ideologies / policy towards landscape. The article, tracing almost 15 years of policy implementation, reveals yet one more failed promise of salvation grinning through the gap between concept and its real appearance.

scholarly journals Re-thinking the Incrementalist Thesis in China: A Reflection on the Development of the Minimum Standard of Living Scheme in Urban and Rural Areas

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHAK KWAN CHAN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractMany commentators contend that the Chinese government adopted an incremental approach to welfare policy reform because its leaders lacked an overall blueprint for it, allowing initiatives to be implemented only after lengthy experimentation. While this perspective has provided an essential account of the implementation and changes of some welfare programmes, it has inadequately addressed the slow progress in rural areas' welfare programmes and the different welfare entitlements for rural and urban residents. Further investigation is therefore required to resolve these anomalies. Using the minimum standard of living scheme (MSLS) as a case example, this article illustrates how the Chinese government's legitimacy needs, during different stages of its economic reforms, have been the principal motivation for the implementation of such schemes. The introduction of an urban MSLS in 1997 aimed to reduce laid-off workers' dissatisfaction following the government's reforms of state-owned enterprises (SOEs). The implementation of a rural MSLS in 2007 was intended principally to minimise conflicts between land-losing farmers and local officials after widespread rural riots. These MSLSs are also minimal and stigmatising public-assistance schemes that fulfil the dual objective of securing a stable political environment for economic reform and maintaining poor people's work ethic for China's mixed economy.

scholarly journals FAMILY HOMESTEADS SETTLEMENTS AS THE SUBJECTS OF THE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT IN RURAL TERRITORIES

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-596
Author(s):  
Halyna Semenets ◽  
Valentyna Yakobchuk ◽  
Mariia Plotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
New Type ◽  
High Level

The development of rural areas in the context of decentralization of power has led to the search for effective mechanisms for public administration. What is the socio-psychological profile of the inhabitants of successful self-organizing rural settlements and what management technologies are proposed for rural development? The purpose of the study is to establish and recommend a mechanism for improving the technology of territorial communities management on the example of Family Homesteads (FH). The research methodology is based on structured interviews and unstructured conversations with the inhabitants of family homesteads, the leadership of local self-government and experts in the field of rural development. The self-organization of settlements illustrates them as harmonious communities and a model of the society of the future, practicing sustainable development. It was determined that success in the development of rural areas by settlers of a new type is due to their age characteristics (average settler age 35 years), high level of education, active lifestyle and investment activity. The advantages of the practice of public administration of the territory are established with the help of blockchain technology, which allows to reduce administration costs and promote resource participation.

Services management in the infrastructure of agrarian sector of economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
O.I. Betin ◽  
◽  
A.S. Truba ◽  
V.P. Cherdantsev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Village

The paper deals with the problems of scientific support for the formation and implementation of the program for sustainable development of rural areas, including the service sector. The role of the service sector and its impact on the standard of living of people in rural settlements is defined. The necessity of developing the socio-economic policy of the village is justified, taking into account the main tasks envisaged by the state’s agricultural policy. It is proposed to provide conditions for the development of rural areas, the development of agricultural production and services, which can make it possible to ensure food security in the country and improve the quality of life of people in rural settlements. It is important to take into account the diverse needs of people when providing them with goods and services. Improving the development of social infrastructure can meet the needs.

DIVERSIFICATION OF THE LIVING STANDARDS OF RURAL AND URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN 2006 AND 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (5) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Anna Murawska
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction Of Needs

The aim of the paper was to assess differences in the standard of living in households in rural areas and in rural areas in Poland. An analysis was made of indicators that measure the level of satisfaction of needs. Economic, infrastructural and environmental factors were taken into account. The results were presented for 2006 and 2016. The data was subjected to statistical analysis. The dynamics indexes, the measure of the range and the measure of the distance between the features values were calculated. The living standards in rural areas and in urban areas are significantly different to the detriment of rural households. This is due to the poorer material situation, less developed social and technical infrastructure and less developed assets of the natural environment.

THE DIFFERENTIATION IN THE LEVEL OF SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS OF THE LOWER SILESIAN PROVINCE IN THE YEARS 2002 AND 2010

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 170-187
Author(s):  
Barbara Kutkowska ◽  
Tomasz Pilawka ◽  
Vitalii Rybchak ◽  
Olena Rybchak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Lower Silesia

A gradual process of convergence of our country with the bloc’s member states has been observed since Poland’s accession to the European Union. The advance in the standard of living and living conditions of the inhabitants attests to this. The study area included rural and urban-rural communes of Lower Silesia. The research was aimed at determining the differentiation of the level of socioeconomic development within the Lower Silesian region and establishing whether changes in growth serve to increase or decrease this diversification. The level of socioeconomic development in 2002 and 2010 was determined based on available data. In order to determine the differentiation, a hierarchical method of linear ordering and statistical methods were applied, including the Pearson correlation coefficient, as well as the coefficients of variability and determination. The studies showed that differentiation in terms of the level of socioeconomic development in the province’s rural areas deepened in the years 2002-2010 . It was noted that despite significant changes in most indicators characterizing socioeconomic development, growth progressed unevenly and was spatially diversified. Communes with the highest level of development were located around urban agglomerations, however, those communes which saw the fastest development did not form a compact territory around cities.

scholarly journals Application of a bottom-up approach to reduce healthcare disparity between the urban and rural areas

2021 ◽  
pp. e568
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Malicka ◽  
Namrita George
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Culturally Appropriate Care ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Disparity in access to healthcare between the rural and urban regions occurs world-wide, both in higher and lower income countries. In order to offset poor health outcomes, a number of approaches to structuring healthcare services can be used. Several factors have been identified to play a role; nevertheless, they contribute to the healthcare gap to various - depending on whether a higher or lower income country undergoes evaluation. Traditionally, healthcare systems worldwide adopt a top-down approach, which is initiated by large institutions providing resources required for large scale projects along with the centralisation of efforts. Therefore, although it does lead to change, the results can be short-lived. The authors discuss the bottom-up approach used in ASHWINI organisation in Gudalur, India which allowed for the development of accessible and sustainable healthcare system managed by the community. Other projects, based in part on the principles of a bottom-up approach, have been applied in other countries to reduce healthcare disparities. A bottom-up approach, designed to deliver geographically-accessible, locally managed, culturally appropriate care, can provide sustainable results, and since it is universal in nature, it can be applied in other setting with similar structures.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing of Rural Settlements Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
A. A. Satybaldin ◽  
A. T. Tleuberdinova ◽  
X. V. Kulik
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Wide Range

The problem of territorial development is quite relevant for countries that cause a wide range of development issues: a low level of quality of life, underdeveloped infrastructure, migration of the working-age population to urban areas, etc. countryside. Certain difficulties in the development of rural areas are currently characteristic of Kazakhstan, 41 percent of whose population lives in rural areas. In recent years, there has been a stable trend of the outflow of the rural population, mainly young people, to the cities. The main reason for this phenomenon is dissatisfaction with the living conditions in the countryside. Rural areas of the country are characterized by low incomes of the population, underdeveloped transport infrastructure, lack of many utilities, insufficient provision of social services (health, education, culture).This situation cannot but worry the country’s leadership, since it has a multi-vector impact on the socio-economic development of Kazakhstan: food self-sufficiency of the country’s regions, the export potential of the agricultural sector, and the balanced structure of the economy. In this connection, there is a need for a detailed solution of problems and the search for their ways, methods and mechanisms for achieving goals. According to the authors of the article, the proposed author’s model can become a basis for optimal development of the country.The authors analyzed the existing definitions of “development”, “rural areas”, “development of rural areas”, gave their own formulation of the definition of the development of rural areas. Based on the study of foreign experience, important aspects of rural development policy have been identified, the authors have proposed mechanisms by which rural development can be implemented.The article focuses on the importance of interaction between all stakeholders interested in the development of rural areas.The purpose of this article is to develop the author’s conceptual model for the development of rural areas based on a theoretical review of existing definitions.The results of the research - the author’s definition and the proposed conceptual model are of interest both for scientific research in this area and for practical programs for rural development.

scholarly journals Implementation of low-rise construction projects as factor of improving level and quality of life in depressed territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Natalya Gusakova ◽  
Nikolay Minaev ◽  
Alexander Gusakov
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Young Professionals ◽  
Development And Validation

The conducted research was devoted to the development and validation of criteria for low-rise housing construction in small towns and rural areas remote from major cities. The purpose of the research is to develop fundamental criteria that allow achieving a synergistic effect based on integrated development of a territory, together with improvement of standard of living and creation of comfortable conditions for the population. This research can be applied in design of programs for development of construction industry, including low-rise construction. Scientific merit of the article lies in the fact that the developed criteria make it possible to identify the main features of efficient low-rise housing construction: comfort, safety, energy efficiency, modernity of engineering equipment. These features are able to ensure construction of such energy-efficient low-rise comfortable and affordable housing, which will contribute to sustainable development of a region and make small towns and villages attractive for young professionals and young families.

scholarly journals Basic aspects of rural social infrastructure development

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Mikhailovna Yarkova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Negative State ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Leisure Facilities

The social infrastructure of rural areas is of particular importance when considering issues of both an economic and social nature. Both production and non-production rural areas necessitate the availability of social facilities. The main purpose of social infrastructure facilities nowadays and in the past of rural and urban areas development is to meet the needs of the population. At the same time, social infrastructure defines the basis for the level and quality of life of civil society. Its condition is an indicator of the territorial development and provides opportunities for innovative development and investment attraction. For many years now, the rural social infrastructure has been in poor condition in Russia. Problems are observed in the living conditions of citizens, in elements of residential properties improvement, undeveloped system of medical and educational services, unavailability of cultural and leisure facilities, and so on. Due to such a negative state of the rural social sphere, problems arise with the demographic situation and the production sphere in terms of the inability to attract highly qualified personnel. The Program for the Sustainable Development of Rural Territories developed by the Government of Russia holds back the general, intensively negative situation, and is fundamentally changing it in some regions of the country. The paper presents the results of the implementation of the main Program directions and gives some recommendations on its further implementation and development of the rural social infrastructure.

Crossing the Divide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E.B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Nationally Representative

The magnitude, nature, causes, and consequences of population movements between rural and urban sectors of developing countries are examined. The prior literature is reviewed and is found to be limited in key dimensions. Evidence presented from a new database encompasses nationally representative data on seventy-five developing countries. Several measures of migration propensities are derived for the separate countries. The situation in each country is documented, both in historical context and following the time of enumeration. Rural-urban migrants enjoy major gains; those who do not move forego substantial, potential gains. Barriers to migrating are very real for disadvantaged groups. Migration among ethnolinguistic communities is a pervasive theme; the context in which each group lives is detailed. Upward mobility in incomes in towns is affirmed, and the departure of adults from rural homes raises the living standards of the family left behind, but consequent separation of married couples is endemic to particular societies. Reclassification of rural areas as urban is shown to be more important than net rural-urban moves in incremental urbanization and rural-urban moves are less permanent than normally portrayed. A contention of symmetry between rural-urban and urban-rural migration propensities is rejected, and indications that these twin movements result in sorting of labor by skills are not supported. Moreover, step and onward migration are not as common as popularly claimed. Previously neglected topics studied include autonomous migration by women, child migration, and networks at origin. Policies to limit rural-urban migration are questioned, and as climate change continues, planning for managed urban growth is vital.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document